毛竹活性炭的制备及其应用研究
|
摘要
活性炭具有发达的孔隙结构,广泛应用于人类生产、生活活动中,其用量随着社会的发展与日俱增。活性炭的吸附性能与其结构性质有关。中孔活性炭因具有较大的孔径和孔容和相对较高的比表面积,使其更适合负载催化剂等化学物质,适于做电极材料及生物工程等领域中的多孔材料,因此中孔活性炭材料的制备引起人们的广泛兴趣。
随着石油资源的日益匮乏,寻找一种合适的代用燃料成为当前的迫切任务。天然气的主要成份为甲烷,是一种储量丰富的清洁能源。人们将预吸附水的湿活性炭用于天然气存储,可大大提高天然气储量。在本论文的研究中,以毛竹为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备了具有较高比表面积和较大中孔体积的活性炭。考察了以竹质活性炭为电极材料的双电层电容器的性能,发现中孔的存在有利于电容器电容量的提高。将竹质活性炭用于甲烷存储方面的研究发现,湿活性炭材料的甲烷储量比干料储量有很大提高,在活性炭材料内有甲烷水合物生成。
大气“温室效应”与地球变暖是21世纪人类面临的最大环境问题。人类的生产、生活活动产生大量的二氧化碳并排放到大气,被认为是导致该现象的主要原因。因此对排放的CO2进行填埋或者回收利用是非常必要的。本文研究了活性炭材料对不同气体的吸附性能,以探讨其用于气体分离的可能性。实验考察了活性炭材料对二氧化碳的存储性能。研究发现,由于有二氧化碳水合物生成,湿活性炭材料的二氧化碳储量比干炭储量有很大提高。二氧化碳的充放气研究表明:湿活性炭存储不仅可有效提高二氧化碳的储量,而且充放气迅速。在不同充气压力下,大部分二氧化碳水合物的生成在100分钟内完成。充放气过程中湿活性炭上的热效应远远小于干炭。
Activated carbons (ACs) with developed porosity are extensively used in many fields of people life. With the increasing pollution of environment, the demand for activated carbon is growing. The adsorptive capacities of ACs are associated with their internal porosity. Due to the large pore size and volume and the relatively high specific surface area, mesoporous activated carbons find many applications for loading catalysts or other chemicals. It shows better performance to be an electrode material in the electrochemical application, and is of potential usage in biomedical or biochemical applications. Presently, manufacture of mesoporous carbon materials have been received an increasing research interest.
A big problem facing human being is to find out an appropriate alternative fuel to release the pressure on petroleum demand. Natural gas is a clean fuel with relatively abundant resources. It was reported that much more methane would be stored in carbon in the presence of water. There is plenty of bamboo on the world and China. In this study, ACs of elatively high surface area and high mesopore portion were prepared from bamboo flotsams by H_3PO_4 activation. Electrochemical behavior of the capacitors using the prepared carbon as electrode material was tested. The capacitor shows relatively large capacitance and good charging/discharging property due to the improved pore condition for the double-layer formation. Experiments on methane sorption in the ACs showed that the sorption amount in wet ACs is much higher than that on the dry one. The enhancement mechanism was attributed to the formation of methane hydrate.
A serious problem of the world is the increasingly warmer weather of the earth. CO_2 emission is considered responsible for it. Therefore, it is necessary to study how CO_2 can be captured in order for sequestration or utilization. The bamboo-based ACs were tested for the separation potential of CO_2 from its mixture with CH4 and N2. Experiments on CO_2 sorption in the ACs showed that the sorption amount in wet ACs is larger than that in dry carbon, which was explained with the formation of CO_2 hydrate. Charging/discharging experiment of CO_2 onto/from wet carbon showed that CO_2 hydrate was formed in 100 min and the thermal effect of the process is much less than on dry ACs.
随着石油资源的日益匮乏,寻找一种合适的代用燃料成为当前的迫切任务。天然气的主要成份为甲烷,是一种储量丰富的清洁能源。人们将预吸附水的湿活性炭用于天然气存储,可大大提高天然气储量。在本论文的研究中,以毛竹为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备了具有较高比表面积和较大中孔体积的活性炭。考察了以竹质活性炭为电极材料的双电层电容器的性能,发现中孔的存在有利于电容器电容量的提高。将竹质活性炭用于甲烷存储方面的研究发现,湿活性炭材料的甲烷储量比干料储量有很大提高,在活性炭材料内有甲烷水合物生成。
大气“温室效应”与地球变暖是21世纪人类面临的最大环境问题。人类的生产、生活活动产生大量的二氧化碳并排放到大气,被认为是导致该现象的主要原因。因此对排放的CO2进行填埋或者回收利用是非常必要的。本文研究了活性炭材料对不同气体的吸附性能,以探讨其用于气体分离的可能性。实验考察了活性炭材料对二氧化碳的存储性能。研究发现,由于有二氧化碳水合物生成,湿活性炭材料的二氧化碳储量比干炭储量有很大提高。二氧化碳的充放气研究表明:湿活性炭存储不仅可有效提高二氧化碳的储量,而且充放气迅速。在不同充气压力下,大部分二氧化碳水合物的生成在100分钟内完成。充放气过程中湿活性炭上的热效应远远小于干炭。
Activated carbons (ACs) with developed porosity are extensively used in many fields of people life. With the increasing pollution of environment, the demand for activated carbon is growing. The adsorptive capacities of ACs are associated with their internal porosity. Due to the large pore size and volume and the relatively high specific surface area, mesoporous activated carbons find many applications for loading catalysts or other chemicals. It shows better performance to be an electrode material in the electrochemical application, and is of potential usage in biomedical or biochemical applications. Presently, manufacture of mesoporous carbon materials have been received an increasing research interest.
A big problem facing human being is to find out an appropriate alternative fuel to release the pressure on petroleum demand. Natural gas is a clean fuel with relatively abundant resources. It was reported that much more methane would be stored in carbon in the presence of water. There is plenty of bamboo on the world and China. In this study, ACs of elatively high surface area and high mesopore portion were prepared from bamboo flotsams by H_3PO_4 activation. Electrochemical behavior of the capacitors using the prepared carbon as electrode material was tested. The capacitor shows relatively large capacitance and good charging/discharging property due to the improved pore condition for the double-layer formation. Experiments on methane sorption in the ACs showed that the sorption amount in wet ACs is much higher than that on the dry one. The enhancement mechanism was attributed to the formation of methane hydrate.
A serious problem of the world is the increasingly warmer weather of the earth. CO_2 emission is considered responsible for it. Therefore, it is necessary to study how CO_2 can be captured in order for sequestration or utilization. The bamboo-based ACs were tested for the separation potential of CO_2 from its mixture with CH4 and N2. Experiments on CO_2 sorption in the ACs showed that the sorption amount in wet ACs is larger than that in dry carbon, which was explained with the formation of CO_2 hydrate. Charging/discharging experiment of CO_2 onto/from wet carbon showed that CO_2 hydrate was formed in 100 min and the thermal effect of the process is much less than on dry ACs.
引文
[1] S. J. Gregg and K. S. W. Sing. Adsorption,surface area and porosity.New York: Academic Press, 1982, 25-26
[2] Donnet J.B., The chemical reactivity of carbons, Carbon 1968, 6(2):161-176
[3]郑经堂,张引枝,王茂章,多孔碳材料的研究与开发,碳素技术,1995,(3):13-17
[4] Ahmadpour, A. and Do, D. D.,the preparation of active carbon from coal by chemical and physical activation, Carbon, 1996, 34(4): 471-479
[5] Wigmans, T.,industrial aspects of production and use of activated carbon, Carbon, 1989, 27(1), 13-22
[6]Jagtoyen, M., Thwaites, M., Stencel, J., McEnaney, B.and Derbyshire, F.,Adsorbent carbon synthesis from coals by phosphoric acid activation., Carbon, 1992, 30(7), 1089-1096
[7] M. J. Illan-Gomez, A. Garc?a-Garc?a, C. Salinas-Mart?nez de Lecea, and A. Linares-Solano., Activated Carbons from Spanish Coals. 2. ChemicalActivation. , Energy & Fuels, 1996,10(5):1108-1114
[8]Issa I. Salame and Teresa J. Bandosz. Comparison of the surface features of two wood-based activated carbon. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2000, 39(2): 301-306
[9] H. Benaddi, T. J. Bandosz, J. Jagiello, J. A. Schwarz, J. N. Rouzaud, D. Legras and F. Beguin. Surface functionality and porosity of activated carbons obtained from chemical activation of wood. Carbon, 2000, 38(5): 669-674
[10] G. A. R. Bessant and P. L. Walker. Activation of anthracite: using carbon dioxide versus air. Carbon, 1994, 32(6): 1171-1176
[11] 于晓东,张双全,唐志红,梁永平,配煤法制备活性炭的实验研究,洁净煤技术,2005,11(2):29-32
[12]申海平,严加松,丁宗禹,汪燮卿,石油沥青制备炭质催化剂载体的研究,2003,17(4):14-18
[13] A. G. Pandolfo, M. Amini-amoli and J. S. Killingley. Activated carbons prepared from shells of different coconut shell. Carbon, 1994, 32(5): 1015-1019
[14] J. Laine, S. Simoni and R. Calles. Preparation of activated carbon from coconut shell in a small scale cocurrent flow rotary kiln. Chem. Eng. Comm., 1991, 99(1): 15-23
[15] J. Laine and A. Calafat. Factors affecting the preparation of activated carbons from coconut shell catalized by potassium. Carbon, 1991, 29(7): 949-953
[16] 张晓昕,郭树才,邓贻钊,高表面积活性炭的制备, 材料科学与工程,1996,14(4):34-37
[17] J. Hayashi, T. Horikawa, I. Takeda, K. Muroyama and F. N. Ani. Preparing activated carbon from various nutshells by chemical activation with K2CO3. Carbon, 2002, 40(13): 2381-2386
[18] F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, M. Molina-Sabio and M. T. Gonzalez. The use of steam and CO2 as activating agents in the preparation of activated carbons. Carbon, 1995, 33(1): 15-23
[19] F. Suarez-Garcia, A. Martinez-Alonso and J. M. D. Tascon. Porous texture of activated carbons prepared by phosphoric acid activation of apple pulp. Carbon, 2001, 39(7): 1111-1115
[20]Chang Hun Yun, Yun Heum Park and Chong Rae Park. Effect of pre-carbonization on porosity development of activated carbons from rice straw. Carbon, 2001, 39(4): 559-567
[21] 杨绍斌, 胡浩权,大比表面积炭质吸附剂的表面及孔隙发展, 燃料化学学报,2000,28(5):473-477
[22] Hsin-Yu Liu,Kai-Ping Wang, Hsisheng Teng. A simplified preparation of mesoporous carbon and the examination of the carbon accessibility for electric double layer formation,Carbon ,2005,43(3):559-566.
[23] Hsisheng Teng and Sheng-Chi Wang. Preparation of porous carbons from phenol-formaldehyde resins with chemical and physical activation. Carbon, 2000, 38(6): 817-824
[24] Hsisheng Teng and Sheng-Chi Wang. Influence of oxidation on the preparation of porous carbons from phenol-formaldehyde resins with KOH activation. Ind. Eng. Res., 2000, 39(3): 673-678
[25] P. Ariyadejwanich, W. Tanthapanichakoon, K. Nakagawa, S. R. Mukai and H. Tamon. Preparation and characterization of mesoporous activated carbon from waste tires. Carbon, 2003, 41(1): 157-164
[26] H.Tamai, N. Katsu, K.Ono and H. Yasuda. Antibacterial activated carbons prepared from pitch containing organometallics. Carbon, 2001, 39(13): 1963-1969
[27] 解立平,林伟刚,扬学民.,城市固体有机废弃物制备中孔活性炭.过程工程学报,2002,2(5):465-469
[28] H. Kuhl, M. M. Kashani-Motlagh,H.J.Muhlen, K. H. van Heek. Controlled gasification of different carbon materials and development of pore structure. Fuel, 1992, 71(8): 879-882
[29] J. Pastor-Villegas, C.J. Duran-Valle. Pore structure of activated carbons prepared by carbon dioxide and steam activation at different temperatures from extracted rockrose. Carbon, 2002, 40(3): 397-402
[30]张双全,乐政,王祖讷,NP 型催化剂在制造活性炭中的作用机理,燃料化学学报,1999,27(5):389-393
[31] 李梦青,范壮军,周亚平,周理,椰壳炭制备高表面积活性炭活化方法比较,天津大学学报,2000,33(1): 44-47
[32] H. Marsh and B.Rand. The process of activation of carbons by gasification with CO2-Ⅱ. the role of catalytic impurities. Carbon, 1971, 9(1): 63-77
[33] 范壮军,物理法制备高比表面积活性炭工艺条件研究[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2000
[34] Grazyna Gryglewicz and Ewa Lorenc-Grabowska, Mesoporous activated carbons from Ca and Fe exchanged sub-bituminous and bituminous coals, Carbon 2004,42(3):688–691
[35]Tamai H, Kakii T, Hirota Y, Kumamoto T, Yasuda H. Synthesis of extremely large mesoporous activated carbon and its unique adsorption for giant molecules. Chem Mater 1996;8(2):454–462
[36]Liu Z, Ling L, Qiao W, Wu D, Liu L. Effects of various metals and their loading methods on the mesopore formation in pitchbased spherical activated carbons. Carbon 1999;37(8):1333–1335
[37]刘洪波,张红波,伍恢和,许世昭,王守昌,石油焦基高比表面积活性炭的制备,炭素技术,l997,(4):15-19
[38] Chien-ToHsieh,Hsisheng Teng. Influence of mesopore volume and adsorbate size on adsorption capacities of activated carbons in aqueous solutions,Carbon,2000,38(6):863-869
[39]Marsh H,Rand B,the process of activation of carbons by gasification with CO2-I.gasification of pure polyfurfuryl alcohol carbon,Carbon,1971,9(1):63-72
[40]Tamai, H.; Kakii, T.; Hirota, Y.; Kumamoto, T.; Yasuda, H. Synthesis of Extremely Large Mesoporous Activated Carbon and Its Unique Adsorption for Giant Molecules。Chem. Mater., 1996,8(2):454-462
[41] Hisashi Tamai, Junichi Ogawa, and Hajime Yasuda. Simple preparation and catalytic activity of Pd particles dispersed mesoporous carbons from poly (VDC/MA) containing Pd and Y compounds. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science ,2003,260 (2) :312–316
[42]Oya A,Yoshida S,Alcaniz-Monge J, Linares-Solano,formation of mesopores in phenolic resin-derivedcarbon fiber by catalytic activation using cobalt,Carbon,1995 33(8):1085-1090
[43] Cazorla-Amoros D, Ribes-Perez D,Roman-Martinez MC, A. Linares-Solano selective porosity development by calcium catalyzed carbon asification, Carbon,1996;34(7):869-878
[44] H.Tamon,K.Nakagawa,T.Suzuki,S.Nagano,Improvement of mesoporosity of activated carbons from PET by novel pre-treatment for steam activation. Carbon 1999,37(10):1643-1645
[45] Junichi Hayashi , Mikihito Uchibayashi , Toshihide Horikawa , Katsuhiko Muroyama , Vincent G. Gomes, Synthesizing activated carbons from resins by chemical activation with K2CO 3,Carbon,2002,40:2747-2752
[46]Lopez-Gonzalez JD,Martinez-Vilchez F,Rodriguez-,Reinoso F.,Preparation and characterization of active carbon from olive stones ,Carbon 1980;18(6):413-418
[47] M. Z. Hussein, R. S. H. Tarmizi, Z. Zainal, R. Ibrahim and M. Badri, Preparation and characterization of active carbon from oil palm shells.Carbon 1996;34(11):1447-1449
[48] Zhonghua Hu , M.P.Srinivasan,Yaming Ni., Novel activation process for preparing highly microporous and mesoporous activated carbons,Carbon 2001,39(6):877-886
[49] 张香兰,徐德平,陈清如,中孔炭的催化制备方法,炭素,2001,(2):22-25
[50] Yiannis A. Levendis and Richard C. Flagan,Synthasis,formation and characterization of micron-sized glassy carbon spheres of controlled pore structure ,Carbon.1989,27(2):265-283
[51] 张引枝,樊彦贞,贺福,王茂章,张碧江,炭黑添加剂对活性炭纤维中孔率的影响,炭素技术,1997,(6):5-l1
[52] J. Ozaki, N. Endo, W. Ohizumi, K. Igarashi, M. Nakahara and A. Oya,Novel preparation method for the production of mesoporous carbon fiber from a polymer blend,Carbon,l997,35(7):1031-1033
[53]蒋伟阳,张波,周斌,沈军,间苯二酚-甲醛有机气凝胶的结构控制研究,材料科学与工艺,1996,4(2):70-75
[54] Kamegawa K,Yoshida H,preparation and characterization of swelling porous carbon beads,Carbon,1997,35(5):631-639
[55] C. T. Kresge, M. E. Leonowicz, W. J. Roth, J. C. Vartuli , J. S. Beck. Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature,1992, 359(6397):710-712
[56]李青,曾昌凤,张利雄,徐南平,模板法制备丰富中孔炭材料的研究进展,化工进展,2003,22(12):1269-1273
[57] Ryong Ryoo, Sang Hoon Joo, and Shinae Jun. Synthesis of Highly Ordered Carbon Molecular Sieves via Template-Mediated StructuralTransformation. J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103(37):7743-7746
[58] Michal Kruk and Mietek Jaroniec. Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Carbons Synthesized Using MCM-48 Silicas asTemplates. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000, 104(33): 7960-7968
[59]Jia Guo and Aik Chong Lua. Preparation of activated carbons from oil-palm-stone chars by microwave-induced carbon dioxide activation. Carbon, 2000, 38(14): 1985-1993
[60] 张利波; 刘晓海; 彭金辉; 涂建华; 张世敏; 范兴祥; 郭胜惠,微波加热核桃壳制取活性炭及孔结构表征,化学工业与工程技术, 2006,27(4):18-21
[61]温斌,张芃,王琪,用于定容储存天然气的活性炭吸附剂的研制,北京化工大学学报,1998,25(4):76-80
[62]唐志红,朱文魁,张双全,磷酸法木质活性炭的研究现状,炭素技术,2004,23(1):44-48
[63]蒋应梯,麦秆用磷酸法制粉状活性炭的研究[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(6):31-33
[64]周学辉,潘祖耀,磷酸法木质活性炭生产技术探讨[J].林业科技开发,1998,(6):42-44
[65] 左宋林,倪传根,姜正灯,磷酸活化法制备棉秆活性炭的研究,林业科技开发,2005,19(4):46-47
[66] Badie S. Girgis, Abdel-Nasser A. El-Hendawy, Porosity development in activated carbons obtained from date pits under chemical activation with phosphoric acid.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2002,52 :105-117
[67] 张利波,彭金辉,张世敏,涂建华,范兴祥,郭胜惠,磷酸活化烟草杆制备中孔活性炭的研究,化学工业与工程技术,2006,27(2):1-5
[68] 符若文,汤丽鸳,黄爱萍,方明锋,徐志达,磷酸活化活性炭纤维的生产工艺及应用研究,新型炭材料,2001,16(3):6-11
[69] A.M. Puziy , O.I. Poddubnaya , A. Mart?nez-Alonso , F. Suarez-Garc?a , J.M.D. Tascon., Synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid.Carbon,2002,40(7):1507-1519
[70] A M Puziy, O. I .Poddubnaya,A Martynez-Alonso,F. Suarez-Garc?a, J.M.D. Tascon.,, Characterization of synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid, Applied Surface Science,2002,200:196-202
[71] Francisco Carrasco-Marín, Miguel A. Alvarez-Merino and Carlos Moreno-Castilla . Micro Porous Activated Carbons from a Bituminous Coa1.Fue1,1 996,75(8):966-970
[72] Toks C.Rimmera S,Hower J C.Production of Activated Carhons from a Washington Lignite Using Phosphoric Acid Activation . Carbon , 1996 ,34(11):1419-1426
[73]陈 糅,方智利,刘中华,万荣惠,用磷酸活化褐煤制备活性炭,煤炭科学技术,2004,32(11):55-58
[74] Christopher A. Toles, Wayne E. Marshall and Mitchell M. Johns.Surface Functional Groups on Acid Activated Nutshell Carbons.Carhon , 1999 ,37(8):l207-l2l4
[75] M. S. Solum, R. J. Pugmire, M. Jagtoyen and F. Derbyshire,Evolurion of Carbon Structure in Chemically Activated Wood.Carbon,1995,33(9):1247-1254
[76] J. Laine, A. Calafat and M. labady,The Preparation of Activated Carbon from Coconut Hu11 by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric Acid.Carbon,1989,27(2):191-195
[77] M. Molina-Sabio, F. RodRíguez-Reinoso, F. Caturla and M.J. Sellés.Porosity in Granular Carbon Activated with Phosphoric Acid.Carbon,1995,33(8):1105-1113
[78] A. M. Puziy, O. I. Poddubnaya, A. Martínez-Alonso, F. Suárez-García and J. M. D. Tascón.Synthetic Carbons Activated with Phosphoric Acid I:Surface Chemistrv and Ion Binding Properties.Carbon,2002,40(9):1493-1505
[79]胡淑宜,黄碧中,林启模,热分析法研究磷酸活化法的热解过程.林产化学与工业,1998,18(6):53-58
[80] Marit Jagtoyen,Frank Derbyshire.,Some considerations of the origins of porosity in carbons from chemically activated wood.Carbon,1993,31(7):1185-l192
[81]Marit Jagtoyen,Frank Derbyshire., Activated carbons from yellow poplar and white oak by H3PO4 activation,Carbon,1998,36(7-8):1085-1097
[82] 田艳红,付旭涛,吴伯荣,超级电容器用多孔碳材料的研究进展,电源技术,26(6):466-469
[83]孟庆函,张睿,李开喜,吕春祥,凌立成, 双电层电容器用中孔活性炭电极的电化学性能,功能材料,2002,33(6):628-630
[84] Li Zhou, Yan Sun and Yaping Zhou. Enhancement of the methane storage on activated carbon by pre-adsorbed water. AIChE, 2002, 48(10): 2412-2416
[85]乔文明,刘朗,高比表面积活性炭的研究与应用,新型碳材料,1996,11(1):25-31
[86] 陈诵英,彭步逸,催化剂和吸附剂孔径分布计算方法,石油炼制,1981,(8):22-27
[87] T.Otowa, Y.Nojima, T.Miyazaki. Development of KOH activated high surface area carbon and its application to drinking water purification. Carbon, 1997, 35(9): 1315-1319
[88] 乔文明,查庆芳,凌立成,刘朗,沥青基高比表面积活性炭吸附性能的研究,炭素技术,1994(3):1-5
[89] 常俊玲,刘洪波,张红波,左文兵,石油焦基高比表面积活性炭处理含铬废水的研究,炭素技术,2001,116(5):20-23
[90] Zhonghua Hu, Lin Lei, Yijiu Li, Yaming Ni. Chromium adsorption on high-performance activated carbons from aqueous solution, Separation and Purification Technology, 2003, 13(1): 13-18
[91]古可隆.活性炭的应用,林产化工通迅,1999,(4):37-40
[92]曲保雪,朱立红,芦春莲,刘军霞.活性炭的起源、发展及应用,河北林果研究,2002,17 (1):88-90
[93] W.S.Broecker,全球变暖:行动还是等待?,科学通报,2006,51(13):1489-1499
[94] 黄汉生, 温室效应气体二氧化碳的回收与利用,现代化工,2001,21(9):53-57
[95] 刘华兵,徐国文,张成芳,吴勇强,活化MDEA水溶液中二氧化碳溶解度, 华东理工大学学报,1999,25(3):242-246
[96] 毛松柏,叶 宁,肖九高,丁雅萍,朱道平,黄晓燕,低分压二氧化碳回收新技术的开发和应用,化学工业与工程技术,2004,25(3):12-15
[97] 毛松柏,叶 宁,丁雅萍,朱道平,烟道气中CO2回收新技术的开发和应用,煤化工,2005,(3):25-28
[98] 林刚,陈莉纯,温室气体CO2 的收集、存储与再利用,低温与特气,1999,(2):14-19
[99]张丽君,减少温室气体排放的重要手段---二氧化碳的地质储存,国土资源情报,2001,(12):6-14
[100] 李正清,陶鹏万,21 世纪天然气化工研究开发战略研讨,现代化工,2000, 20(3):1-10
[101]Zhong, Y., Raogers, R.E., Surfactant effects on gas hydrate formation, Chemical Engineering Science, 2000, 55(19): 4175-4187
[102] Starling, K.E., Ding, E.R., Harwell, J.H., and Mullinson, R.G., Method for improving Natural Gas Energy Density at Ambient Temperatures, Energy Fuels, 1995, 9 (6):1062-1064
[103]Horstkamp, S.W., Starling, K.E., Harwell, J.H., and Mullinson, High-energy Density Storage of Natural Gas in Light Hydrocarbon Solutions, Enviromental and Energy Engineering, 1997, 43(4): 1108-1113
[104] D. W. Davidson, M. A. Desando, S. R. Gough, Y. P. Handa, C. I. Ratcliffe, J. A. Ripmeester, J. S. Tse, A clathrate hydrate of carbon monoxide. Nature, 1987, 328 (30): 418-419
[105]Cady George H., Composition of Clathrate Gas Hydrates of H2S, Xe, SO2, Cl2, CH3Cl, CH3Br, CHClF2, CCl2F2 and C3H8, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1981, 87 (22): 4437-4441
[106]Van Berkum. J.G. and Diepen, G .A.M., Phase Equilibria in SO2 + H2O: the sulfur dioxide gas hydrate, two liquid phases and the gas phase in the temperature range 273 to 400K and at pressures up to 400 MPa. J. Chem. Thermodynamics. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1979, 11(4): 317-334.
[107]Englezos, P., N.Kalogerakis, P.D.Dholabhai and P.R.Bishnoi, Kinetics of Formation of methane and ethane gas hydrates, Chemical Engineering Science. 1987, 42 (11): 2647-2658.
[108]Cady George H., Composition of Bromine Hydrate, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1985, 89 (15): 3302-3304
[109] 张 美,天然气水合物的研究现状和前景,中山大学研究生学刊,2006,27(2):21-30
[110] Ohgaki, K., Takano, K., Sangawa, H., Matsubara, T., Nakano, S.,. Methane exploitation by carbon dioxide from gas hydrates phase equilibria for CO2-CH4 mixed hydrate system. J Chem Eng of Japan,1996,29(3),478-483
[111]Allen KW, Jeffrey GA. On the structure of bromine hydrate. Journal of Chemical Physics , 1963 , 38(9) : 2304-2305
[112]Ripmeester J A , Ratcliffe C. I. Xenon-129 NMR studies of clathrate hydrates: new guests for structure II and structure H,Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1990 , 94 ( 25) : 8773-8776
[113]胡春,裘俊红,天然气水合物的结构性质及应用,天然气化工,2000,25(4):48-52
[114]Dharma-Wardana M W C. Thermal conductivity of the ice polymorphs and the ice clathrates .Journal of Physical Chemistry,1983,87(21):4185-4190
[115]van del Waals J H , Platteeuw J C. Clathrate solutions .Advance in Chemical Physics,1959,(2):1-57
[116]Parrish W R , Prausnitz J M. Dissociation pressures of gas hydrates formed by gas mixtures.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and development,1972,11(1):26-35
[117]Ng H J , Robinson D B. The measurement and prediction of hydrate formation in liquid hydrocarbon-water systems.,Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals,1976,15(4) : 293-298
[118]Holder GD , Gorbin G, Papadopoulos KD. Thermodynamic and molecular properties of gas hydrates from mixtures containing methane , argon , and krypton.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals,1980,19(3): 282-286.
[119] Guang-Jin Chen, Tian-Min Guo, Thermodynamic modeling of hydrate formation based on new Concepts, Fluid Phase Equilibria,1996,122(1-2):43-65
[120]Vysniauskas, A. Bishnoi, P.R. A Kinetic Study of Methane Hydrate Formation, Chem. Eng. Sci.,1983, 38 (7): 1061-1072
[121]Englezos P., Kalogerakis N., Dholabhai P.D. and Bishnoi P.R., Kinetics of formation of methane and ethane gas hydrates, Chemical Engineering Science,1987 42(11): 2647-2658
[122]阎立军,陈光进,郭天民,活性炭中甲烷水合物的生成动力学,石油学报,2002,18(3):1-7
[123]Sloan.E.D.,Clathrate hydrates of natural gas(2nd ed),New York:Marcel Dekker. 1998,24-110
[124]Mori,Y.,Mochizuki,T.,Modeling of mass transport across a hydrate layer intervening between liquid water and guest fluid phase.,Second international symposium on gas hydrates,Toulouse,France,1996,267-274
[125]Vysniauskas, A. and P.R. Bishnoi, Kinetics of Ethane Hydrate Formation, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1985,40 (2): 299-303
[126]孙志高,马荣生,郭开华,樊栓狮,王如竹,表面活性剂对甲烷水合物储气特性影响的实验研究,西安交通大学学报,2003,37(7):723-725
[127] Gidalevitz, D.; Mindyuk, O. Y.; Heiney, P. A.; Ocko, B. M.; Henderson, P.; Ringsdorf, H.; Boden, N.; Bushby, R. J.; Martin, P. S.; Strzalka, J.; McCauley, J. P., Jr.; Smith, A. B.,Structure of discotic liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101 (50): 10870-10875
[128]Subramarian, S., Kini R.A., Dec S.F., Structural Transition studies in methane+ethane hydrates using Raman and NMR, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2000, 912(1): 873-886
[129]刘文倩,张启,吕灿仁.气体水合物蓄冷过程的特性研究.制冷学报,1998,(1):l6-21
[130] Selim M S , Sloan E D. Heat and mass transfer during the dissociation of hydrates in porous media. AICHE ,1989 ,35 (6) :1049-1052
[131]Kamath V A , Holder G D. Dissociation heat transfer characteristics of methane hydrates.,AICHE,1987 ,33 (2) :347-350
[132]Clarke, M.A., Bishnoi, P,R., Measuring and modeling the rate of decomposition of gas hydrates formed from mixtures of methane and ethane, Chemical Engineering Science, 2001, 56(16):4715-4724
[133]章春笋,樊栓狮,郭彦坤,郑新,一种新型天然气储存技术及其应用前景.能源工程,2002,(5):9-11
[134] Hisashi O. Kono, Sridhar Narasimhan, Feng Song and Duane H. Smith, Synthesis of Methane Gas Hydrate in A Porous Sediments and Its Dissociation by Depressurizing. Powder Techonogy,2002,122(2-3):239-246
[135]O.Ye.Zatsepina, B.A.Buffett. Experimental Study of the Stability of CO2-Hydrate in A Porous Medium. Fluid Phase Equililb,2001,192(1-2):85-102
[136] 陈海华,在湿活性炭上存储甲烷的充放气过程研究[硕士学位论文,天津:天津大学,2002
[137] Carl Zweben. Advances in composite materials for thermal management in electronic packaging.The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1998, 50(6):47–51
[138] Conway B . Transition from Supercapacit0r to Battery Behavior in Electrochemical Energy Storage.J Electrochem Soc,l99l,l38(6):l539-l548
[139]Hang S., Activated carbons and double layer capacitance , Electrochemica Acta.,1996,41(10):1633-1639
[140] Andy Rudge, John Davey, Ian Raistrick, Shimshon Gottesfeld and John P. Ferraris, Conducting polymers as active materials in electrochemical capacitors ,J.Power Sources,1994,47(1-2):89-107
[141]Mathieu Toupin, Daniel Belanger, Ian R. Hill, David Quinn.,Performance of experimental carbon blacks in aqueous supercapacitors.J Power Sources,2005,140(1):203-2l0
[142] Mukta S. Dandekar, Girish Arabale, K. Vijayamohanan, Preparation and charaeterization of composite electrodes of coconut-shell-based activated carbon and hydrous ruthenium oxide for supercapacitors . J Power Sources ,2005,141(1):198-203
[143]De Yang Q,Hang S,Studies of activated carbon used in double layer capacitors,J Power Sources,1998,74(1):99-107
[144] S. álvarez, M.C. Blanco-López, A.J. Miranda-Ordieres, A.B. Fuertes and T.A. Centeno, Electrochemical capacitor performance of mesoporous carbans obtained by templating technique.Carbon.2005.43(4):866-870
[145] Chien-To Hsieh and Hsisheng Teng.Influence of oxygen treatment on electric double layer capacitance of activated carbon fabrics.Carbon.2002,40(5):667-674
[146] 孟庆函,刘玲,宋怀河,凌立成, 超级电容器用复合炭极板电极的电化学性能.电源技术.2004.(7):405-407
[147] Yaping Zhou, Miao Dai, Li Zhou, Yan Sun and Wei Su.,Storage of Methane on Wet Activated Carbon: Influence of Pore Size Distribution,Carbon. 2004; 42(8-9): 1855-1858
[148] Liu XW, Zhou L, Li JW, Sun Y, Su W, Zhou YP. Methane Sorption on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon in the Presence of Water. Carbon. 2006; 44(8): 1386-1392
[149]I.Langmuir, The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica And Platinum,J.Am.Chem.Soc., 1918, 40(9):1361-1403
[150]S.Brunauer,P.H.Emmett,E.Teller, Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers ,J.Am.Chem.Soc,1938,60(2):309-319.
[151] F. Rouquerol, J. Rouquerol and K. Sing. Adsorption by powders and porous solids. London: Academic Press, 1999, 165-179
[152]Kenneth S. W. Sing. Adsorption methods for the characterization of porous materials . Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 1998,76-77( 1), 3-11
[153] M.Kruk, M. Jaroniec and J. Choma. Comparative analysis of simple and advanced sorption methods for assessment of microporosity in activated carbons. Carbon, 1998, 36(10): 1447-1458
[154] L. Diaz, R. Hernandez-Huesca and G.. Aguilar-Armenta. Characterization of the microporous structure of activated carbons through different approaches. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1999, 38(4): 1396-1399
[155] N. Setoyama, T. Suzuki and K. Kaneko. Simulation study on the relationship between a high resolution αs-plot and the pore size distribution for activated carbon. Carbon, 1998, 36(10): 1459-1467
[156] Aik Chong Lua, Jia Guo. Activated carbon prepared from oil palm stone by one-step CO2 activation for gaseous pollutant removal. Carbon, 2000, 38(7): 1089-1097
[157] A.Marcilla, S.Garcia-Garcia, M. Asensio, J.A.Conesa. Influence of thermal treatment regime on the density and reactivity of activated carbons from almond shells. Carbon, 2000, 38(3): 429-440
[158] 郭贤权,王补森,何炳林,压汞法研究大孔交换树脂和大孔吸附树脂的孔结构 V. 汞接触角和表面张力对孔结构的影响,离子交换与吸附,1990,6(2):87-92
[159] S. A. Korili and A. Gil. On the application of various methods to evaluate the microporous properties of activated carbons. Adsorption, 2001, 7(3): 249-264
[160] Cazorla-Amoros, J.Alcaniz-Monge, M.A.delaCasa-Lillo and A.Linares-Solano. CO2 as an Adsorptive To characterize carbon molecular sieve and activated carbons. Langmuir, 1998, 14(16): 4589-4596
[161] 苏伟,椰壳基微孔活性炭制备与表征研究[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2003
[162] A.D.Soule, C.A.Smith, Xiaoning, Yang and Cart T.Lira. Adsorption modeling with the ESD equation of state. Langmuir, 2001, 17(10): 2950-2957
[163] B.Rangarajan, Cart T.Lira and R.Subramanian. Simplified local density model for adsorption over large pressure ranges. AIChE, 1995, 41(4): 838-845
[164] R.Subramanian, H.Pyada and Cart T.Lira. An engineering model for adsorption of gases onto flat surfaces and clustering in supercritical fluids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34(11): 3830-3837
[165] R. J. Dombrowski, C. M. Lastoskie and D. R. Hyduke. The Horvath-Kawazoe method revisited. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2001, 187-188: 23-39
[166] L. S. Cheng and R. T. Yang. Predicting isotherms in micropores for different molecules and temperatures from a known isotherm by improved Horvath-Kawazoe equations. Adsorption, 1995, 1(3): 187-196
[167] S. U. Rege and R. T.Yang. Corrected Horvath-Kawazoe equations for pore-size distribution. AIChE, 2000, 46(4): 734-750
[168] 孙艳,储气材料及其储能性质的实验研究 [硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2001
[169]吴良如,论我国竹类植物环境的利用,竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(4):10-14
[170] Hsisheng,T, Tien-Sheng Y and Li-Yeh H., Preparation of activated carbon from bituminous coal with phosphoric acid activation. Carbon, 1998, 36(9):1387-1395
[171] L.Zhou,Progress and problems in hydrogen storage methods ,Renew.Sust. Energ.Rev. 2005,9(4):395-408
[172]近藤精一,石川达雄,安部郁夫著,李国希译,吸附科学,化学工业出版社,2001,32-33
[173] 沈曾民,张文辉,张学军编著,活性炭材料的制备与应用,北京,化学工业出版社,2006,158-159
[174] Hsisheng Teng, Yao-Jen Chang and Chien-To Hsieh,Performance of electric double·layer capacitors using carbons prepared from phenol formaldehyde resins by KOH etching., Carbon,2001,39(13):1981-1987
[175] 胡中华,万 翔,刘亚菲,赵国华, 改性活性炭双电层电容器电极材料研究,电子元件与材料, 2006,25(8):11-15
[176]李强,李开喜,王芙蓉,孙国华,针状焦基活性炭的制备及其作为EDLCs电极材料的电化学性能,新型炭材料,2005,20(4):335-342
[177] 张琳,李步广,刘洪波,张红波,何月德,酚醛树脂为原料制备双电层电容器用电极材料的工艺研究, 炭素技术, 2004,4(23):1-6
[178]Conway BE.,Electrochemical supercapacitors scienti.c fundamentals and technological application., New York,Kluwer/Plenum,1999,169-174
[179]庄新国,杨裕生; 杨冬平; 嵇友菊; 唐致远, 表面官能团对活性炭性能的影响,电 池, 2003,33(4):199-202
[180] Reck RA, Hoag KJ. A comparison of greenhouse gas mitigation options. Energy 1997;22(2–3):115–120
[181] Per Christer Lund, The effect of CO2-hydrates on deep ocean carbon dioxide deposition options Energy Convers. Mgmt., 1995, 36(6-9): 543-646
[182] Zhou L., Sun Y., Zhou Y.P., Hydrogen and methane sorption in dry andwater- loadedmultiwall carbon nanotubes,Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2005, 289 : 347–351
[183]周亚平,杨斌,气体超临界吸附研究进展,化学通报,2000,(9):8-13
[184]刘秀武,有序介孔材料吸附功能研究(博士学位论文),天津大学,2005
[185].[苏] С.Щ.贝克,Ю.Ф.马科冈,В.И.富米纳 著,化学科学博士С.Щ.贝克,主编,气体水化物,王梦舜译,石油工业出版社出版, 1987, 195-196
[186]Graydon K. Anderson, Enthalpy of dissociation and hydration number of carbon dioxide hydrate from the Clapeyron equation, J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 2003,35 :1171–1183
[187] S.-P. Kang, H. Lee and B.J. Ryu, Enthalpies of dissociation of clathrate hydrates of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, (carbon dioxide and nitrogen), and (carbon dioxide and nitrogen and tetrahydrofuran),J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 2001, 33: 513–521
[188]Xiuwu Liu, Jingwen Li, Li Zhou, Desheng Huang, Yaping Zhou.Adsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 on ordered mesoporous silica molecular sieve.Chemical Physics Letters, 2005,415:198–201
[189]Lee.H., Seo.Y., Seo.Y.T., Moudrakovski.I.L., Ripmeester.J.A., Recovering methane from solid methane hydrate with carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem. 2003,115: 5202–5205
[190] H. Teng, A. Yamasaki, M.K. Chun, H. Lee, Solubility of liquid CO2 in water at temperatures from 278 K to 293 K and pressures from 6.44 MPa to 29.49 MPa and densities of the corresponding aqueous solutions, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 1997 , 29 (11):1301–1310
[191]P. Servio, P. Englezos, Effect of temperature and pressure on the solubility of carbon dioxide in water in the presence of gas hydrate, Fluid Phase Equilibr. 2001 , 190(1-2):127–134
[192]Shahrzad Hashemi, Arturo Macchi, Sebastien Bergeron , Phillip Servio,Prediction of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in water in the presence of hydrate,Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2006,246(1-2):131–136
[193]马沛生,赵炳超,六对二元混合物水合物相平衡的测定和关联,石油化工,1997,26(10):680-686
[2] Donnet J.B., The chemical reactivity of carbons, Carbon 1968, 6(2):161-176
[3]郑经堂,张引枝,王茂章,多孔碳材料的研究与开发,碳素技术,1995,(3):13-17
[4] Ahmadpour, A. and Do, D. D.,the preparation of active carbon from coal by chemical and physical activation, Carbon, 1996, 34(4): 471-479
[5] Wigmans, T.,industrial aspects of production and use of activated carbon, Carbon, 1989, 27(1), 13-22
[6]Jagtoyen, M., Thwaites, M., Stencel, J., McEnaney, B.and Derbyshire, F.,Adsorbent carbon synthesis from coals by phosphoric acid activation., Carbon, 1992, 30(7), 1089-1096
[7] M. J. Illan-Gomez, A. Garc?a-Garc?a, C. Salinas-Mart?nez de Lecea, and A. Linares-Solano., Activated Carbons from Spanish Coals. 2. ChemicalActivation. , Energy & Fuels, 1996,10(5):1108-1114
[8]Issa I. Salame and Teresa J. Bandosz. Comparison of the surface features of two wood-based activated carbon. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2000, 39(2): 301-306
[9] H. Benaddi, T. J. Bandosz, J. Jagiello, J. A. Schwarz, J. N. Rouzaud, D. Legras and F. Beguin. Surface functionality and porosity of activated carbons obtained from chemical activation of wood. Carbon, 2000, 38(5): 669-674
[10] G. A. R. Bessant and P. L. Walker. Activation of anthracite: using carbon dioxide versus air. Carbon, 1994, 32(6): 1171-1176
[11] 于晓东,张双全,唐志红,梁永平,配煤法制备活性炭的实验研究,洁净煤技术,2005,11(2):29-32
[12]申海平,严加松,丁宗禹,汪燮卿,石油沥青制备炭质催化剂载体的研究,2003,17(4):14-18
[13] A. G. Pandolfo, M. Amini-amoli and J. S. Killingley. Activated carbons prepared from shells of different coconut shell. Carbon, 1994, 32(5): 1015-1019
[14] J. Laine, S. Simoni and R. Calles. Preparation of activated carbon from coconut shell in a small scale cocurrent flow rotary kiln. Chem. Eng. Comm., 1991, 99(1): 15-23
[15] J. Laine and A. Calafat. Factors affecting the preparation of activated carbons from coconut shell catalized by potassium. Carbon, 1991, 29(7): 949-953
[16] 张晓昕,郭树才,邓贻钊,高表面积活性炭的制备, 材料科学与工程,1996,14(4):34-37
[17] J. Hayashi, T. Horikawa, I. Takeda, K. Muroyama and F. N. Ani. Preparing activated carbon from various nutshells by chemical activation with K2CO3. Carbon, 2002, 40(13): 2381-2386
[18] F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, M. Molina-Sabio and M. T. Gonzalez. The use of steam and CO2 as activating agents in the preparation of activated carbons. Carbon, 1995, 33(1): 15-23
[19] F. Suarez-Garcia, A. Martinez-Alonso and J. M. D. Tascon. Porous texture of activated carbons prepared by phosphoric acid activation of apple pulp. Carbon, 2001, 39(7): 1111-1115
[20]Chang Hun Yun, Yun Heum Park and Chong Rae Park. Effect of pre-carbonization on porosity development of activated carbons from rice straw. Carbon, 2001, 39(4): 559-567
[21] 杨绍斌, 胡浩权,大比表面积炭质吸附剂的表面及孔隙发展, 燃料化学学报,2000,28(5):473-477
[22] Hsin-Yu Liu,Kai-Ping Wang, Hsisheng Teng. A simplified preparation of mesoporous carbon and the examination of the carbon accessibility for electric double layer formation,Carbon ,2005,43(3):559-566.
[23] Hsisheng Teng and Sheng-Chi Wang. Preparation of porous carbons from phenol-formaldehyde resins with chemical and physical activation. Carbon, 2000, 38(6): 817-824
[24] Hsisheng Teng and Sheng-Chi Wang. Influence of oxidation on the preparation of porous carbons from phenol-formaldehyde resins with KOH activation. Ind. Eng. Res., 2000, 39(3): 673-678
[25] P. Ariyadejwanich, W. Tanthapanichakoon, K. Nakagawa, S. R. Mukai and H. Tamon. Preparation and characterization of mesoporous activated carbon from waste tires. Carbon, 2003, 41(1): 157-164
[26] H.Tamai, N. Katsu, K.Ono and H. Yasuda. Antibacterial activated carbons prepared from pitch containing organometallics. Carbon, 2001, 39(13): 1963-1969
[27] 解立平,林伟刚,扬学民.,城市固体有机废弃物制备中孔活性炭.过程工程学报,2002,2(5):465-469
[28] H. Kuhl, M. M. Kashani-Motlagh,H.J.Muhlen, K. H. van Heek. Controlled gasification of different carbon materials and development of pore structure. Fuel, 1992, 71(8): 879-882
[29] J. Pastor-Villegas, C.J. Duran-Valle. Pore structure of activated carbons prepared by carbon dioxide and steam activation at different temperatures from extracted rockrose. Carbon, 2002, 40(3): 397-402
[30]张双全,乐政,王祖讷,NP 型催化剂在制造活性炭中的作用机理,燃料化学学报,1999,27(5):389-393
[31] 李梦青,范壮军,周亚平,周理,椰壳炭制备高表面积活性炭活化方法比较,天津大学学报,2000,33(1): 44-47
[32] H. Marsh and B.Rand. The process of activation of carbons by gasification with CO2-Ⅱ. the role of catalytic impurities. Carbon, 1971, 9(1): 63-77
[33] 范壮军,物理法制备高比表面积活性炭工艺条件研究[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2000
[34] Grazyna Gryglewicz and Ewa Lorenc-Grabowska, Mesoporous activated carbons from Ca and Fe exchanged sub-bituminous and bituminous coals, Carbon 2004,42(3):688–691
[35]Tamai H, Kakii T, Hirota Y, Kumamoto T, Yasuda H. Synthesis of extremely large mesoporous activated carbon and its unique adsorption for giant molecules. Chem Mater 1996;8(2):454–462
[36]Liu Z, Ling L, Qiao W, Wu D, Liu L. Effects of various metals and their loading methods on the mesopore formation in pitchbased spherical activated carbons. Carbon 1999;37(8):1333–1335
[37]刘洪波,张红波,伍恢和,许世昭,王守昌,石油焦基高比表面积活性炭的制备,炭素技术,l997,(4):15-19
[38] Chien-ToHsieh,Hsisheng Teng. Influence of mesopore volume and adsorbate size on adsorption capacities of activated carbons in aqueous solutions,Carbon,2000,38(6):863-869
[39]Marsh H,Rand B,the process of activation of carbons by gasification with CO2-I.gasification of pure polyfurfuryl alcohol carbon,Carbon,1971,9(1):63-72
[40]Tamai, H.; Kakii, T.; Hirota, Y.; Kumamoto, T.; Yasuda, H. Synthesis of Extremely Large Mesoporous Activated Carbon and Its Unique Adsorption for Giant Molecules。Chem. Mater., 1996,8(2):454-462
[41] Hisashi Tamai, Junichi Ogawa, and Hajime Yasuda. Simple preparation and catalytic activity of Pd particles dispersed mesoporous carbons from poly (VDC/MA) containing Pd and Y compounds. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science ,2003,260 (2) :312–316
[42]Oya A,Yoshida S,Alcaniz-Monge J, Linares-Solano,formation of mesopores in phenolic resin-derivedcarbon fiber by catalytic activation using cobalt,Carbon,1995 33(8):1085-1090
[43] Cazorla-Amoros D, Ribes-Perez D,Roman-Martinez MC, A. Linares-Solano selective porosity development by calcium catalyzed carbon asification, Carbon,1996;34(7):869-878
[44] H.Tamon,K.Nakagawa,T.Suzuki,S.Nagano,Improvement of mesoporosity of activated carbons from PET by novel pre-treatment for steam activation. Carbon 1999,37(10):1643-1645
[45] Junichi Hayashi , Mikihito Uchibayashi , Toshihide Horikawa , Katsuhiko Muroyama , Vincent G. Gomes, Synthesizing activated carbons from resins by chemical activation with K2CO 3,Carbon,2002,40:2747-2752
[46]Lopez-Gonzalez JD,Martinez-Vilchez F,Rodriguez-,Reinoso F.,Preparation and characterization of active carbon from olive stones ,Carbon 1980;18(6):413-418
[47] M. Z. Hussein, R. S. H. Tarmizi, Z. Zainal, R. Ibrahim and M. Badri, Preparation and characterization of active carbon from oil palm shells.Carbon 1996;34(11):1447-1449
[48] Zhonghua Hu , M.P.Srinivasan,Yaming Ni., Novel activation process for preparing highly microporous and mesoporous activated carbons,Carbon 2001,39(6):877-886
[49] 张香兰,徐德平,陈清如,中孔炭的催化制备方法,炭素,2001,(2):22-25
[50] Yiannis A. Levendis and Richard C. Flagan,Synthasis,formation and characterization of micron-sized glassy carbon spheres of controlled pore structure ,Carbon.1989,27(2):265-283
[51] 张引枝,樊彦贞,贺福,王茂章,张碧江,炭黑添加剂对活性炭纤维中孔率的影响,炭素技术,1997,(6):5-l1
[52] J. Ozaki, N. Endo, W. Ohizumi, K. Igarashi, M. Nakahara and A. Oya,Novel preparation method for the production of mesoporous carbon fiber from a polymer blend,Carbon,l997,35(7):1031-1033
[53]蒋伟阳,张波,周斌,沈军,间苯二酚-甲醛有机气凝胶的结构控制研究,材料科学与工艺,1996,4(2):70-75
[54] Kamegawa K,Yoshida H,preparation and characterization of swelling porous carbon beads,Carbon,1997,35(5):631-639
[55] C. T. Kresge, M. E. Leonowicz, W. J. Roth, J. C. Vartuli , J. S. Beck. Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature,1992, 359(6397):710-712
[56]李青,曾昌凤,张利雄,徐南平,模板法制备丰富中孔炭材料的研究进展,化工进展,2003,22(12):1269-1273
[57] Ryong Ryoo, Sang Hoon Joo, and Shinae Jun. Synthesis of Highly Ordered Carbon Molecular Sieves via Template-Mediated StructuralTransformation. J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103(37):7743-7746
[58] Michal Kruk and Mietek Jaroniec. Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Carbons Synthesized Using MCM-48 Silicas asTemplates. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000, 104(33): 7960-7968
[59]Jia Guo and Aik Chong Lua. Preparation of activated carbons from oil-palm-stone chars by microwave-induced carbon dioxide activation. Carbon, 2000, 38(14): 1985-1993
[60] 张利波; 刘晓海; 彭金辉; 涂建华; 张世敏; 范兴祥; 郭胜惠,微波加热核桃壳制取活性炭及孔结构表征,化学工业与工程技术, 2006,27(4):18-21
[61]温斌,张芃,王琪,用于定容储存天然气的活性炭吸附剂的研制,北京化工大学学报,1998,25(4):76-80
[62]唐志红,朱文魁,张双全,磷酸法木质活性炭的研究现状,炭素技术,2004,23(1):44-48
[63]蒋应梯,麦秆用磷酸法制粉状活性炭的研究[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(6):31-33
[64]周学辉,潘祖耀,磷酸法木质活性炭生产技术探讨[J].林业科技开发,1998,(6):42-44
[65] 左宋林,倪传根,姜正灯,磷酸活化法制备棉秆活性炭的研究,林业科技开发,2005,19(4):46-47
[66] Badie S. Girgis, Abdel-Nasser A. El-Hendawy, Porosity development in activated carbons obtained from date pits under chemical activation with phosphoric acid.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2002,52 :105-117
[67] 张利波,彭金辉,张世敏,涂建华,范兴祥,郭胜惠,磷酸活化烟草杆制备中孔活性炭的研究,化学工业与工程技术,2006,27(2):1-5
[68] 符若文,汤丽鸳,黄爱萍,方明锋,徐志达,磷酸活化活性炭纤维的生产工艺及应用研究,新型炭材料,2001,16(3):6-11
[69] A.M. Puziy , O.I. Poddubnaya , A. Mart?nez-Alonso , F. Suarez-Garc?a , J.M.D. Tascon., Synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid.Carbon,2002,40(7):1507-1519
[70] A M Puziy, O. I .Poddubnaya,A Martynez-Alonso,F. Suarez-Garc?a, J.M.D. Tascon.,, Characterization of synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid, Applied Surface Science,2002,200:196-202
[71] Francisco Carrasco-Marín, Miguel A. Alvarez-Merino and Carlos Moreno-Castilla . Micro Porous Activated Carbons from a Bituminous Coa1.Fue1,1 996,75(8):966-970
[72] Toks C.Rimmera S,Hower J C.Production of Activated Carhons from a Washington Lignite Using Phosphoric Acid Activation . Carbon , 1996 ,34(11):1419-1426
[73]陈 糅,方智利,刘中华,万荣惠,用磷酸活化褐煤制备活性炭,煤炭科学技术,2004,32(11):55-58
[74] Christopher A. Toles, Wayne E. Marshall and Mitchell M. Johns.Surface Functional Groups on Acid Activated Nutshell Carbons.Carhon , 1999 ,37(8):l207-l2l4
[75] M. S. Solum, R. J. Pugmire, M. Jagtoyen and F. Derbyshire,Evolurion of Carbon Structure in Chemically Activated Wood.Carbon,1995,33(9):1247-1254
[76] J. Laine, A. Calafat and M. labady,The Preparation of Activated Carbon from Coconut Hu11 by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric Acid.Carbon,1989,27(2):191-195
[77] M. Molina-Sabio, F. RodRíguez-Reinoso, F. Caturla and M.J. Sellés.Porosity in Granular Carbon Activated with Phosphoric Acid.Carbon,1995,33(8):1105-1113
[78] A. M. Puziy, O. I. Poddubnaya, A. Martínez-Alonso, F. Suárez-García and J. M. D. Tascón.Synthetic Carbons Activated with Phosphoric Acid I:Surface Chemistrv and Ion Binding Properties.Carbon,2002,40(9):1493-1505
[79]胡淑宜,黄碧中,林启模,热分析法研究磷酸活化法的热解过程.林产化学与工业,1998,18(6):53-58
[80] Marit Jagtoyen,Frank Derbyshire.,Some considerations of the origins of porosity in carbons from chemically activated wood.Carbon,1993,31(7):1185-l192
[81]Marit Jagtoyen,Frank Derbyshire., Activated carbons from yellow poplar and white oak by H3PO4 activation,Carbon,1998,36(7-8):1085-1097
[82] 田艳红,付旭涛,吴伯荣,超级电容器用多孔碳材料的研究进展,电源技术,26(6):466-469
[83]孟庆函,张睿,李开喜,吕春祥,凌立成, 双电层电容器用中孔活性炭电极的电化学性能,功能材料,2002,33(6):628-630
[84] Li Zhou, Yan Sun and Yaping Zhou. Enhancement of the methane storage on activated carbon by pre-adsorbed water. AIChE, 2002, 48(10): 2412-2416
[85]乔文明,刘朗,高比表面积活性炭的研究与应用,新型碳材料,1996,11(1):25-31
[86] 陈诵英,彭步逸,催化剂和吸附剂孔径分布计算方法,石油炼制,1981,(8):22-27
[87] T.Otowa, Y.Nojima, T.Miyazaki. Development of KOH activated high surface area carbon and its application to drinking water purification. Carbon, 1997, 35(9): 1315-1319
[88] 乔文明,查庆芳,凌立成,刘朗,沥青基高比表面积活性炭吸附性能的研究,炭素技术,1994(3):1-5
[89] 常俊玲,刘洪波,张红波,左文兵,石油焦基高比表面积活性炭处理含铬废水的研究,炭素技术,2001,116(5):20-23
[90] Zhonghua Hu, Lin Lei, Yijiu Li, Yaming Ni. Chromium adsorption on high-performance activated carbons from aqueous solution, Separation and Purification Technology, 2003, 13(1): 13-18
[91]古可隆.活性炭的应用,林产化工通迅,1999,(4):37-40
[92]曲保雪,朱立红,芦春莲,刘军霞.活性炭的起源、发展及应用,河北林果研究,2002,17 (1):88-90
[93] W.S.Broecker,全球变暖:行动还是等待?,科学通报,2006,51(13):1489-1499
[94] 黄汉生, 温室效应气体二氧化碳的回收与利用,现代化工,2001,21(9):53-57
[95] 刘华兵,徐国文,张成芳,吴勇强,活化MDEA水溶液中二氧化碳溶解度, 华东理工大学学报,1999,25(3):242-246
[96] 毛松柏,叶 宁,肖九高,丁雅萍,朱道平,黄晓燕,低分压二氧化碳回收新技术的开发和应用,化学工业与工程技术,2004,25(3):12-15
[97] 毛松柏,叶 宁,丁雅萍,朱道平,烟道气中CO2回收新技术的开发和应用,煤化工,2005,(3):25-28
[98] 林刚,陈莉纯,温室气体CO2 的收集、存储与再利用,低温与特气,1999,(2):14-19
[99]张丽君,减少温室气体排放的重要手段---二氧化碳的地质储存,国土资源情报,2001,(12):6-14
[100] 李正清,陶鹏万,21 世纪天然气化工研究开发战略研讨,现代化工,2000, 20(3):1-10
[101]Zhong, Y., Raogers, R.E., Surfactant effects on gas hydrate formation, Chemical Engineering Science, 2000, 55(19): 4175-4187
[102] Starling, K.E., Ding, E.R., Harwell, J.H., and Mullinson, R.G., Method for improving Natural Gas Energy Density at Ambient Temperatures, Energy Fuels, 1995, 9 (6):1062-1064
[103]Horstkamp, S.W., Starling, K.E., Harwell, J.H., and Mullinson, High-energy Density Storage of Natural Gas in Light Hydrocarbon Solutions, Enviromental and Energy Engineering, 1997, 43(4): 1108-1113
[104] D. W. Davidson, M. A. Desando, S. R. Gough, Y. P. Handa, C. I. Ratcliffe, J. A. Ripmeester, J. S. Tse, A clathrate hydrate of carbon monoxide. Nature, 1987, 328 (30): 418-419
[105]Cady George H., Composition of Clathrate Gas Hydrates of H2S, Xe, SO2, Cl2, CH3Cl, CH3Br, CHClF2, CCl2F2 and C3H8, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1981, 87 (22): 4437-4441
[106]Van Berkum. J.G. and Diepen, G .A.M., Phase Equilibria in SO2 + H2O: the sulfur dioxide gas hydrate, two liquid phases and the gas phase in the temperature range 273 to 400K and at pressures up to 400 MPa. J. Chem. Thermodynamics. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1979, 11(4): 317-334.
[107]Englezos, P., N.Kalogerakis, P.D.Dholabhai and P.R.Bishnoi, Kinetics of Formation of methane and ethane gas hydrates, Chemical Engineering Science. 1987, 42 (11): 2647-2658.
[108]Cady George H., Composition of Bromine Hydrate, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1985, 89 (15): 3302-3304
[109] 张 美,天然气水合物的研究现状和前景,中山大学研究生学刊,2006,27(2):21-30
[110] Ohgaki, K., Takano, K., Sangawa, H., Matsubara, T., Nakano, S.,. Methane exploitation by carbon dioxide from gas hydrates phase equilibria for CO2-CH4 mixed hydrate system. J Chem Eng of Japan,1996,29(3),478-483
[111]Allen KW, Jeffrey GA. On the structure of bromine hydrate. Journal of Chemical Physics , 1963 , 38(9) : 2304-2305
[112]Ripmeester J A , Ratcliffe C. I. Xenon-129 NMR studies of clathrate hydrates: new guests for structure II and structure H,Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1990 , 94 ( 25) : 8773-8776
[113]胡春,裘俊红,天然气水合物的结构性质及应用,天然气化工,2000,25(4):48-52
[114]Dharma-Wardana M W C. Thermal conductivity of the ice polymorphs and the ice clathrates .Journal of Physical Chemistry,1983,87(21):4185-4190
[115]van del Waals J H , Platteeuw J C. Clathrate solutions .Advance in Chemical Physics,1959,(2):1-57
[116]Parrish W R , Prausnitz J M. Dissociation pressures of gas hydrates formed by gas mixtures.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and development,1972,11(1):26-35
[117]Ng H J , Robinson D B. The measurement and prediction of hydrate formation in liquid hydrocarbon-water systems.,Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals,1976,15(4) : 293-298
[118]Holder GD , Gorbin G, Papadopoulos KD. Thermodynamic and molecular properties of gas hydrates from mixtures containing methane , argon , and krypton.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals,1980,19(3): 282-286.
[119] Guang-Jin Chen, Tian-Min Guo, Thermodynamic modeling of hydrate formation based on new Concepts, Fluid Phase Equilibria,1996,122(1-2):43-65
[120]Vysniauskas, A. Bishnoi, P.R. A Kinetic Study of Methane Hydrate Formation, Chem. Eng. Sci.,1983, 38 (7): 1061-1072
[121]Englezos P., Kalogerakis N., Dholabhai P.D. and Bishnoi P.R., Kinetics of formation of methane and ethane gas hydrates, Chemical Engineering Science,1987 42(11): 2647-2658
[122]阎立军,陈光进,郭天民,活性炭中甲烷水合物的生成动力学,石油学报,2002,18(3):1-7
[123]Sloan.E.D.,Clathrate hydrates of natural gas(2nd ed),New York:Marcel Dekker. 1998,24-110
[124]Mori,Y.,Mochizuki,T.,Modeling of mass transport across a hydrate layer intervening between liquid water and guest fluid phase.,Second international symposium on gas hydrates,Toulouse,France,1996,267-274
[125]Vysniauskas, A. and P.R. Bishnoi, Kinetics of Ethane Hydrate Formation, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1985,40 (2): 299-303
[126]孙志高,马荣生,郭开华,樊栓狮,王如竹,表面活性剂对甲烷水合物储气特性影响的实验研究,西安交通大学学报,2003,37(7):723-725
[127] Gidalevitz, D.; Mindyuk, O. Y.; Heiney, P. A.; Ocko, B. M.; Henderson, P.; Ringsdorf, H.; Boden, N.; Bushby, R. J.; Martin, P. S.; Strzalka, J.; McCauley, J. P., Jr.; Smith, A. B.,Structure of discotic liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101 (50): 10870-10875
[128]Subramarian, S., Kini R.A., Dec S.F., Structural Transition studies in methane+ethane hydrates using Raman and NMR, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2000, 912(1): 873-886
[129]刘文倩,张启,吕灿仁.气体水合物蓄冷过程的特性研究.制冷学报,1998,(1):l6-21
[130] Selim M S , Sloan E D. Heat and mass transfer during the dissociation of hydrates in porous media. AICHE ,1989 ,35 (6) :1049-1052
[131]Kamath V A , Holder G D. Dissociation heat transfer characteristics of methane hydrates.,AICHE,1987 ,33 (2) :347-350
[132]Clarke, M.A., Bishnoi, P,R., Measuring and modeling the rate of decomposition of gas hydrates formed from mixtures of methane and ethane, Chemical Engineering Science, 2001, 56(16):4715-4724
[133]章春笋,樊栓狮,郭彦坤,郑新,一种新型天然气储存技术及其应用前景.能源工程,2002,(5):9-11
[134] Hisashi O. Kono, Sridhar Narasimhan, Feng Song and Duane H. Smith, Synthesis of Methane Gas Hydrate in A Porous Sediments and Its Dissociation by Depressurizing. Powder Techonogy,2002,122(2-3):239-246
[135]O.Ye.Zatsepina, B.A.Buffett. Experimental Study of the Stability of CO2-Hydrate in A Porous Medium. Fluid Phase Equililb,2001,192(1-2):85-102
[136] 陈海华,在湿活性炭上存储甲烷的充放气过程研究[硕士学位论文,天津:天津大学,2002
[137] Carl Zweben. Advances in composite materials for thermal management in electronic packaging.The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1998, 50(6):47–51
[138] Conway B . Transition from Supercapacit0r to Battery Behavior in Electrochemical Energy Storage.J Electrochem Soc,l99l,l38(6):l539-l548
[139]Hang S., Activated carbons and double layer capacitance , Electrochemica Acta.,1996,41(10):1633-1639
[140] Andy Rudge, John Davey, Ian Raistrick, Shimshon Gottesfeld and John P. Ferraris, Conducting polymers as active materials in electrochemical capacitors ,J.Power Sources,1994,47(1-2):89-107
[141]Mathieu Toupin, Daniel Belanger, Ian R. Hill, David Quinn.,Performance of experimental carbon blacks in aqueous supercapacitors.J Power Sources,2005,140(1):203-2l0
[142] Mukta S. Dandekar, Girish Arabale, K. Vijayamohanan, Preparation and charaeterization of composite electrodes of coconut-shell-based activated carbon and hydrous ruthenium oxide for supercapacitors . J Power Sources ,2005,141(1):198-203
[143]De Yang Q,Hang S,Studies of activated carbon used in double layer capacitors,J Power Sources,1998,74(1):99-107
[144] S. álvarez, M.C. Blanco-López, A.J. Miranda-Ordieres, A.B. Fuertes and T.A. Centeno, Electrochemical capacitor performance of mesoporous carbans obtained by templating technique.Carbon.2005.43(4):866-870
[145] Chien-To Hsieh and Hsisheng Teng.Influence of oxygen treatment on electric double layer capacitance of activated carbon fabrics.Carbon.2002,40(5):667-674
[146] 孟庆函,刘玲,宋怀河,凌立成, 超级电容器用复合炭极板电极的电化学性能.电源技术.2004.(7):405-407
[147] Yaping Zhou, Miao Dai, Li Zhou, Yan Sun and Wei Su.,Storage of Methane on Wet Activated Carbon: Influence of Pore Size Distribution,Carbon. 2004; 42(8-9): 1855-1858
[148] Liu XW, Zhou L, Li JW, Sun Y, Su W, Zhou YP. Methane Sorption on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon in the Presence of Water. Carbon. 2006; 44(8): 1386-1392
[149]I.Langmuir, The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica And Platinum,J.Am.Chem.Soc., 1918, 40(9):1361-1403
[150]S.Brunauer,P.H.Emmett,E.Teller, Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers ,J.Am.Chem.Soc,1938,60(2):309-319.
[151] F. Rouquerol, J. Rouquerol and K. Sing. Adsorption by powders and porous solids. London: Academic Press, 1999, 165-179
[152]Kenneth S. W. Sing. Adsorption methods for the characterization of porous materials . Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 1998,76-77( 1), 3-11
[153] M.Kruk, M. Jaroniec and J. Choma. Comparative analysis of simple and advanced sorption methods for assessment of microporosity in activated carbons. Carbon, 1998, 36(10): 1447-1458
[154] L. Diaz, R. Hernandez-Huesca and G.. Aguilar-Armenta. Characterization of the microporous structure of activated carbons through different approaches. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1999, 38(4): 1396-1399
[155] N. Setoyama, T. Suzuki and K. Kaneko. Simulation study on the relationship between a high resolution αs-plot and the pore size distribution for activated carbon. Carbon, 1998, 36(10): 1459-1467
[156] Aik Chong Lua, Jia Guo. Activated carbon prepared from oil palm stone by one-step CO2 activation for gaseous pollutant removal. Carbon, 2000, 38(7): 1089-1097
[157] A.Marcilla, S.Garcia-Garcia, M. Asensio, J.A.Conesa. Influence of thermal treatment regime on the density and reactivity of activated carbons from almond shells. Carbon, 2000, 38(3): 429-440
[158] 郭贤权,王补森,何炳林,压汞法研究大孔交换树脂和大孔吸附树脂的孔结构 V. 汞接触角和表面张力对孔结构的影响,离子交换与吸附,1990,6(2):87-92
[159] S. A. Korili and A. Gil. On the application of various methods to evaluate the microporous properties of activated carbons. Adsorption, 2001, 7(3): 249-264
[160] Cazorla-Amoros, J.Alcaniz-Monge, M.A.delaCasa-Lillo and A.Linares-Solano. CO2 as an Adsorptive To characterize carbon molecular sieve and activated carbons. Langmuir, 1998, 14(16): 4589-4596
[161] 苏伟,椰壳基微孔活性炭制备与表征研究[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2003
[162] A.D.Soule, C.A.Smith, Xiaoning, Yang and Cart T.Lira. Adsorption modeling with the ESD equation of state. Langmuir, 2001, 17(10): 2950-2957
[163] B.Rangarajan, Cart T.Lira and R.Subramanian. Simplified local density model for adsorption over large pressure ranges. AIChE, 1995, 41(4): 838-845
[164] R.Subramanian, H.Pyada and Cart T.Lira. An engineering model for adsorption of gases onto flat surfaces and clustering in supercritical fluids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34(11): 3830-3837
[165] R. J. Dombrowski, C. M. Lastoskie and D. R. Hyduke. The Horvath-Kawazoe method revisited. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2001, 187-188: 23-39
[166] L. S. Cheng and R. T. Yang. Predicting isotherms in micropores for different molecules and temperatures from a known isotherm by improved Horvath-Kawazoe equations. Adsorption, 1995, 1(3): 187-196
[167] S. U. Rege and R. T.Yang. Corrected Horvath-Kawazoe equations for pore-size distribution. AIChE, 2000, 46(4): 734-750
[168] 孙艳,储气材料及其储能性质的实验研究 [硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2001
[169]吴良如,论我国竹类植物环境的利用,竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(4):10-14
[170] Hsisheng,T, Tien-Sheng Y and Li-Yeh H., Preparation of activated carbon from bituminous coal with phosphoric acid activation. Carbon, 1998, 36(9):1387-1395
[171] L.Zhou,Progress and problems in hydrogen storage methods ,Renew.Sust. Energ.Rev. 2005,9(4):395-408
[172]近藤精一,石川达雄,安部郁夫著,李国希译,吸附科学,化学工业出版社,2001,32-33
[173] 沈曾民,张文辉,张学军编著,活性炭材料的制备与应用,北京,化学工业出版社,2006,158-159
[174] Hsisheng Teng, Yao-Jen Chang and Chien-To Hsieh,Performance of electric double·layer capacitors using carbons prepared from phenol formaldehyde resins by KOH etching., Carbon,2001,39(13):1981-1987
[175] 胡中华,万 翔,刘亚菲,赵国华, 改性活性炭双电层电容器电极材料研究,电子元件与材料, 2006,25(8):11-15
[176]李强,李开喜,王芙蓉,孙国华,针状焦基活性炭的制备及其作为EDLCs电极材料的电化学性能,新型炭材料,2005,20(4):335-342
[177] 张琳,李步广,刘洪波,张红波,何月德,酚醛树脂为原料制备双电层电容器用电极材料的工艺研究, 炭素技术, 2004,4(23):1-6
[178]Conway BE.,Electrochemical supercapacitors scienti.c fundamentals and technological application., New York,Kluwer/Plenum,1999,169-174
[179]庄新国,杨裕生; 杨冬平; 嵇友菊; 唐致远, 表面官能团对活性炭性能的影响,电 池, 2003,33(4):199-202
[180] Reck RA, Hoag KJ. A comparison of greenhouse gas mitigation options. Energy 1997;22(2–3):115–120
[181] Per Christer Lund, The effect of CO2-hydrates on deep ocean carbon dioxide deposition options Energy Convers. Mgmt., 1995, 36(6-9): 543-646
[182] Zhou L., Sun Y., Zhou Y.P., Hydrogen and methane sorption in dry andwater- loadedmultiwall carbon nanotubes,Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2005, 289 : 347–351
[183]周亚平,杨斌,气体超临界吸附研究进展,化学通报,2000,(9):8-13
[184]刘秀武,有序介孔材料吸附功能研究(博士学位论文),天津大学,2005
[185].[苏] С.Щ.贝克,Ю.Ф.马科冈,В.И.富米纳 著,化学科学博士С.Щ.贝克,主编,气体水化物,王梦舜译,石油工业出版社出版, 1987, 195-196
[186]Graydon K. Anderson, Enthalpy of dissociation and hydration number of carbon dioxide hydrate from the Clapeyron equation, J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 2003,35 :1171–1183
[187] S.-P. Kang, H. Lee and B.J. Ryu, Enthalpies of dissociation of clathrate hydrates of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, (carbon dioxide and nitrogen), and (carbon dioxide and nitrogen and tetrahydrofuran),J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 2001, 33: 513–521
[188]Xiuwu Liu, Jingwen Li, Li Zhou, Desheng Huang, Yaping Zhou.Adsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 on ordered mesoporous silica molecular sieve.Chemical Physics Letters, 2005,415:198–201
[189]Lee.H., Seo.Y., Seo.Y.T., Moudrakovski.I.L., Ripmeester.J.A., Recovering methane from solid methane hydrate with carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem. 2003,115: 5202–5205
[190] H. Teng, A. Yamasaki, M.K. Chun, H. Lee, Solubility of liquid CO2 in water at temperatures from 278 K to 293 K and pressures from 6.44 MPa to 29.49 MPa and densities of the corresponding aqueous solutions, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 1997 , 29 (11):1301–1310
[191]P. Servio, P. Englezos, Effect of temperature and pressure on the solubility of carbon dioxide in water in the presence of gas hydrate, Fluid Phase Equilibr. 2001 , 190(1-2):127–134
[192]Shahrzad Hashemi, Arturo Macchi, Sebastien Bergeron , Phillip Servio,Prediction of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in water in the presence of hydrate,Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2006,246(1-2):131–136
[193]马沛生,赵炳超,六对二元混合物水合物相平衡的测定和关联,石油化工,1997,26(10):680-686
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |