复杂体型方钢管混凝土框架结构抗震性能和减震研究
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摘要
本文以国内首幢采用消能减震技术方钢管混凝土框架结构的高层建筑为研究核心，从矩形钢管混凝土柱的仿真分析、整体结构的振动台试验及弹塑性时程分析、粘滞阻尼器消能减震等三方面进行了一系列相互关联的研究工作，主要内容包括：
1．在分析总结已有模型的基础上，提出一种可以考虑矩形钢管混凝土钢管壁双轴应力状态和局部屈曲的钢材等效单轴应力-应变滞回模型及相应的内填混凝土单轴应力-应变滞回模型。
2．将二阶有限单元柔度法和纤维模型梁柱单元相结合，推导了柔度法纤维模型梁柱单元的计算公式，并提出了几点改进措施，解决了该模型中截面切线刚度矩阵奇异时无法求逆得到截面切线柔度矩阵的问题，提高了算法的稳定性：结合本文建议的矩形钢管混凝土组成材料的单轴应力．应变滞回模型编制了框架结构三维非线性分析程序，并通过16根矩形钢管混凝土柱的计算结果和试验结果的对比，验证了程序的可靠性。运用此程序对本文结构中的方钢管混凝土柱进行了一系列的力学性能分析，为后续整体结构的计算分析提供依据。’
3．对本文结构进行了1／15缩尺模型的振动台试验，对该结构的动力特性、地震反应和阻尼器的减震效果进行了分析研究，并提出了改进建议：在此基础上，采用多弹簧模型对振动台试验的模型结构进行模态分析和非线性时程分析，所得计算结果和试验结果吻合较好，验证了计算模型的正确性；然后，以同样方法对改进后的原型结构进行了计算分析，研究了该结构在各级地震作用下的反应特征以及大震下的屈服机制，进而对其抗震性能做出了评估。
4．编制了单自由度消能结构的非线性时程分析程序，并对其进行了一系列的参数分析，在此基础上，提出了一种实用的减震结构优化设计方法，并对本文结构进行了减震设计，得出了两种不同减震目标的减震方案，结合阻尼器均匀布置方案对本文结构进行了计算分析，通过分析计算结果，对各种减震方案的减震效果进行了对比，并研究分析了小震和大震下减震结构的地震反应特点。
In this paper, a series of research work on a high-rise building of CFST (concrete filled square steel tubular) frame structure with dampers are carried out, which mainly includes nonlinear analysis of CFRT(concrete filled rectangular steel tubular) columns, shaking table test and nonlinear time history analysis of the structure, seismic energy dissipation using viscous dampers. The specific contents are as follows.
1. The uniaxial steel stress-strain model in which biaxial stress and local buckling effects of steel tube are considered and uniaxial concrete stress-strain model of CFRT column are built, based on the analysis of existing material constitutive models of CFRT columns.
2. A new type of beam-column element is built by the combination of the second order finite element flexibility method with fiber-model beam-column element. Simultaneously, several measures are provided to solve the problem that strange section stiffness matrix can not seek the inverse and improve the stability of the method. Additionally, the 3D nonlinear analysis program of CFRT frame structure is developed based on the element model and materials models suggested in this paper, which is verified by the comparison of the calculation results with the test results of 16 test models of CRFT columns. Finally, the simulation of CFST columns in high-rise building is carried out by the program to investigate its seismic behaviors.
3. A 1/15 scale model of the high-rise building of CFST frame structure with dampers is tested on shaking table to investigate the dynamic characteristics and seismic response, especially the effect of dampers on seismic behavior of the structure. Based on the test results, the structural analysis model composed of multi-spring model of beams and columns is established, then the elasto-plastic time-history analysis for the shaking table test model of the structure is carried out, and good agreement between analysis and test results is obtained. Finally, the analysis for prototype structure is performed by the same procedure to study its seismic responses and yield mechanism. The analysis and test results show that the structure
has no obvious weak story and can meet the code requirements for energy dissipation structures.
4. A series of pararnetrical analysis of single degree freedom structure with viscous damper are carried out by a program developed in this paper. Based on the results of parametrical analysis, an optimum design method of seismic energy- dissipation structure is developed and two seismic energy-dissipation schemes with different inter-story drift reduction ratio of the CFST frame structure are designed by the method. By the analysis of the structure under the two optimum schemes and the other scheme with damper uniform installation, the seismic response of the structure with different energy-dissipation scheme at frequent and seldom seismic intensities is investigated.
1．在分析总结已有模型的基础上，提出一种可以考虑矩形钢管混凝土钢管壁双轴应力状态和局部屈曲的钢材等效单轴应力-应变滞回模型及相应的内填混凝土单轴应力-应变滞回模型。
2．将二阶有限单元柔度法和纤维模型梁柱单元相结合，推导了柔度法纤维模型梁柱单元的计算公式，并提出了几点改进措施，解决了该模型中截面切线刚度矩阵奇异时无法求逆得到截面切线柔度矩阵的问题，提高了算法的稳定性：结合本文建议的矩形钢管混凝土组成材料的单轴应力．应变滞回模型编制了框架结构三维非线性分析程序，并通过16根矩形钢管混凝土柱的计算结果和试验结果的对比，验证了程序的可靠性。运用此程序对本文结构中的方钢管混凝土柱进行了一系列的力学性能分析，为后续整体结构的计算分析提供依据。’
3．对本文结构进行了1／15缩尺模型的振动台试验，对该结构的动力特性、地震反应和阻尼器的减震效果进行了分析研究，并提出了改进建议：在此基础上，采用多弹簧模型对振动台试验的模型结构进行模态分析和非线性时程分析，所得计算结果和试验结果吻合较好，验证了计算模型的正确性；然后，以同样方法对改进后的原型结构进行了计算分析，研究了该结构在各级地震作用下的反应特征以及大震下的屈服机制，进而对其抗震性能做出了评估。
4．编制了单自由度消能结构的非线性时程分析程序，并对其进行了一系列的参数分析，在此基础上，提出了一种实用的减震结构优化设计方法，并对本文结构进行了减震设计，得出了两种不同减震目标的减震方案，结合阻尼器均匀布置方案对本文结构进行了计算分析，通过分析计算结果，对各种减震方案的减震效果进行了对比，并研究分析了小震和大震下减震结构的地震反应特点。
In this paper, a series of research work on a high-rise building of CFST (concrete filled square steel tubular) frame structure with dampers are carried out, which mainly includes nonlinear analysis of CFRT(concrete filled rectangular steel tubular) columns, shaking table test and nonlinear time history analysis of the structure, seismic energy dissipation using viscous dampers. The specific contents are as follows.
1. The uniaxial steel stress-strain model in which biaxial stress and local buckling effects of steel tube are considered and uniaxial concrete stress-strain model of CFRT column are built, based on the analysis of existing material constitutive models of CFRT columns.
2. A new type of beam-column element is built by the combination of the second order finite element flexibility method with fiber-model beam-column element. Simultaneously, several measures are provided to solve the problem that strange section stiffness matrix can not seek the inverse and improve the stability of the method. Additionally, the 3D nonlinear analysis program of CFRT frame structure is developed based on the element model and materials models suggested in this paper, which is verified by the comparison of the calculation results with the test results of 16 test models of CRFT columns. Finally, the simulation of CFST columns in high-rise building is carried out by the program to investigate its seismic behaviors.
3. A 1/15 scale model of the high-rise building of CFST frame structure with dampers is tested on shaking table to investigate the dynamic characteristics and seismic response, especially the effect of dampers on seismic behavior of the structure. Based on the test results, the structural analysis model composed of multi-spring model of beams and columns is established, then the elasto-plastic time-history analysis for the shaking table test model of the structure is carried out, and good agreement between analysis and test results is obtained. Finally, the analysis for prototype structure is performed by the same procedure to study its seismic responses and yield mechanism. The analysis and test results show that the structure
has no obvious weak story and can meet the code requirements for energy dissipation structures.
4. A series of pararnetrical analysis of single degree freedom structure with viscous damper are carried out by a program developed in this paper. Based on the results of parametrical analysis, an optimum design method of seismic energy- dissipation structure is developed and two seismic energy-dissipation schemes with different inter-story drift reduction ratio of the CFST frame structure are designed by the method. By the analysis of the structure under the two optimum schemes and the other scheme with damper uniform installation, the seismic response of the structure with different energy-dissipation scheme at frequent and seldom seismic intensities is investigated.
引文
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