基于三角转子发动机和微生物燃料电池的微小型电源研究
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摘要
随着微机电系统(MEMS)的快速发展,为MEMS提供电能的微小型功率器件(PowerMEMS)逐步得到了广泛的研制。为研制微能源系统,本文提出的微小型三角转子发动机发电装置和微小型微生物燃料电池两个不同的方案:微小型三角转子发动机发电装置以液态烃为燃料的微小型三角转子发动机带动微型电机发电,与其他发电装置相比,具有能量密度高,输出稳定可控等优点。而微小型微生物燃料电池则是通过微生物如酵母菌分解葡萄糖的产电效应来发电的,其特点是:原料容易获得且成本很低可再生无污染,不存在燃烧现象无爆炸等潜在危险,发热量极小,可以长期运行等。
论文的主要内容包括两大部分内容:
第一部分包括第二到第四章,通过对微尺度燃烧理论研究,分析微尺度条件下燃烧过程中着火和熄火的热力条件和考虑熄火距离对燃烧的影响,结合转子发动机结构原理、工作原理的研究,通过热应力仿真并参照前期实验经验,提出了基于热应力的微小型三角转子发动机型线方程的修复方法。在此基础上成功研制厘米级R.Ⅱ样机和毫米级R.Ⅲ样机。R.Ⅱ样机是国内见报导的稳定运行时间最长的微小型三角转子发动机,其内部核心尺寸最大不超过4cm,外形尺寸最大不超过10cm,最大输出功率可达220W,稳定输出功率为150W,单次运行时间超过一小时,并在航模中试用成功。R.Ⅲ样机是国内能成功点火的最小的转子发动机,输出功率可达2.5W,其内部核心尺寸最大不超过8mm,接近国外最高水平。
第二部分包括第五到第七章,通过对双极腔间接型微生物燃料电池的发电机理研究和各影响因素的实验探讨分析验证,首创采用铁电极作为阳电极,以驯化后第四代Y20酵母菌为菌种,研制成能反复充电、长时间工作、原料易得、绿色无污染的微小型微生物燃料电池M.Ⅱ和M.Ⅲ,其工作时间长短取决于原料的添加量。M.Ⅱ每个容腔容积8 ml,最大输出0.38mW,内阻320欧姆,最大开路电压为0.725V,可稳定输出250min。M.Ⅲ每个容腔容积3.2ml,最大输出0.33mW,内阻325欧姆,最大开路电压为0.682V,可稳定输出120min。在此基础上发现一种全新的微生物燃料电池的实现方式:铁阳电极单腔无隔膜微生物燃料电池。为微生物燃料电池开辟了一个新的方向,相对常见双极腔间接型MFC,它具有迅速达到工作状态、最大输出功率高、内阻小等优点,并且小型化之后内阻没有太大的变化,同时它取消了最昂贵的PEM隔膜,结构简单,成本低廉,容易实现,更适合微小化。当然也存在着稳定输出时间较短等缺点。
The widely use of MEMS prompted the extensive research of Power MEMS. Micro(small) rotary engine-generator device and Micro(small) microbial fuel cell are two difference research programs of Power MEMS.Micro(small) rotary engine-generator device supplied with liquid hydrocarbon has merits of high power density and its output is steady and controllable.In micro(small) microbial fuel cell,microbial such as saccharomyces cerevisiae catabolize glucose and generate electricity,it has merits of cheap material,no pollution,nonexplosive,long life-span for use etc.
The thesis includes two main parts:
The first part includes from chapter two to chapter four.In this part,analyzed the thermodynamic condition of ignition and flameout and the influence of quenching distance in micro-combustion,studied the micro-combustion theory and the configuration and work principle of rotary engine.A modified contour of rotary engine was made based on simulation of thermal stress and testing experience.On these bases,a centimeter-size rotary engine R.Ⅱand a millimeter-size rotary engine R.Ⅲwere designed,manufactured and tested.R.Ⅱrotary engine was the small-scale rotary engine which can steady operate for the longest time in China.The internal key size of R.Ⅱdoes not exceed 4 cm,and total size does not exceed 10 cm,the maximal output of R.II was 220W,and its steady output was 150W,can operated more than one hour every test.R.III was the smallest rotary engine in China,its output was 2.5W,the internal key size of R.Ⅲdoes not exceed 8mm.
The first part includes from chapter five to chapter seven.In this part,studied and analyzed the electrogenesis principle and influence factors of Microbial Fuel Cell(MFC). Two small-scale MFC devices,M.Ⅱand M.Ⅲ,were made.They use iron electrode as positive electrode,the bacteria spawn of them was the Saccharomyces cerevisiae after fourth electron domestication.The cubage of M.II was 8ml,its output was 0.38mW,its internal resistance was 320Ω,its open voltage was 0.725V,M.Ⅱcan steadily working more than 250min.The cubage of M.III was 3.2ml,its output was 0.33mW,its internal resistance was 325Ω,its open voltage was 0.682V,M.II can steadily working more than 120min.In these bases,a new MFC device was found:iron positive electrode and no-PEM MFC device.Relative to conventional MFC,the new one had merits of higher power output, lower internal resistance and cheaper,but its steadily working time was short.
论文的主要内容包括两大部分内容:
第一部分包括第二到第四章,通过对微尺度燃烧理论研究,分析微尺度条件下燃烧过程中着火和熄火的热力条件和考虑熄火距离对燃烧的影响,结合转子发动机结构原理、工作原理的研究,通过热应力仿真并参照前期实验经验,提出了基于热应力的微小型三角转子发动机型线方程的修复方法。在此基础上成功研制厘米级R.Ⅱ样机和毫米级R.Ⅲ样机。R.Ⅱ样机是国内见报导的稳定运行时间最长的微小型三角转子发动机,其内部核心尺寸最大不超过4cm,外形尺寸最大不超过10cm,最大输出功率可达220W,稳定输出功率为150W,单次运行时间超过一小时,并在航模中试用成功。R.Ⅲ样机是国内能成功点火的最小的转子发动机,输出功率可达2.5W,其内部核心尺寸最大不超过8mm,接近国外最高水平。
第二部分包括第五到第七章,通过对双极腔间接型微生物燃料电池的发电机理研究和各影响因素的实验探讨分析验证,首创采用铁电极作为阳电极,以驯化后第四代Y20酵母菌为菌种,研制成能反复充电、长时间工作、原料易得、绿色无污染的微小型微生物燃料电池M.Ⅱ和M.Ⅲ,其工作时间长短取决于原料的添加量。M.Ⅱ每个容腔容积8 ml,最大输出0.38mW,内阻320欧姆,最大开路电压为0.725V,可稳定输出250min。M.Ⅲ每个容腔容积3.2ml,最大输出0.33mW,内阻325欧姆,最大开路电压为0.682V,可稳定输出120min。在此基础上发现一种全新的微生物燃料电池的实现方式:铁阳电极单腔无隔膜微生物燃料电池。为微生物燃料电池开辟了一个新的方向,相对常见双极腔间接型MFC,它具有迅速达到工作状态、最大输出功率高、内阻小等优点,并且小型化之后内阻没有太大的变化,同时它取消了最昂贵的PEM隔膜,结构简单,成本低廉,容易实现,更适合微小化。当然也存在着稳定输出时间较短等缺点。
The widely use of MEMS prompted the extensive research of Power MEMS. Micro(small) rotary engine-generator device and Micro(small) microbial fuel cell are two difference research programs of Power MEMS.Micro(small) rotary engine-generator device supplied with liquid hydrocarbon has merits of high power density and its output is steady and controllable.In micro(small) microbial fuel cell,microbial such as saccharomyces cerevisiae catabolize glucose and generate electricity,it has merits of cheap material,no pollution,nonexplosive,long life-span for use etc.
The thesis includes two main parts:
The first part includes from chapter two to chapter four.In this part,analyzed the thermodynamic condition of ignition and flameout and the influence of quenching distance in micro-combustion,studied the micro-combustion theory and the configuration and work principle of rotary engine.A modified contour of rotary engine was made based on simulation of thermal stress and testing experience.On these bases,a centimeter-size rotary engine R.Ⅱand a millimeter-size rotary engine R.Ⅲwere designed,manufactured and tested.R.Ⅱrotary engine was the small-scale rotary engine which can steady operate for the longest time in China.The internal key size of R.Ⅱdoes not exceed 4 cm,and total size does not exceed 10 cm,the maximal output of R.II was 220W,and its steady output was 150W,can operated more than one hour every test.R.III was the smallest rotary engine in China,its output was 2.5W,the internal key size of R.Ⅲdoes not exceed 8mm.
The first part includes from chapter five to chapter seven.In this part,studied and analyzed the electrogenesis principle and influence factors of Microbial Fuel Cell(MFC). Two small-scale MFC devices,M.Ⅱand M.Ⅲ,were made.They use iron electrode as positive electrode,the bacteria spawn of them was the Saccharomyces cerevisiae after fourth electron domestication.The cubage of M.II was 8ml,its output was 0.38mW,its internal resistance was 320Ω,its open voltage was 0.725V,M.Ⅱcan steadily working more than 250min.The cubage of M.III was 3.2ml,its output was 0.33mW,its internal resistance was 325Ω,its open voltage was 0.682V,M.II can steadily working more than 120min.In these bases,a new MFC device was found:iron positive electrode and no-PEM MFC device.Relative to conventional MFC,the new one had merits of higher power output, lower internal resistance and cheaper,but its steadily working time was short.
引文
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