印染废水处理机理与技术研究
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摘要
为了提高印染废水的处理效率,本研究提出了一套新的研究思路及工艺,即在常规的处理技术基础上,使其功能集约化,将复杂的印染废水处理工艺缩合成“综合池+反应器”技术。首先将印染废水中的染料按其水溶性分为亲水性和疏水性两大类。在亲水性染料中选取具有代表性的活性染料2种、直接染料2种、酸性染料2种以相同的条件进行配水,以相同的实验条件采用该技术进行实验研究,并找出最佳反应条件及参数。然后,在疏水性染料中选取分散性染料2种、硫化染料1种进行混凝实验,对混凝剂的种类及投加量分别进行了实验确定,最后利用该技术和染料配水实验所得的参数,对两类具有代表性的实际印染生产废水进行了实验研究及工程实例分析。
使用该技术对活性染料配水、直接染料配水和酸性染料配水实验结果表明,在综合池中:FeSO4的投加量为30 mg/L,最佳停留时间有所不同,三种染料配水的最佳停留时间依次为7h、8h和9h,COD去除率依次为48.7%、47.4%、43.2%,色度的去除率依次为52.3%、52.6%、51.9%。在2～9h内,三种染料配水的pH值均随HRT的延长而逐渐降低。在反应器中:三种染料配水的最佳停留时间为6～8h,COD去除率依次为65.6%、68.4%、64%,色度的去除率依次为74.5%、74.7%、76.3%。疏水性染料的混凝实验结果表明,复合混凝剂对COD与色度的去除效果明显好于PAC和PFS,因此,复合混凝剂是本次实验的首选。当原水COD为832.3～876.0mg/L、色度为804～820倍时,对分散红配水和分散蓝配水,复合混凝剂的最佳投加量均为200mg/L,而对硫化黑配水,复合混凝剂的最佳投加量均为150mg/L。复合混凝剂对三种疏水性染料的去除效果由好到坏的顺序依次是硫化黑配水(对COD的去除率为63.1%,对色度的去除率为89.0%)、分散蓝配水(对COD的去除率为47%,对色度的去除率为79.8%)、分散红配水(对COD的去除率为43.3%,对色度的去除率为75.0%)。采用该技术对实际生产废水的实验结果表明,以活性染料为主的印染废水当进水的COD平均值为630.7mg/L、色度平均值为397.1倍时,出水的COD平均值为79.9mg/L、色度平均值为38.2倍。以分散染料为主的印染废水,当进水的COD平均值为966.6mg/L、色度平均值为455.9倍时,出水的COD平均值为89.4mg/L、色度平均值为31.4倍。通过工程实例分析得出,该技术是实际可行的。
本研究是将印染废水按亲水性和疏水性加以分类研究,其创新在于,在综合池中加入硫酸亚铁,在溶解氧小于0.5mg/L条件下,使其在产生水解酸化作用的同时,产生Fe2+与水溶性的染料等污染物质络合反应和还原反应,同时,铁离子参与了生化反应,对生化反应起到催化和促进作用。将铁的水解产物产生的化学絮凝作用同生物絮凝、生物化学作用有机结合在一起,在短时间内显著地增加了COD和色度的去除率,并提高了染料废水的可生化性,为后续的好氧生物处理创造了有利条件,提高了生物处理效率。简化了工艺形式,将传统的物理+化学+生物分别在不同的单元进行简化为“综合池+反应器”技术,该技术工艺简短,处理效率高,可广泛应用于印染废水的处理。
In order to improve the treatment efficiency of dying and print wastewater, a new idea and technology were introduced in this thesis, that are, based on the traditional treatment technologies, integrating the different functions into a comprehensive system by the process of the comprehensive tank plus reaction tank, At first, the dyes were categorized according to water affinity and hydrophobicity. the every two kinds of active dye、directive dye and acid dye among the affinity dyes were chosen to do distribution experiments, in order to obtain the optimism reaction condition and parameter, the experiments were done by using the process of comprehensive tank plus reaction tank. Meanwhile the two kinds of dispersed dyes and one kind of sulfur dye among the hydrophobicity were chosen to do coagulation experiments, in order to obtain optimism coagulant and dosing amount. Finally, the two kinds of typical dying and print wastewater were chosen to do the experiments with the optimism parameter which were obtained by experiments, in the end, there were cases studies to be discussed.
The experiments results of active dyes、directive dyes and sulfur dyes indicated that the optimism amount of FeSO4 is 30mg/l, and the optimism detention period in comprehensive tank are 7h、8h、9h respectively, the removal rate of COD are 48.7%、47.4% 43.2% respectively, the removal rate of chromaticity color are 52.3%、52.6% and 51.9% respectively. PH are decreasing with HRT period. In the reaction tank, the optimize detention period is 6-8h, the removal rate of COD are 65.6%、68.4% and 64% respectively, the removal rate of chromaticity color are 74.5%、74.7% and 76.3% respectively.
The experiments results of hydrophobicity dyes indicated that the mixed coagulant is the optimism coagulant and when COD and chromaticity color of wastewater are 832.3-876.0 mg/l and 804-820 times, the optimism dosing amount is 200mg/l in both dispersed red dye and dispersed blue dye distribution, but in the sulfur black dye distribution, the optimism dosing amount is 150mg/l, the sequence of treatment efficiency are sulfur dye distribution better than dispersed blue dye better than dispersed red dye.
The experiments results of wastewater treatment of active dyes from manufacturing indicated that the COD and chromaticity color of the outlet are 79.9mg/l and 38.2 times respectively when the COD and chromaticity color of the inlet are 630.7mg/l and 397.1 times respectively. Meanwhile, The experiments results of wastewater treatment of dispersed dyes from manufacturing indicated that the COD and chromaticity color of the outlet are 89.4mg/l and 31.4 times respectively when the COD and chromaticity color of the inlet are 966.6mg/l and 455.9times respectively. By the case study discussions, the results showed that the process of comprehensive tank plus reaction tank is a practicable treatment method.
The feature of the study is that the water affinity and hydrophobicity of dye were categorized, and the innovation points of the study are: in the comprehensive tank, Fe2+ was adding into the system, when the DO is less than 0.5mg/l, the hydrolytic action was going and the complexation reaction and reaeration reaction were going as well between Fe2+ and dyes. In the meantime, Fe2+took part in the biological reaction, so the multifunction of hydrolytic、chemical coagulation and biological reaction were conducted, in the very short period, the removal rate of COD and chromaticity color were improved significantly.
A kind of effective and practicable treatment method was given in the study for the treatment of dying and print manufacturing wastewater.
使用该技术对活性染料配水、直接染料配水和酸性染料配水实验结果表明,在综合池中:FeSO4的投加量为30 mg/L,最佳停留时间有所不同,三种染料配水的最佳停留时间依次为7h、8h和9h,COD去除率依次为48.7%、47.4%、43.2%,色度的去除率依次为52.3%、52.6%、51.9%。在2～9h内,三种染料配水的pH值均随HRT的延长而逐渐降低。在反应器中:三种染料配水的最佳停留时间为6～8h,COD去除率依次为65.6%、68.4%、64%,色度的去除率依次为74.5%、74.7%、76.3%。疏水性染料的混凝实验结果表明,复合混凝剂对COD与色度的去除效果明显好于PAC和PFS,因此,复合混凝剂是本次实验的首选。当原水COD为832.3～876.0mg/L、色度为804～820倍时,对分散红配水和分散蓝配水,复合混凝剂的最佳投加量均为200mg/L,而对硫化黑配水,复合混凝剂的最佳投加量均为150mg/L。复合混凝剂对三种疏水性染料的去除效果由好到坏的顺序依次是硫化黑配水(对COD的去除率为63.1%,对色度的去除率为89.0%)、分散蓝配水(对COD的去除率为47%,对色度的去除率为79.8%)、分散红配水(对COD的去除率为43.3%,对色度的去除率为75.0%)。采用该技术对实际生产废水的实验结果表明,以活性染料为主的印染废水当进水的COD平均值为630.7mg/L、色度平均值为397.1倍时,出水的COD平均值为79.9mg/L、色度平均值为38.2倍。以分散染料为主的印染废水,当进水的COD平均值为966.6mg/L、色度平均值为455.9倍时,出水的COD平均值为89.4mg/L、色度平均值为31.4倍。通过工程实例分析得出,该技术是实际可行的。
本研究是将印染废水按亲水性和疏水性加以分类研究,其创新在于,在综合池中加入硫酸亚铁,在溶解氧小于0.5mg/L条件下,使其在产生水解酸化作用的同时,产生Fe2+与水溶性的染料等污染物质络合反应和还原反应,同时,铁离子参与了生化反应,对生化反应起到催化和促进作用。将铁的水解产物产生的化学絮凝作用同生物絮凝、生物化学作用有机结合在一起,在短时间内显著地增加了COD和色度的去除率,并提高了染料废水的可生化性,为后续的好氧生物处理创造了有利条件,提高了生物处理效率。简化了工艺形式,将传统的物理+化学+生物分别在不同的单元进行简化为“综合池+反应器”技术,该技术工艺简短,处理效率高,可广泛应用于印染废水的处理。
In order to improve the treatment efficiency of dying and print wastewater, a new idea and technology were introduced in this thesis, that are, based on the traditional treatment technologies, integrating the different functions into a comprehensive system by the process of the comprehensive tank plus reaction tank, At first, the dyes were categorized according to water affinity and hydrophobicity. the every two kinds of active dye、directive dye and acid dye among the affinity dyes were chosen to do distribution experiments, in order to obtain the optimism reaction condition and parameter, the experiments were done by using the process of comprehensive tank plus reaction tank. Meanwhile the two kinds of dispersed dyes and one kind of sulfur dye among the hydrophobicity were chosen to do coagulation experiments, in order to obtain optimism coagulant and dosing amount. Finally, the two kinds of typical dying and print wastewater were chosen to do the experiments with the optimism parameter which were obtained by experiments, in the end, there were cases studies to be discussed.
The experiments results of active dyes、directive dyes and sulfur dyes indicated that the optimism amount of FeSO4 is 30mg/l, and the optimism detention period in comprehensive tank are 7h、8h、9h respectively, the removal rate of COD are 48.7%、47.4% 43.2% respectively, the removal rate of chromaticity color are 52.3%、52.6% and 51.9% respectively. PH are decreasing with HRT period. In the reaction tank, the optimize detention period is 6-8h, the removal rate of COD are 65.6%、68.4% and 64% respectively, the removal rate of chromaticity color are 74.5%、74.7% and 76.3% respectively.
The experiments results of hydrophobicity dyes indicated that the mixed coagulant is the optimism coagulant and when COD and chromaticity color of wastewater are 832.3-876.0 mg/l and 804-820 times, the optimism dosing amount is 200mg/l in both dispersed red dye and dispersed blue dye distribution, but in the sulfur black dye distribution, the optimism dosing amount is 150mg/l, the sequence of treatment efficiency are sulfur dye distribution better than dispersed blue dye better than dispersed red dye.
The experiments results of wastewater treatment of active dyes from manufacturing indicated that the COD and chromaticity color of the outlet are 79.9mg/l and 38.2 times respectively when the COD and chromaticity color of the inlet are 630.7mg/l and 397.1 times respectively. Meanwhile, The experiments results of wastewater treatment of dispersed dyes from manufacturing indicated that the COD and chromaticity color of the outlet are 89.4mg/l and 31.4 times respectively when the COD and chromaticity color of the inlet are 966.6mg/l and 455.9times respectively. By the case study discussions, the results showed that the process of comprehensive tank plus reaction tank is a practicable treatment method.
The feature of the study is that the water affinity and hydrophobicity of dye were categorized, and the innovation points of the study are: in the comprehensive tank, Fe2+ was adding into the system, when the DO is less than 0.5mg/l, the hydrolytic action was going and the complexation reaction and reaeration reaction were going as well between Fe2+ and dyes. In the meantime, Fe2+took part in the biological reaction, so the multifunction of hydrolytic、chemical coagulation and biological reaction were conducted, in the very short period, the removal rate of COD and chromaticity color were improved significantly.
A kind of effective and practicable treatment method was given in the study for the treatment of dying and print manufacturing wastewater.
引文
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