共性技术扩散机理与政府行为研究
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摘要
20世纪90年代以来,冷战结束,经济全球化和知识经济时代的到来、科学技术自身的变化等诸多因素使得国际竞争无论从形式上还是内容上都发生了重大变化,并且竞争更加激烈。产业共性技术对于产业升级和经济发展的重要作用已逐渐为人们所认识,世界科技政策的发展动向和产业共性技术的公共品属性,决定了政府在产业共性技术开发、组织以及扩散方面的重要地位。国内外有不少学者对产业共性技术进行了研究和探讨,但这些研究大多主要针对共性技术的外部性所导致的供给不足进行的,而针对共性技术如何进行扩散、扩散的特征、机理等方面的相关研究还很少有学者关注,我国对共性技术的研究也是近几年的事,而且大都关注的是共性技术的供给不足和政府在供给中如何发挥作用等方面的研究。但是一项技术创新本身,对经济的影响和社会生产力的提高是有限的,只有通过扩散才能充分发挥其潜在的经济效益,从而促进技术经济系统进化和高级化。因此我们不仅要关注共性技术的创新供给问题,还需要对其扩散的过程、特征、机制等进行研究,从而为研究提高共性技术扩散的效率和速度、促进共性技术的有效扩散提供政策支持思路。本文正是在这种研究背景下尝试对共性技术的扩散机理进行一些研究,也希望这些研究能使我国政府在关注共性技术研发的基础上,也应认真思考如何在共性技术的扩散中发挥积极作用。本文对共性技术扩散的研究主要从两个方面进行:一是从认识和描述共性技术扩散现象出发,研究的是共性技术扩散的一般过程、特征、机制、规律及影响因素;二是从提高共性技术创新扩散速度、操作和控制共性技术创新扩散过程出发,研究的是影响、改善和促进扩散过程的途径及政策措施,实现扩散过程一定程度的控制和优化。前者是基础,后者是目的和意义。因此理解共性技术创新扩散遵循的规律以及扩散过程顺利进行的条件或机制,对于政府从宏观上把握共性技术创新过程十分重要。
本文综合运用了技术创新学、管理科学、系统科学、经济学、产业经济学等多学科的理论,以系统的思维方式和理念为指导、采用实证研究与规范研究相结合、比较归纳研究与抽象演绎研究相结合的集成方法,围绕共性技术扩散的相关影响特征进行了深入的分析,对促进我国产业共性技术的发展,推动产业的升级具有积极作用。
Since 1990s, with the collapse of cold war and the arrival of economical globalization and the knowledge economy time, as well as the change of science and technology themselves, et al., international competition has becoming more and more severe, no matter from their forms or contents.It has gradually been recognized for the role of industrial generic technology playing in industry upgrading and economic development.industrial generic technology is fundamental to technology innovation and a shortcut to realize technology innovation. The important role that government plays in of industrial generic technology development, organization and diffusion is determined by the trend of international science and technology policy and public goods property. many scholars have studied on industrial generic technology. Unfortunately, these studies mainly focuses on the undersupply resulted from its externality and little attention is paid on its diffusion and mechanism. In China, study on generic technology starts very later and mostly focus on generic technology undersupply and government's role in generic technology undersupply.
However, technology innovation itself can limitedly improve social productivity. Only by way of diffusion its potential economic benefit can be realized to enhance economic system evolution and upgrading. Owing to its fundament and dominance in national technology innovation system, we should pay more attention on generic technology innovation supply as well as on generic technology diffusion process, characteristic and mechanism, which can provides ideas to enhance the efficiency and speed of generic technology diffusion.
Given this circumstances, this paper tries to probe into generic technology diffusion mechanism. It is hoped that the study drives government to wonder how to play a positive role in generic technology diffusion based on its concern on generic technology R&D. It is fundamental to raise autonomous innovation ability and international competiveness. For the study on generic technology diffusion, the paper focused on two aspects. One hand, the paper tries to probe into generic technology diffusion general process, characteristic, mechanism, and its influencing factors based on formulating generic technology diffusion. On the other hand, we try to investigate the path to influence, improve and promote diffusion process aiming to control and optimize diffusion process from the point of speed, operation and control in generic technology innovation diffusion. The former is base and the latter is goal and significance. Only through diffusion, can technology innovation maximize social and economic benefit. Therefore, government should understand the rule that generic technology innovation diffusion obeys and generic technology innovation diffusion mechanism in order to grasp generic technology innovation process from macroscopic point.
This paper makes use of technical innovation science, management science, system science, geographic economy and industry economy et al. to study the question about generic technology diffusion. We adopt both normative and empirical analysis methods, as well as inducing and deduction methods, to analyze the problem of generic technology diffusion in the high technology districts, and it has great effects in the development of generic technology in high technology districts.
本文综合运用了技术创新学、管理科学、系统科学、经济学、产业经济学等多学科的理论,以系统的思维方式和理念为指导、采用实证研究与规范研究相结合、比较归纳研究与抽象演绎研究相结合的集成方法,围绕共性技术扩散的相关影响特征进行了深入的分析,对促进我国产业共性技术的发展,推动产业的升级具有积极作用。
Since 1990s, with the collapse of cold war and the arrival of economical globalization and the knowledge economy time, as well as the change of science and technology themselves, et al., international competition has becoming more and more severe, no matter from their forms or contents.It has gradually been recognized for the role of industrial generic technology playing in industry upgrading and economic development.industrial generic technology is fundamental to technology innovation and a shortcut to realize technology innovation. The important role that government plays in of industrial generic technology development, organization and diffusion is determined by the trend of international science and technology policy and public goods property. many scholars have studied on industrial generic technology. Unfortunately, these studies mainly focuses on the undersupply resulted from its externality and little attention is paid on its diffusion and mechanism. In China, study on generic technology starts very later and mostly focus on generic technology undersupply and government's role in generic technology undersupply.
However, technology innovation itself can limitedly improve social productivity. Only by way of diffusion its potential economic benefit can be realized to enhance economic system evolution and upgrading. Owing to its fundament and dominance in national technology innovation system, we should pay more attention on generic technology innovation supply as well as on generic technology diffusion process, characteristic and mechanism, which can provides ideas to enhance the efficiency and speed of generic technology diffusion.
Given this circumstances, this paper tries to probe into generic technology diffusion mechanism. It is hoped that the study drives government to wonder how to play a positive role in generic technology diffusion based on its concern on generic technology R&D. It is fundamental to raise autonomous innovation ability and international competiveness. For the study on generic technology diffusion, the paper focused on two aspects. One hand, the paper tries to probe into generic technology diffusion general process, characteristic, mechanism, and its influencing factors based on formulating generic technology diffusion. On the other hand, we try to investigate the path to influence, improve and promote diffusion process aiming to control and optimize diffusion process from the point of speed, operation and control in generic technology innovation diffusion. The former is base and the latter is goal and significance. Only through diffusion, can technology innovation maximize social and economic benefit. Therefore, government should understand the rule that generic technology innovation diffusion obeys and generic technology innovation diffusion mechanism in order to grasp generic technology innovation process from macroscopic point.
This paper makes use of technical innovation science, management science, system science, geographic economy and industry economy et al. to study the question about generic technology diffusion. We adopt both normative and empirical analysis methods, as well as inducing and deduction methods, to analyze the problem of generic technology diffusion in the high technology districts, and it has great effects in the development of generic technology in high technology districts.
引文
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