空气源燃气机热泵的仿真优化及实验验证
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摘要
燃气机热泵是一种高效节能、经济环保的新型供热空调装置,国内对该装置的研究刚刚起步。本文对空气源燃气机热泵进行了较为全面的理论与实验研究,主要研究内容如下:
以空气源燃气机热泵为对象,建立了由燃气机、压缩机、板式蒸发器、板式冷凝器、翅片管蒸发器、翅片管冷凝器、电子膨胀阀、四通换向阀、储液器、板翅式余热回收换热器、连接管道等部件模型组成的燃气机热泵系统的较完整数学模型。建立了空气源燃气机热泵实验台,用实验结果和现有相关文献结果验证本文建立的空气源燃气机热泵组成部件及系统仿真模型。在部件模型研究方面,建立了考虑过热度、过冷度及转速修正的压缩机图形法模型;建立了基于单管模型的翅片管换热器模型,以模拟复杂管子排列的翅片管换热器形式;提出了换热器最小偏差换热及摩擦阻力关联式选择方法。
利用该仿真模型,进行了燃气机热泵系统的系统匹配、全年性能优化及最优供热负荷系数研究。在系统匹配方面,提出了基于全年实际最大负荷的单级传动比确定方法,还针对单级传动比在部分负荷性能、容量调节范围上的弱点,研究了燃气机与压缩机之间的多级传动比连接方案并从理论上证明了该方案具有改善燃气机运行工况、改进机组负荷调节能力和部分负荷性能、提高机组一次能源利用率和全年运行性能等优点。在性能优化方面,建立了以一次能源利用率为优化目标、换热器总费用为约束条件的单工况优化模型,还针对燃气机热泵的变速运行特点,提出了燃气机热泵的全年性能优化方法,以燃气机热泵的全年一次能源利用率为优化目标,建立了基于燃气机热泵仿真模型的全年运行模型,分析了全年性能优化的特点。在最优供热负荷系数研究方面,建立了燃气机热泵的热经济学优化模型,并利用该模型计算分析了燃气机热泵的最优供热负荷系数。
利用燃气机热泵系统仿真模型,对燃气机热泵中两种常用余热回收方式进行了仿真研究。
本文以实验和计算机仿真为主要研究工具,以优化匹配为主要研究目的,所采用的方法和得出的结论可供燃气机热泵研究和设计时参考。
Gas engine-driven heat pump (GEHP) is a kind of novel heating and air-conditioning equipment that is high efficient, energy saving, economical and environment-friendly. Researches on GEHP are still on the launch in China. This dissertation investigates the air source GEHP both experimentally and theoretically. The main contents are as follows:
Aimed at the air source GEHP, a mathematical model has been made. It is made up of sub-models of the engine, compressor, plate evaporator, plate condenser, fin and tube evpoarator, fin and tube condenser, electronic expansion valve, four-way valve, accumulator, seperator, plate-fin exhaust gas heat exchanger. An air source GEHP test rig has been set up. Data measured on the test rig and from relative literatures are used to testify the GEHP model and sub-models. The minimum difference selection method among different heat transfer and friction correlations in heat exchangers has been put forward. The compressor model has taken the superheat, sub-cooling temperature and rotary speed correction into account. The fin and tube heat exchanger model has been built on the basis of single tube model, and it can simulate those heat exchangers with complex tube arrangements.
Based on the simulation model, optimal matching between engine and compressor, GEHP system optimization and heating load factor have been studied. Method of drive ratio definition according to the actual whole year maximum load has been brought forward. Aimed at the weakness of single drive ratio connection on the load modulation performance and the partial load performance, the multilevel drive ratio connection between engine and compressor has been investigated. It proves theoretically that the multilevel drive ratio connection can improve the engine operation conditions, the load modulation performance and the partial load performance, increase the PER and annual operation performance of GEHP. The single operation optimization model with the PER as the objection and the total heat exchanger fee as a restriction has been set up. Considered the variable-speed operation characteristic of GEHP, the idea of the whole year performance optimization has been put forward, with the whole year PER (APER) as the objection. Analysis and comparison between the whole year optimization and the single operation optimization have been done. The thermo-economic optimization model has been made to study the heating load factor of GEHP.
The heat balance of gas engine has been calculated theoretically with the above GEHP model. And two different ways of waste heat recovery have been studied mathematically.
With the experimental and computer simulation as the investigation tools, the optimization and matching of the GEHP have been studied. The methods and conclusions can be referred in the GEHP research and design.
以空气源燃气机热泵为对象,建立了由燃气机、压缩机、板式蒸发器、板式冷凝器、翅片管蒸发器、翅片管冷凝器、电子膨胀阀、四通换向阀、储液器、板翅式余热回收换热器、连接管道等部件模型组成的燃气机热泵系统的较完整数学模型。建立了空气源燃气机热泵实验台,用实验结果和现有相关文献结果验证本文建立的空气源燃气机热泵组成部件及系统仿真模型。在部件模型研究方面,建立了考虑过热度、过冷度及转速修正的压缩机图形法模型;建立了基于单管模型的翅片管换热器模型,以模拟复杂管子排列的翅片管换热器形式;提出了换热器最小偏差换热及摩擦阻力关联式选择方法。
利用该仿真模型,进行了燃气机热泵系统的系统匹配、全年性能优化及最优供热负荷系数研究。在系统匹配方面,提出了基于全年实际最大负荷的单级传动比确定方法,还针对单级传动比在部分负荷性能、容量调节范围上的弱点,研究了燃气机与压缩机之间的多级传动比连接方案并从理论上证明了该方案具有改善燃气机运行工况、改进机组负荷调节能力和部分负荷性能、提高机组一次能源利用率和全年运行性能等优点。在性能优化方面,建立了以一次能源利用率为优化目标、换热器总费用为约束条件的单工况优化模型,还针对燃气机热泵的变速运行特点,提出了燃气机热泵的全年性能优化方法,以燃气机热泵的全年一次能源利用率为优化目标,建立了基于燃气机热泵仿真模型的全年运行模型,分析了全年性能优化的特点。在最优供热负荷系数研究方面,建立了燃气机热泵的热经济学优化模型,并利用该模型计算分析了燃气机热泵的最优供热负荷系数。
利用燃气机热泵系统仿真模型,对燃气机热泵中两种常用余热回收方式进行了仿真研究。
本文以实验和计算机仿真为主要研究工具,以优化匹配为主要研究目的,所采用的方法和得出的结论可供燃气机热泵研究和设计时参考。
Gas engine-driven heat pump (GEHP) is a kind of novel heating and air-conditioning equipment that is high efficient, energy saving, economical and environment-friendly. Researches on GEHP are still on the launch in China. This dissertation investigates the air source GEHP both experimentally and theoretically. The main contents are as follows:
Aimed at the air source GEHP, a mathematical model has been made. It is made up of sub-models of the engine, compressor, plate evaporator, plate condenser, fin and tube evpoarator, fin and tube condenser, electronic expansion valve, four-way valve, accumulator, seperator, plate-fin exhaust gas heat exchanger. An air source GEHP test rig has been set up. Data measured on the test rig and from relative literatures are used to testify the GEHP model and sub-models. The minimum difference selection method among different heat transfer and friction correlations in heat exchangers has been put forward. The compressor model has taken the superheat, sub-cooling temperature and rotary speed correction into account. The fin and tube heat exchanger model has been built on the basis of single tube model, and it can simulate those heat exchangers with complex tube arrangements.
Based on the simulation model, optimal matching between engine and compressor, GEHP system optimization and heating load factor have been studied. Method of drive ratio definition according to the actual whole year maximum load has been brought forward. Aimed at the weakness of single drive ratio connection on the load modulation performance and the partial load performance, the multilevel drive ratio connection between engine and compressor has been investigated. It proves theoretically that the multilevel drive ratio connection can improve the engine operation conditions, the load modulation performance and the partial load performance, increase the PER and annual operation performance of GEHP. The single operation optimization model with the PER as the objection and the total heat exchanger fee as a restriction has been set up. Considered the variable-speed operation characteristic of GEHP, the idea of the whole year performance optimization has been put forward, with the whole year PER (APER) as the objection. Analysis and comparison between the whole year optimization and the single operation optimization have been done. The thermo-economic optimization model has been made to study the heating load factor of GEHP.
The heat balance of gas engine has been calculated theoretically with the above GEHP model. And two different ways of waste heat recovery have been studied mathematically.
With the experimental and computer simulation as the investigation tools, the optimization and matching of the GEHP have been studied. The methods and conclusions can be referred in the GEHP research and design.
引文
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