采空区架空输电线路安全性评估及预防技术研究
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摘要
针对日益增加的采空区及其对架空输电线路危害开展系统的研究,分别对采空区勘探技术、地基变形和沉陷规律,由此而产生的电线应力、电气距离的变化,以及对电线振动与疲劳寿命的影响进行了深入研究。提出了架空线路的导线、避雷线安全性评估的方法,制定出了安全性评估标准、安全性预防技术。
通过勘探技术研究,在理论上成功研究了m×n矩阵的测量数据反演理论计算方法,为采空区高密度电法准三维勘探技术研究提供了理论依据,解决了二维结构剖面不能提供采空区空间分布的问题。
在采空区架空输电线路研究领域,首次应用力学分析和计算方法,系统、定量地研究了采空区围岩变形规律,对“三带理论”进行了定量论述,建立了宏观规律与定量预测之间的联系。其中,将弹塑性本构模型求解方法应用于工程计算,克服了广泛应用的物理力学模型计算过于复杂、数学模型不能反映岩体物理力学本质的缺点。深入研究地基变形与地质结构、覆岩参数、采矿规模、开采方式和顶板管理等影响因素的关系,对定量描述影响因数进行了敏感度分析,得出了对地表沉降位移量的影响程度依次为:煤层厚度、煤层深度、弹性模量、内聚力和摩擦角。
以耐张段为研究单元,深入研究了空输电线路受地基变形影响杆塔基础、杆塔受力变形,架空线的应力和弧垂的变化,以及由此引起的导线对地和杆塔电气距离的变化规律。得出:(1)垂直下沉一般下降高度略大于垂直下沉的50%;(2)水平位移对杆塔附加力很大,直线杆塔对架空线水平张力影响也很大,附加力最大的作用是移动杆塔,离位移杆塔越远越小,作用于架空线附加力主要集中在相临5档内,对耐张、转角、终端等承力杆塔影响较大;(3)倾斜对直线杆塔对架空线张力影响不大;对耐张、转角、终端等承力杆塔影响较大,对杆塔稳定性影响较大;(4)地基曲率变化对杆塔影响较大。
针对采空区地基变形对架空输电线路线路电线应力影响,以及内蒙古地区多沙漠和草原的地形和气候特点,进行了导线、避雷线应力变化对疲劳寿命的现场试验,得出了多微风气候条件下的开阔地区架空电线阻尼线防振优于防振锤防振效果,应力严重影响电线疲劳寿命,通过对松弛电线经济性与安全性对比,得出在北方内陆的低温多微风气候条件下的平坦阔地区架空电线适度松弛。建议线路设计平均温度的选取应考虑。
以上述研究成果为依据,提出了采空区运行架空输电线路电线安全性评估标准和针对采空区线路出现的各种破坏提出一系列相应的改造措施,其中包括“连续可调联体梁基础”、“带电更换任意段技术”和“电杆裂纹带电修补技术”等阶段性研究成果。以上研究成果在乌海采空区220KV伊临线#48～#50的改造工程得到了验证,表明了本研究的重大工程应用价值。
In the light of the research of the empty mining district increasing and the danger of the transmission lines of electricity, research have deeply done on exploring technology of the empty mining district, the law of rock body deforming and earth surface sinking, geological and mining factors influencing on the earth surface movement, transforming technology of overhead transmission lines of electricity.
Through exploring technical research, a m×n matrix measure data computing method has been researched in theory successfully, which provides theoretical foundation for the high density electricity method to explore in rough three-dimensions, and which solves the problem that two-dimensional structure section cannot provide the space distribution of the empty mining district.
In the research field of overhead transmission lines of electricity on empty mining district, mechanics analysis and computing technology has been initially applied, the law of rock body deformation in the empty mining district has been studied systematically and quantitatively,“three area theory”has been expounded quantitatively, and the connection between macroscopic law and quantitative prediction has been established. Among them, elasticity and plasticity model method is applied into engineering calculation to overcome the shortcoming that physical model used extensively is too complicated while mathematical model cannot reflect the rock body’s physical mechanics essentially.
The impact geological and mining factors on earth surface movement is investigated further, indicates: (1) Vertical sink and horizontal displacement is in inverse proportion to elastic mould amount E, and increasing obviously as cohesive force C and friction angle ? reduced. (2) The factors, such as coal seam inclination, exploiting depth and width, exploiting size, repeatedly exploiting influence, exploiting mode, etc., have conspicuous effect on the earth's surface deformation. Through susceptibility analysis on quantitative description influence factors, the influencing degree that effect on earth surface subside displacement can be gained: thickness of coal seam, depth of coal seam, elastic mould amount, cohesive force and angle of friction.
Through the transforming technical research on the overhead transmission lines of electricity on empty district, the following are drawn: (1) Vertical sink descent altitude is generally slight more than half of vertical sinks; (2) The additional force out of horizontal displacement to tower pole is very big, and horizontal tension influence out of straight pole tower to overhead transmission line of electricity is big too, the biggest function of additional force is moving pole tower, the additional force acting on overhead transmission lines of electricity is mainly concentrated no more than 5 shelf closed, and it have great impact on the pole tower, such as tensional, corner, terminal pole towers and so on; (3) Slope has little effect on tension of overhead transmission lines of electricity, such as straight pole tower, great effect on bearable pole tower such as tensional, corner, terminal pole towers and so on. According to the research above, preliminary differentiate standard of the empty mining district operating overhead transmission lines of electricity has been adopted, and in the light of all kinds of destruction of the empty mining district, a series of according transforming measures have been adopted, including phased research results, such as“adjustable conjunctional roof beam foundation in succession”and“the section replacement electrification”.
The research results mentioned above have been proved in the 220KV Yilin line #48~#50 improvement project in Wuhai quarry empty district, it shows the great applicable value.
通过勘探技术研究,在理论上成功研究了m×n矩阵的测量数据反演理论计算方法,为采空区高密度电法准三维勘探技术研究提供了理论依据,解决了二维结构剖面不能提供采空区空间分布的问题。
在采空区架空输电线路研究领域,首次应用力学分析和计算方法,系统、定量地研究了采空区围岩变形规律,对“三带理论”进行了定量论述,建立了宏观规律与定量预测之间的联系。其中,将弹塑性本构模型求解方法应用于工程计算,克服了广泛应用的物理力学模型计算过于复杂、数学模型不能反映岩体物理力学本质的缺点。深入研究地基变形与地质结构、覆岩参数、采矿规模、开采方式和顶板管理等影响因素的关系,对定量描述影响因数进行了敏感度分析,得出了对地表沉降位移量的影响程度依次为:煤层厚度、煤层深度、弹性模量、内聚力和摩擦角。
以耐张段为研究单元,深入研究了空输电线路受地基变形影响杆塔基础、杆塔受力变形,架空线的应力和弧垂的变化,以及由此引起的导线对地和杆塔电气距离的变化规律。得出:(1)垂直下沉一般下降高度略大于垂直下沉的50%;(2)水平位移对杆塔附加力很大,直线杆塔对架空线水平张力影响也很大,附加力最大的作用是移动杆塔,离位移杆塔越远越小,作用于架空线附加力主要集中在相临5档内,对耐张、转角、终端等承力杆塔影响较大;(3)倾斜对直线杆塔对架空线张力影响不大;对耐张、转角、终端等承力杆塔影响较大,对杆塔稳定性影响较大;(4)地基曲率变化对杆塔影响较大。
针对采空区地基变形对架空输电线路线路电线应力影响,以及内蒙古地区多沙漠和草原的地形和气候特点,进行了导线、避雷线应力变化对疲劳寿命的现场试验,得出了多微风气候条件下的开阔地区架空电线阻尼线防振优于防振锤防振效果,应力严重影响电线疲劳寿命,通过对松弛电线经济性与安全性对比,得出在北方内陆的低温多微风气候条件下的平坦阔地区架空电线适度松弛。建议线路设计平均温度的选取应考虑。
以上述研究成果为依据,提出了采空区运行架空输电线路电线安全性评估标准和针对采空区线路出现的各种破坏提出一系列相应的改造措施,其中包括“连续可调联体梁基础”、“带电更换任意段技术”和“电杆裂纹带电修补技术”等阶段性研究成果。以上研究成果在乌海采空区220KV伊临线#48～#50的改造工程得到了验证,表明了本研究的重大工程应用价值。
In the light of the research of the empty mining district increasing and the danger of the transmission lines of electricity, research have deeply done on exploring technology of the empty mining district, the law of rock body deforming and earth surface sinking, geological and mining factors influencing on the earth surface movement, transforming technology of overhead transmission lines of electricity.
Through exploring technical research, a m×n matrix measure data computing method has been researched in theory successfully, which provides theoretical foundation for the high density electricity method to explore in rough three-dimensions, and which solves the problem that two-dimensional structure section cannot provide the space distribution of the empty mining district.
In the research field of overhead transmission lines of electricity on empty mining district, mechanics analysis and computing technology has been initially applied, the law of rock body deformation in the empty mining district has been studied systematically and quantitatively,“three area theory”has been expounded quantitatively, and the connection between macroscopic law and quantitative prediction has been established. Among them, elasticity and plasticity model method is applied into engineering calculation to overcome the shortcoming that physical model used extensively is too complicated while mathematical model cannot reflect the rock body’s physical mechanics essentially.
The impact geological and mining factors on earth surface movement is investigated further, indicates: (1) Vertical sink and horizontal displacement is in inverse proportion to elastic mould amount E, and increasing obviously as cohesive force C and friction angle ? reduced. (2) The factors, such as coal seam inclination, exploiting depth and width, exploiting size, repeatedly exploiting influence, exploiting mode, etc., have conspicuous effect on the earth's surface deformation. Through susceptibility analysis on quantitative description influence factors, the influencing degree that effect on earth surface subside displacement can be gained: thickness of coal seam, depth of coal seam, elastic mould amount, cohesive force and angle of friction.
Through the transforming technical research on the overhead transmission lines of electricity on empty district, the following are drawn: (1) Vertical sink descent altitude is generally slight more than half of vertical sinks; (2) The additional force out of horizontal displacement to tower pole is very big, and horizontal tension influence out of straight pole tower to overhead transmission line of electricity is big too, the biggest function of additional force is moving pole tower, the additional force acting on overhead transmission lines of electricity is mainly concentrated no more than 5 shelf closed, and it have great impact on the pole tower, such as tensional, corner, terminal pole towers and so on; (3) Slope has little effect on tension of overhead transmission lines of electricity, such as straight pole tower, great effect on bearable pole tower such as tensional, corner, terminal pole towers and so on. According to the research above, preliminary differentiate standard of the empty mining district operating overhead transmission lines of electricity has been adopted, and in the light of all kinds of destruction of the empty mining district, a series of according transforming measures have been adopted, including phased research results, such as“adjustable conjunctional roof beam foundation in succession”and“the section replacement electrification”.
The research results mentioned above have been proved in the 220KV Yilin line #48~#50 improvement project in Wuhai quarry empty district, it shows the great applicable value.
引文
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