神经甾体硫化孕烯醇酮对大鼠前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经元兴奋性突触传入的作用和机制
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摘要
神经甾体硫化孕烯醇酮对大鼠前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经元兴奋性突触传入的作用和机制
前额叶皮层内侧区是一个非常重要的脑区,很多实验已经证明前额叶皮层内侧区在认知、思维、记忆等高级脑功能活动中起着关键作用。前额叶皮层内侧区的中间神经元是该脑区功能的调控者,它不仅参与了上述高级认知功能的生理过程而且还涉及其病理机制,因此对中间神经元的功能调节很可能影响认知、思维、记忆等高级脑功能活动,另外也有可能在神经精神疾病以及兴奋性精神药物的成瘾等疾病的发病过程中起调节作用。
神经甾体是脑中重要的活性分子,对脑功能具有重要作用,在神经系统疾病中也具有重要作用。在神经甾体家族中,硫化孕烯醇酮(Pregnenolone sulfate,PREGS)的含量最丰富,活性最强。我们实验室的最新研究表明,PREGS酮对前额叶皮层内侧区锥体细胞的突触前的谷氨酸传入有显著作用。然而,PREGS对前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经元突触前的谷氨酸传入是否有作用,如果有作用那么对中间神经和锥体细胞的突触前作用相似还是不同,最终对动作电位产生的影响相似还是不同。为回答这些问题,本课题采用脑片全细胞膜片钳方法记录前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经微小兴奋性突触后电流(mEPSCs),首先研究PREGS对前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经元突触前的谷氨酸传入作用,分析其作用的受体机制及信号通路,并且进一步比较其与锥体细胞作用机制的差异;然后研究PREGS对中间神经元自发兴奋性突触后电流(sEPSCs)以及电刺激诱发兴奋性突触后电流(eEPSCs)的作用;最后研究这些兴奋性电流的变化对中间神经元动作电位的影响。
结果表明PREGS能够明显增加前额叶皮层中间神经元mEPSCs的频率,这个作用同对锥体细胞的作用相同,不同的是对于中间神经元σ_1受体拮抗剂能完全阻断PREGS的作用,而α_1受体拮抗剂却没有作用;并且σ_1受体激动剂能完全模拟PREGS的作用,而α_1受体激动剂不能模拟PREGS的作用,也不能影响σ_1受体激动剂的作用。而对于锥体细胞对σ_1受体拮抗剂部分阻断PREGS的作用,而α_1受体拮抗剂完全阻断PREGS的作用;并且α_1受体激动剂能部分模拟PREGS的作用,σ_1受体激动剂不能模拟PREGS的作用,α_1受体激动剂和σ_1受体激动剂联合作用能模拟PREGS的作用。PREGS的作用可被PKC拮抗剂完全阻断,而PKA拮抗剂没有阻断作用。以上结果说明PREGS增加中间神经元mEPSCs频率是通过σ_1受体而非α_1受体起作用的,细胞内途径是通过PKC而非PKA环节进行信号转导的。另外还发现PREGS作用于中间神经元,增加sEPSCs的频率和eEPSC的幅度。对中间神经元和锥体细胞动作电位的潜伏期比较研究显示,PREGS缩短了中间神经元动作电位产生的潜伏期,而延长了锥体细胞的潜伏期。
The medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) is a key component of the neural circuitries underlying higher cognitive processes,neuropsychiatric disorders and psychostimulant abuse.Interneurons represent fundamental modulatory elements for cortical function and are thought to be associated with physiological cortical functions underlying several cognitive tasks and some pathological phenomena.Therefore,the control or modulation of the activity of interneurons in mPFC is important in cognitive processes,neuropsychiatric disorders and psychostimulant abuse.
Neurosteroids are important molecules of brain,which involve in physiological cortical functions and some pathological phenomena.Pregnenolone sulfate(PREGS) is among the most abundant and the most active members of neurosteroids.Recent evidence from our laboratory showed that PREGS could modulate presynaptic glutamatergic inputs to pyramidal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex.However, whether PREGS has actions on presynaptic glutamatergic inputs to interneurons in mPFC or not remains unknown.If this effect exists,our further interest is that is there any difference on interneurons and pyramidal cells concerning the effects PREGS on presynaptic glutamate release,and finally on action potentials.Therefore,in the present paper we studied the effect of neurosteroid PREGS on presynaptic glutamate release in intemeurons of mPFC by examining the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents(mEPSCs) using whole-cell patch clamp method in slices and further studied its underlying mechanisms with a comparison with that in pyramidal cells of mPFC.And we also investigated whether PREGS has effects on spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents(sEPSCs),evoked excitatory postsynaptic current, (eEPSC) and action potential.
The results showed that PREGS had an increasing effect on the frequency of mEPSCs in the interneurons of mPFC.This effect is same as that in pyramidal cells. However,the mechanism of these increasing effects is different between interneurons and pyramidal cells.For intemeurons,σ_1 receptor antagonist can block the increasing effect completely,whereasα_1 receptor antagonist has no influence on it. Andσ_1 receptor agonist can mimic the increasing effect,whereasα_1 receptor agonist cannot.Moreover,α_1 receptor agonist has no influence on that effect ofσ_1 receptor agonist.By contrast,σ_1 receptor antagonist can partly block the increasing effect of PREGS,whereasα_1 receptor antagonist can block it completely.Andα_1 receptor agonist can partly mimic the increasing effect in pyramidal cells,whereasσ_1 receptor agonist cannot.Moreover,the combination ofα_1 receptor agonist andσ_1 receptor agonist can completely mimic the increasing effect in pyramidal cells. These data suggested that the effect of PREGS in intemeurons is only throughσ_1 receptor but notα_1 receptor.We found the pathway of transduction of intracellular signals under the effect of PREGS is only through PKC but not PKA by our further study.In addition,we also investigated the other effects of PREGS in interneurons. PREGS can enhance the frequency of sEPSCs and the amplitude of eEPSC,and shorten the latency of action potential in intemeurons,whereas lengthen that in pyramidal cells.
前额叶皮层内侧区是一个非常重要的脑区,很多实验已经证明前额叶皮层内侧区在认知、思维、记忆等高级脑功能活动中起着关键作用。前额叶皮层内侧区的中间神经元是该脑区功能的调控者,它不仅参与了上述高级认知功能的生理过程而且还涉及其病理机制,因此对中间神经元的功能调节很可能影响认知、思维、记忆等高级脑功能活动,另外也有可能在神经精神疾病以及兴奋性精神药物的成瘾等疾病的发病过程中起调节作用。
神经甾体是脑中重要的活性分子,对脑功能具有重要作用,在神经系统疾病中也具有重要作用。在神经甾体家族中,硫化孕烯醇酮(Pregnenolone sulfate,PREGS)的含量最丰富,活性最强。我们实验室的最新研究表明,PREGS酮对前额叶皮层内侧区锥体细胞的突触前的谷氨酸传入有显著作用。然而,PREGS对前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经元突触前的谷氨酸传入是否有作用,如果有作用那么对中间神经和锥体细胞的突触前作用相似还是不同,最终对动作电位产生的影响相似还是不同。为回答这些问题,本课题采用脑片全细胞膜片钳方法记录前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经微小兴奋性突触后电流(mEPSCs),首先研究PREGS对前额叶皮层内侧区中间神经元突触前的谷氨酸传入作用,分析其作用的受体机制及信号通路,并且进一步比较其与锥体细胞作用机制的差异;然后研究PREGS对中间神经元自发兴奋性突触后电流(sEPSCs)以及电刺激诱发兴奋性突触后电流(eEPSCs)的作用;最后研究这些兴奋性电流的变化对中间神经元动作电位的影响。
结果表明PREGS能够明显增加前额叶皮层中间神经元mEPSCs的频率,这个作用同对锥体细胞的作用相同,不同的是对于中间神经元σ_1受体拮抗剂能完全阻断PREGS的作用,而α_1受体拮抗剂却没有作用;并且σ_1受体激动剂能完全模拟PREGS的作用,而α_1受体激动剂不能模拟PREGS的作用,也不能影响σ_1受体激动剂的作用。而对于锥体细胞对σ_1受体拮抗剂部分阻断PREGS的作用,而α_1受体拮抗剂完全阻断PREGS的作用;并且α_1受体激动剂能部分模拟PREGS的作用,σ_1受体激动剂不能模拟PREGS的作用,α_1受体激动剂和σ_1受体激动剂联合作用能模拟PREGS的作用。PREGS的作用可被PKC拮抗剂完全阻断,而PKA拮抗剂没有阻断作用。以上结果说明PREGS增加中间神经元mEPSCs频率是通过σ_1受体而非α_1受体起作用的,细胞内途径是通过PKC而非PKA环节进行信号转导的。另外还发现PREGS作用于中间神经元,增加sEPSCs的频率和eEPSC的幅度。对中间神经元和锥体细胞动作电位的潜伏期比较研究显示,PREGS缩短了中间神经元动作电位产生的潜伏期,而延长了锥体细胞的潜伏期。
The medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) is a key component of the neural circuitries underlying higher cognitive processes,neuropsychiatric disorders and psychostimulant abuse.Interneurons represent fundamental modulatory elements for cortical function and are thought to be associated with physiological cortical functions underlying several cognitive tasks and some pathological phenomena.Therefore,the control or modulation of the activity of interneurons in mPFC is important in cognitive processes,neuropsychiatric disorders and psychostimulant abuse.
Neurosteroids are important molecules of brain,which involve in physiological cortical functions and some pathological phenomena.Pregnenolone sulfate(PREGS) is among the most abundant and the most active members of neurosteroids.Recent evidence from our laboratory showed that PREGS could modulate presynaptic glutamatergic inputs to pyramidal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex.However, whether PREGS has actions on presynaptic glutamatergic inputs to interneurons in mPFC or not remains unknown.If this effect exists,our further interest is that is there any difference on interneurons and pyramidal cells concerning the effects PREGS on presynaptic glutamate release,and finally on action potentials.Therefore,in the present paper we studied the effect of neurosteroid PREGS on presynaptic glutamate release in intemeurons of mPFC by examining the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents(mEPSCs) using whole-cell patch clamp method in slices and further studied its underlying mechanisms with a comparison with that in pyramidal cells of mPFC.And we also investigated whether PREGS has effects on spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents(sEPSCs),evoked excitatory postsynaptic current, (eEPSC) and action potential.
The results showed that PREGS had an increasing effect on the frequency of mEPSCs in the interneurons of mPFC.This effect is same as that in pyramidal cells. However,the mechanism of these increasing effects is different between interneurons and pyramidal cells.For intemeurons,σ_1 receptor antagonist can block the increasing effect completely,whereasα_1 receptor antagonist has no influence on it. Andσ_1 receptor agonist can mimic the increasing effect,whereasα_1 receptor agonist cannot.Moreover,α_1 receptor agonist has no influence on that effect ofσ_1 receptor agonist.By contrast,σ_1 receptor antagonist can partly block the increasing effect of PREGS,whereasα_1 receptor antagonist can block it completely.Andα_1 receptor agonist can partly mimic the increasing effect in pyramidal cells,whereasσ_1 receptor agonist cannot.Moreover,the combination ofα_1 receptor agonist andσ_1 receptor agonist can completely mimic the increasing effect in pyramidal cells. These data suggested that the effect of PREGS in intemeurons is only throughσ_1 receptor but notα_1 receptor.We found the pathway of transduction of intracellular signals under the effect of PREGS is only through PKC but not PKA by our further study.In addition,we also investigated the other effects of PREGS in interneurons. PREGS can enhance the frequency of sEPSCs and the amplitude of eEPSC,and shorten the latency of action potential in intemeurons,whereas lengthen that in pyramidal cells.
引文
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