FAST主动反射面支承结构理论与试验研究
摘要
反射面的面积是衡量射电望远镜性能的主要指标之一,只有拥有更大的接受面积才能观测到更多、更远的天体。自重和风荷载的作用会引起反射面的形状变化,从而降低反射面的形状拟合精度,影响望远镜电性能,如何更有效支承反射面一直是建造更大口径射电望远镜的瓶颈。1994年中国天文学家提出了利用贵州喀斯特洼地,建造500m口径具有主动反射面的大型射电望远镜FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope)的计划,建成之后将是世界上正在建造及计划中的口径最大、最具威力的单口径射电望远镜。但是FAST的口径大、地貌复杂、精度高及反射面的主动性等特点同时也对其反射面支承结构提出了更高的要求。在对FAST反射面支承结构的前期研究中还未找到合适(或完善)的反射面支承结构形式。鉴于此,本文结合FAST的功能要求和特点,对采用柔性的拉索支承反射面的方案进行了系统研究。
提出了采用“整体索网结构+背架结构”共同支承FAST反射面的总体方案,对索网网格的划分方式、单元网格的尺寸、及下拉索的布置方式分别进行了研究,得到了整体索网结构的具体结构形式及关键参数。
从不同角度对FAST反射面整体索网结构进行了系统的研究,首先,对整体索网结构初始形态分析方法进行了研究,并结合索网网格划分特性提出了初始形态应力优化方法,研究了不同背架结构自重对整体索网结构各项性能指标的影响;其次,对索网结构工作态变位(望远镜的寻源和跟踪)模拟方法进行了研究,并对索网结构的变位响应规律进行了大量的统计分析,得到了比较实用的FAST整体索网结构变位响应统计方法,在此基础上对工作态反射面的变位策略进行优选,得到较合理的变位模式;第三,对索网结构在不同荷载态的受力性能进行了分析,并针对反射面的工作原理,提出了减小由风荷载引起的反射面变形的方法,同时结合FAST反射面的工作原理,提出了温度补偿方法以减小温度荷载对结构的响应;最后,在对索网结构的三种状态(基准态、工作态和荷载态)分别研究的基础上,对FAST索网结构的设计方法进行了研究,得到简单实用的设计方法,并编制了相应的计算程序模块。
结合FAST对反射面的高精度要求,提出了FAST反射面背架结构保形设计方法;对FAST反射面背架结构进行了选型及优化研究,提出了空间网格结构、弦支结构、混合结构等多种背架结构可能的结构形式,并对每种结构形式进行了详细的参数分析,得到了其各项性能指标随不同参数的变化规律,最后提出了几种较优的结构形式,为今后的背架结构试验和设计提供了详细的资料。同时对背架结构与整体索网结构的连接节点形式进行了详细的探讨,提出了两种可能的构造形式:滑动式节点和机械式节点。
为了验证FAST各项子课题所取得的系列理论成果,中国科学院国家天文台在密云观测站建立了一口径为30m的缩尺试验模型,同时该模型也将作为一科学观测仪器投入使用。本文从FAST 30m模型反射面支承结构的设计、建造及试验等方面展开了研究:对模型的关键部件分别进行了试验研究;对整体索网结构的基准态成形数值模拟方法进行了研究,并在此基础上提出了较优的基准态成形方案,同时结合实际基准态成形过程提出了相应的数字模型修正方法,使其更加接近实际模型;在基准态成形过程中,对每一个中间环节均采取了相应保证结构整体成形精度的措施,最终取得了超过预期的效果。通过模型试验初步验证了整体索网这种新颖的结构形式作为FAST反射面支承结构的可行性,推动了FAST项目的顺利进展,为FAST原型的建造提供了宝贵的经验和第一手资料。
Area of the reflector is one of the main indexes to evaluate the performance of a telescope. A large area is indispensable to observe more celestial bodies in a further distance. On the other hand, the shape of a reflector is sometimes affected by its self-weight or the wind load, which definitely reduces its shape accuracy, and consequently makes the performance weakened. From this point of view, how to support the reflector efficiently is always a key problem on constructing new larger- aperture telescopes. In 1994, Chinese astronomers proposed to construct a five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope with an active reflector, named FAST, making use of Karst terrain in Guizhou, China, which is expected to be the largest and most effective radio telescope in the world. However, the proper supporting structures of reflector were not achieved for FAST in previous research, due to the great difficulties brought by the big size of the telescope, the complexity of Karst terrain and the activation of the reflector. In order to solve this problem, a cable-net with steel sub-structures is proposed and studied as the supporting structure of FAST in this paper.
First of all, the general plan of the cable-net and steel sub-structures is discussed. The patterns and sizes of cable mesh, as well as locations of control cables are investigated respectively to find out the best set of some key parameters.
Then some researches are focused on the cable-net: (1) the analysis methods of initial stress state of cable-net are studied and an optimization method for initial stress is developed based on the characteristics of the cable mesh. In addition, the effects of sub-structures’self-weight on the cable-net are illustrated; (2) the active shape-changing of reflector (for searching and tracking) is simulated numerically. And the regularity of response of cable-net caused by the shape-changing is analyzed sufficiently. Consequently, a practical statistical method is developed for the analysis of response caused by shape-changing. Based on the work above, the strategy of shape-changing of working reflector is optimized; (3) the mechanical characteristics of cable-net are discussed under different loads. And the methods of reducing wind-induced deformation are given. A temperature compensation method is also adopted to reduce the effect of temperature variation; (4) through the analysis of three states of cable-net (initial state, working state and load state), a practical and simple design method and concerned program for the cable-net of FAST are developed.
Further more, the researches on sub-structures are carried out in detail. A design method for maintaining the shape of sub-structures is presented, which can accommodate the high accuracy demand. And the sub-structure of reflector is designed and optimized. Three kinds of structures, including lattice structures, suspended structures and hybrid structures, are proposed as sub-structures. In order to get effective sub-structures, they are compared through parametric analysis, which also provides detailed information for future experiments and designing. Meanwhile, the joints which are used to attach sub-structures to the cable-net are designed in detail and two types of feasible joints are given: sliding joints and mechanical joints.
To verify the research achievements on FAST, a 30m-diameter model of FAST is constructed in Miyun Astronomic Observation Station by National Astronomical Observatory of China (NAOC), which will be applied as an actual astronomic observation device. Several researches on this model are presented: crucial components of the model are studied and tested; numerical simulation method for forming of initial state is investigated. As a result, an optimal forming scheme is attained. Moreover, the modification method is applied to make the numerical model closer to the actual model; effective measures are taken in each step of forming to get the desired accuracy. By the tests on the 30m-diameter model, the feasibility of the cable-net as a supporting structure of FAST reflector is verified, and the whole project of FAST is promoted. At the same time, some valuable experiences and credible information for constructing FAST in real site are accumulated during this process.
提出了采用“整体索网结构+背架结构”共同支承FAST反射面的总体方案,对索网网格的划分方式、单元网格的尺寸、及下拉索的布置方式分别进行了研究,得到了整体索网结构的具体结构形式及关键参数。
从不同角度对FAST反射面整体索网结构进行了系统的研究,首先,对整体索网结构初始形态分析方法进行了研究,并结合索网网格划分特性提出了初始形态应力优化方法,研究了不同背架结构自重对整体索网结构各项性能指标的影响;其次,对索网结构工作态变位(望远镜的寻源和跟踪)模拟方法进行了研究,并对索网结构的变位响应规律进行了大量的统计分析,得到了比较实用的FAST整体索网结构变位响应统计方法,在此基础上对工作态反射面的变位策略进行优选,得到较合理的变位模式;第三,对索网结构在不同荷载态的受力性能进行了分析,并针对反射面的工作原理,提出了减小由风荷载引起的反射面变形的方法,同时结合FAST反射面的工作原理,提出了温度补偿方法以减小温度荷载对结构的响应;最后,在对索网结构的三种状态(基准态、工作态和荷载态)分别研究的基础上,对FAST索网结构的设计方法进行了研究,得到简单实用的设计方法,并编制了相应的计算程序模块。
结合FAST对反射面的高精度要求,提出了FAST反射面背架结构保形设计方法;对FAST反射面背架结构进行了选型及优化研究,提出了空间网格结构、弦支结构、混合结构等多种背架结构可能的结构形式,并对每种结构形式进行了详细的参数分析,得到了其各项性能指标随不同参数的变化规律,最后提出了几种较优的结构形式,为今后的背架结构试验和设计提供了详细的资料。同时对背架结构与整体索网结构的连接节点形式进行了详细的探讨,提出了两种可能的构造形式:滑动式节点和机械式节点。
为了验证FAST各项子课题所取得的系列理论成果,中国科学院国家天文台在密云观测站建立了一口径为30m的缩尺试验模型,同时该模型也将作为一科学观测仪器投入使用。本文从FAST 30m模型反射面支承结构的设计、建造及试验等方面展开了研究:对模型的关键部件分别进行了试验研究;对整体索网结构的基准态成形数值模拟方法进行了研究,并在此基础上提出了较优的基准态成形方案,同时结合实际基准态成形过程提出了相应的数字模型修正方法,使其更加接近实际模型;在基准态成形过程中,对每一个中间环节均采取了相应保证结构整体成形精度的措施,最终取得了超过预期的效果。通过模型试验初步验证了整体索网这种新颖的结构形式作为FAST反射面支承结构的可行性,推动了FAST项目的顺利进展,为FAST原型的建造提供了宝贵的经验和第一手资料。
Area of the reflector is one of the main indexes to evaluate the performance of a telescope. A large area is indispensable to observe more celestial bodies in a further distance. On the other hand, the shape of a reflector is sometimes affected by its self-weight or the wind load, which definitely reduces its shape accuracy, and consequently makes the performance weakened. From this point of view, how to support the reflector efficiently is always a key problem on constructing new larger- aperture telescopes. In 1994, Chinese astronomers proposed to construct a five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope with an active reflector, named FAST, making use of Karst terrain in Guizhou, China, which is expected to be the largest and most effective radio telescope in the world. However, the proper supporting structures of reflector were not achieved for FAST in previous research, due to the great difficulties brought by the big size of the telescope, the complexity of Karst terrain and the activation of the reflector. In order to solve this problem, a cable-net with steel sub-structures is proposed and studied as the supporting structure of FAST in this paper.
First of all, the general plan of the cable-net and steel sub-structures is discussed. The patterns and sizes of cable mesh, as well as locations of control cables are investigated respectively to find out the best set of some key parameters.
Then some researches are focused on the cable-net: (1) the analysis methods of initial stress state of cable-net are studied and an optimization method for initial stress is developed based on the characteristics of the cable mesh. In addition, the effects of sub-structures’self-weight on the cable-net are illustrated; (2) the active shape-changing of reflector (for searching and tracking) is simulated numerically. And the regularity of response of cable-net caused by the shape-changing is analyzed sufficiently. Consequently, a practical statistical method is developed for the analysis of response caused by shape-changing. Based on the work above, the strategy of shape-changing of working reflector is optimized; (3) the mechanical characteristics of cable-net are discussed under different loads. And the methods of reducing wind-induced deformation are given. A temperature compensation method is also adopted to reduce the effect of temperature variation; (4) through the analysis of three states of cable-net (initial state, working state and load state), a practical and simple design method and concerned program for the cable-net of FAST are developed.
Further more, the researches on sub-structures are carried out in detail. A design method for maintaining the shape of sub-structures is presented, which can accommodate the high accuracy demand. And the sub-structure of reflector is designed and optimized. Three kinds of structures, including lattice structures, suspended structures and hybrid structures, are proposed as sub-structures. In order to get effective sub-structures, they are compared through parametric analysis, which also provides detailed information for future experiments and designing. Meanwhile, the joints which are used to attach sub-structures to the cable-net are designed in detail and two types of feasible joints are given: sliding joints and mechanical joints.
To verify the research achievements on FAST, a 30m-diameter model of FAST is constructed in Miyun Astronomic Observation Station by National Astronomical Observatory of China (NAOC), which will be applied as an actual astronomic observation device. Several researches on this model are presented: crucial components of the model are studied and tested; numerical simulation method for forming of initial state is investigated. As a result, an optimal forming scheme is attained. Moreover, the modification method is applied to make the numerical model closer to the actual model; effective measures are taken in each step of forming to get the desired accuracy. By the tests on the 30m-diameter model, the feasibility of the cable-net as a supporting structure of FAST reflector is verified, and the whole project of FAST is promoted. At the same time, some valuable experiences and credible information for constructing FAST in real site are accumulated during this process.
引文
1 Rendong Nan, Gexue REN, et al. Adaptive cable-mesh reflector for the FAST. ACTA ASTRONOMICA SINICA. 2003, Vol.44:13~18.
2 Qiu Yu-hai. A novel design for giant radio telescopes with an active spherical main reflector. Chin. Astrophys. 1998, Vol.22, No.3:391~368.
3 邱育海.具有主动反射面的矩形球面射电望远镜[J].天体物理学报.1998,18 (2):222~227.
4 Nan R D, Peng B. A chinese concept for the 1 km2 radio telescope. Acta Astronautica, 2000, 46(10~12): 667~675.
5 Nan R D, Nie Y P, Peng B,et al. Site Surveying for the LT in Guizhou Province of China. In: Strom R G, Peng B, Nan R D, eds. Proceedings of the LTWG-3&W-SRT. 1995, Beijing:IAP, 1996. 59~66.
6 Qiu Y H. A novel design for a giant Arecibo-type spherical radio telescope with an active main reflector. MNRAS, 1998, 301: 827~830.
7 Duan B Y, Xu G H, Wang J L. Integrated Optimum Design of Mechanical and Electronic Technologies for Antenna Structural System. In: Strom R G, Peng B, Nan R D, eds. Proceedings of the LTWG-3&W-SRT. 1995, Beijing:IAP, 1996. 144~151.
8 苏彦. FAST 在深空探测中的应用前景. 天文学报. 2001,2
9 Nan Rendong, Peng Bo, Qiu Yuhai, et al. Preceeding of Bioastronomy’99,eds. University of Hawari. 1999,11.
10 Zhang H, Ye P, Qi L, et al. Stability Analysis of a Suspended Parallel Manipulator. In: Huang T, eds. Proceedings of The 11th World Congress in Mechanism and Machine Science. 2004, Beijing:China Machine Press,2004, 4: 1772~1776.
11 Ren G X, Lu Q H, Hu N, et al. On vibration control with Stewart parallel mechanism. Mechatronic, 2004, 14: 1~13.
12 Nan R D, Ren G X, Zhu W B, et al. Adaptive Cable-mesh Reflector for the FAST. Acta Astronomica Sinica, 2003, 44 Suppl: 13~18.
13 Li G Q, Shen L, Luo Y F, et al. Analysis for reflector aluminum mesh panels of Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope. Ap&SS, 2001, 278(1):225~230.
14 Duan B Y. A new design project of the line feed structure for large spherical radio telescope and its nonlinear dynamic analysis. Mechatronics, 1999, 9(1): 53~64.
15 Ren G X, Lu Q H, Zhou Z. On the cable car feed support configuration for FAST. Ap&SS, 2001, 278(1): 243~247.
16 罗永峰等.500m 口径主动球面望远镜反射面支撑结构分析[J].同济大学学报.2000,28(4):497~501.
17 罗永峰等.大射电望远镜反射面支承张拉结构非线性分析[J].同济大学学报.2000,31(1):1~5.
18 沈黎元.时变索网形状控制与 FAST 反射面结构分析.同济大学博士学位论文.2004.
19 F.Fan, H.L.Qian, S.Z.Shen. The Design of the Cable-net Structure for Supporting the Reflector of FAST . IASS-APCS 2006
20 F.Fan, H.L.Qian,S.Z.Shen,Q.M.Wang,R.D.Nan. State-of-the-art development of the reflector structure of FAST. IACE,2006
21 钱宏亮, 范峰, 沈世钊. FAST 反射面支承结构整体索网研究. 第四届全国现代结构工程学术研讨会论文集(工业建筑增刊). 宁波, 2004:121~129.
22 钱宏亮,范峰,沈世钊等.FAST 反射面支承结构整体索网分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报.2005,Vol.37:750~752.
23 钱宏亮,范峰,沈世钊等.FAST 反射面支承结构整体索网方案研究.土木工程学报.2005,Vol.38:18~23.
24 哈尔滨工业大学空间结构中心.大射电望远镜 FAST 整体索网主动反射面结构研究报告.2004,3.
25 许海涛.FAST 原型子结构选型与 30m 模型索网动态模拟分析. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,6.
26 严开涛.FAST 背架结构选型及其受力性能分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006,6.
27 杨光宇.FAST30 米模型试验关键技术研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,6.
28 林斌.CFD 模拟技术在大型复杂结构工程中的应用.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,4.
29 金晓飞. FAST 30m 模型健康监测系统研究. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006,6
30 Forster B. Cable and membrane roofs - a history survey, Structural Engineer- ing Review. 1994, 6(3~4):145~174.
31 Tien T.Lan. Development of cable-roof structures in China. 1st Oleg Kerens- ky Memorial Conference, London Institution of Structural Engineers. 1988.
32 Barnes Michael. Form and stress engineering of tension structures. Structural Engineering Review.1994, Vol.6, No.3~4:175~202.
33 C.Farhat, F.M.Hemez. Updating finite element dynamic model using an element-by-element sensitivity methodology. AIAA Journal. 1993,31(9):1702 ~1711.
34 K.V.Yuen and L.S.Katafygiotis. Bayesian time-domain approach for modal updating using ambient data. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics. 2001,(16): 103~113.
35 Nellem P M, et al. Application of fiber optical and resistance strain gauges for long-term surveillance of civil engineering structures[J]. SPIE,1997,3046: 77~86.
36 沈世钊,徐崇宝,赵臣.悬索结构设计.中国建筑工业出版社.1997.
37 Hiroshi Zui. Practical formulas for estimation of cable tension by vibration method[J]. Journal of structural engineering.1996,122(6):651~657.
38 Michael Papadopoulos, Ephrahim garcia. Sensor placement mythologies for dynamic testing. AIAA Journal. 1998,36(2):256~263.
39 E.Tongco, D.Meldrum. Optical sensor placement of large flexible space stru- ctures. Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics.1996,19(4):961~963.
40 Y.S.Park, H.B.Kim. Sensor placement guide for modal coMParison and impr- ovement. Proceedings of the 14th International Modal Analysis Conference. 1996:404~409.
41 Masao Saitoh, Akira Okada and Naoya Miyasato. Proposal of reversed progr- ess technique for tension structures and its application. IASS Symposium. 2001, Nagoy.
42 Lewis W.J. and Lewis T.S. Application of formaian and dynamic relaxation to the form-finding of minimal surface,IASS Vol.37 No.122(1996):165-186
43 Yasuhiko Hangai Theoretical analysis of structures in unstable state and shape analysis of unstable structures,Institute of Industrial ScienceUniversity of Tokyo 1991
44 Argyris JH.,Angelopoulus and Bichat B.A general method for the shape finding of lightweight tension structures, Comput. Meths. Appl. Mech. Eng.3(1974):135-149
45 Contro R Analysis and design of tension structures by optimization technique,Proc,3 Int.Symp.Stuttgart 1985 2 :95-109
46 Mitsuge J.Static analysis of cable networks and their supporting structures,Computers and structures Vol.51 no 1:pp47-56 1994
47 张明山. 弦支穹顶结构的理论研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2004,4
48 张莉. 张拉结构形状确定理论研究. 同济大学工学博士学位论文. 同济大学结构工程学院. 2000,3
49 张立新, 王建华. 预应力索结构中的悬链线索单元法. 四川建筑科学研究. 2001,12 (4):75-78
50 Barnes Michael Form and stress engineering of tension structures,Structural Engineering Review Vol.6 No.3-4(1994):175-202
51 沈世钊,徐崇宝,赵臣,悬索结构设计,中国建筑工业出版社 1997.
52 钟善桐,钢结构,中国建筑工业出版社
53 Wakefield D.S.Engineering analysis of tension structures :theory and practice ,Engineering Structures Vol.21(1999):680-690
54 Gunn M.J.Kinematic stability of space structures,Studies in Space Structures Multi-Science Publishing 1991
55 Pellegrino S.Analysis of prestressed mechanisms,Int.J.Solids Structures 1990 Vol26 No.12:1329-1350
56 Drew P.Tensile Architecture 1979 Granada London
57 Knudson CW.Recent advances in the field of long span tension structures,Eng Struct 1991 Vol 13 April:164-175
58 Sufian F.M.A.and Templeman A.B.On the non-linear analysis of pretensioned cable net structures,Structural Engineering Review Vol.4 no .2 pp147-158 1992
59 A.SNazmy and A.MAbdel-Ghaffar Three dimensional nonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridges,Computers and structures 1990(34):257-271
60 周明华,王晓,毕佳,钱培舒,土木工程结构试验与检测 东南大学出版社 2002
61 萨布尼斯,哈里斯 怀特,萨德.米尔扎,译者:朱世杰,何保康,钱国芳,傅恒箐,结构模型和试验技术,中国铁道出版社,1989
62 Reid MS. Proceedings of the third international Space Conference of Pacific Basin. 1989
63 张毅刚, 薛素铎, 杨庆山, 范峰. 大跨空间结构. 机械工业出版社. 2005
64 张其林. 索和膜结构. 同济大学出版社. 2002,2
65 Leonard J. W. Tension Structures. NcGraw-Hill New York, 1988
66 Buchholdt H A. An introduction to cable roof structures. Cambridge the University Press. 1985
67 Makowsi ZS. Space structures of today and tomorrow—a brief review of their present development and a glance into their future use, The 3rd Int. Conference on Space Structures. 1984,1
68 金问鲁. 悬挂结构计算理论. 浙江科学技术出版社. 1981,8
69 金问鲁. 悬挂结构计算. 中国建筑工业出版社. 北京, 1975,7
70 张其林等. 只受拉单元的修正平衡迭代方程. 钢结构. 2001(2)
71 单圣涤, 李飞云, 陈洁余, 朱祖愣. 悬索曲线理论及其应用. 湖南科学技术出版社. 湖南, 1983,7
72 Triantafyllou M.S. and Grinfogel L. Natural Frequencies and Models of Inclined Cables. J.Structure Engineering ASCE 1986 (1):139~148
73 A.S. Nazmy and A.M. Abdel-Ghaffar. Three dimensional nonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridges. Computers and structures. 1990(34): 257~271
74 Niels J. Gimsing. Cable supported bridges concept and design. 1983
75 贾乃文 , 张润民 . 线性强化材料悬索及索网计算 . 土木工程学报 . 1996,8(4):52~56
76 张 其 林 . 预 应 力 结 构 非 线 性 分 析 的 索 单 元 理 论 . 工 程 力 学 . 1993,10(4):93~101
77 李树逊. 悬索的有限变形分析. 同济大学博士生论文集(III). 上海科学技术文献出版社. 1998
78 唐建民, 沈祖炎. 圆形平面轴对称索穹顶结构施工过程跟踪计算. 土木工程学报. 1998,10 (5):24~32
79 张其林等. 连续长索非静力分析的样条单元. 工程力学. 1999 (1):115~121
80 Shore S. and Bathish G..N. Membrane analysis of cable roofs. SpaceStructures Blackwell Oxford Endland. 1967
81 Kwan A. S. K. A new approach to geometric nonlinearity of cable structures, Computers and Structures. 1998:243-252
82 向锦武等. 悬索结构振动分析的悬链线索单元法. 工程力学. 1999,6 (3):130~134
83 Harber R.B.and Abel J.F. Initial equilibrium solution methods for cable-reinforced membranes Part I-Formulations, Comp. Meth.Eng.1974,3:Vol.30
84 Sheck .H.J. The force density method for finding and computation of general networks Comp. Meth.Appl.Meth. 1974,8:115~134
85 Mollaert M. The form finding of mixed structures, The 3rd Int. Conference on Space Structure. 1984:180~185
86 Maurin B.and Motro R. Investigation of minimal forms with density methods. IASS,Vol.38 no.125(1997):143~154
87 Maurin B.and Motro R. Density methods and minimal forms computation. IASS Colloquium on structural Morphology, Nottingham. 1977
88 Barnes M.R. Form-finding and patterning of tension strectures. The 3rd Int. Conf. On Space Structure. 1984:730-736
89 Day A.S. An introduction to dynamic relaxation. The Engineer Jan. 1965:218-221
90 Ariel Hanaor. Prestressed pin-jointed structures flexibility analysis and prestressed dedign. Computer&Structures. 1988:28(6):757~769
91 M.R.Barnes. Form-finding and analysis of tension structures by dynamic relaxation. Ph.D. The City University London. 1997
92 张建胜.单层网壳结构风振响应分析的时域与频域方法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,6.
93 中华人民共和国行业标准. 网架结构设计与施工规程(JGJ 7-91) . 1992
94 卓新,袁行飞,预应力索分批张拉过程中张力的仿真分析,土木工程学报,2004,9
95 卓新,石川浩一郎 张力补偿计算法在预应力空间网格结构张拉施工中的应用 土木工程学报 2004,Vol 37 38-40
96 卓新等.预应力空间结构施工控制张力的逆向计算法.建筑技术开发.2004, Vol.33:4~6.
97 卓新.空间结构施工方法研究与施工全过程力学分析.浙江大学博士论文.2001.
98 李颖.索网结构施工分析的 ANSYS 实现.建筑技术开发.2005,Vol.32:5~7.
99 魏岚,时秀云,刘岩坡.索张拉测定仪在拉索抓点式玻璃幕墙中的应用.建筑施工技术.2003,No.6:27-29.
100 魏建东,刘山洪.基于拉索静态线形的索力测定.工程力学.2003,Vol20,No.3: 104~107.
101 魏建东,车惠民.斜拉索静力解及其应用.西南交通大学学报.1998,Vol33,No. 5:539~543.
102 姚文斌,张蔚,邵千钧 斜拉桥张拉索张力的测定 传感技术学报 2004,9
103 崔晓强,郭彦林.大跨度复杂钢结构施工分析的结构分析方法.建筑结构增刊,2004.
2 Qiu Yu-hai. A novel design for giant radio telescopes with an active spherical main reflector. Chin. Astrophys. 1998, Vol.22, No.3:391~368.
3 邱育海.具有主动反射面的矩形球面射电望远镜[J].天体物理学报.1998,18 (2):222~227.
4 Nan R D, Peng B. A chinese concept for the 1 km2 radio telescope. Acta Astronautica, 2000, 46(10~12): 667~675.
5 Nan R D, Nie Y P, Peng B,et al. Site Surveying for the LT in Guizhou Province of China. In: Strom R G, Peng B, Nan R D, eds. Proceedings of the LTWG-3&W-SRT. 1995, Beijing:IAP, 1996. 59~66.
6 Qiu Y H. A novel design for a giant Arecibo-type spherical radio telescope with an active main reflector. MNRAS, 1998, 301: 827~830.
7 Duan B Y, Xu G H, Wang J L. Integrated Optimum Design of Mechanical and Electronic Technologies for Antenna Structural System. In: Strom R G, Peng B, Nan R D, eds. Proceedings of the LTWG-3&W-SRT. 1995, Beijing:IAP, 1996. 144~151.
8 苏彦. FAST 在深空探测中的应用前景. 天文学报. 2001,2
9 Nan Rendong, Peng Bo, Qiu Yuhai, et al. Preceeding of Bioastronomy’99,eds. University of Hawari. 1999,11.
10 Zhang H, Ye P, Qi L, et al. Stability Analysis of a Suspended Parallel Manipulator. In: Huang T, eds. Proceedings of The 11th World Congress in Mechanism and Machine Science. 2004, Beijing:China Machine Press,2004, 4: 1772~1776.
11 Ren G X, Lu Q H, Hu N, et al. On vibration control with Stewart parallel mechanism. Mechatronic, 2004, 14: 1~13.
12 Nan R D, Ren G X, Zhu W B, et al. Adaptive Cable-mesh Reflector for the FAST. Acta Astronomica Sinica, 2003, 44 Suppl: 13~18.
13 Li G Q, Shen L, Luo Y F, et al. Analysis for reflector aluminum mesh panels of Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope. Ap&SS, 2001, 278(1):225~230.
14 Duan B Y. A new design project of the line feed structure for large spherical radio telescope and its nonlinear dynamic analysis. Mechatronics, 1999, 9(1): 53~64.
15 Ren G X, Lu Q H, Zhou Z. On the cable car feed support configuration for FAST. Ap&SS, 2001, 278(1): 243~247.
16 罗永峰等.500m 口径主动球面望远镜反射面支撑结构分析[J].同济大学学报.2000,28(4):497~501.
17 罗永峰等.大射电望远镜反射面支承张拉结构非线性分析[J].同济大学学报.2000,31(1):1~5.
18 沈黎元.时变索网形状控制与 FAST 反射面结构分析.同济大学博士学位论文.2004.
19 F.Fan, H.L.Qian, S.Z.Shen. The Design of the Cable-net Structure for Supporting the Reflector of FAST . IASS-APCS 2006
20 F.Fan, H.L.Qian,S.Z.Shen,Q.M.Wang,R.D.Nan. State-of-the-art development of the reflector structure of FAST. IACE,2006
21 钱宏亮, 范峰, 沈世钊. FAST 反射面支承结构整体索网研究. 第四届全国现代结构工程学术研讨会论文集(工业建筑增刊). 宁波, 2004:121~129.
22 钱宏亮,范峰,沈世钊等.FAST 反射面支承结构整体索网分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报.2005,Vol.37:750~752.
23 钱宏亮,范峰,沈世钊等.FAST 反射面支承结构整体索网方案研究.土木工程学报.2005,Vol.38:18~23.
24 哈尔滨工业大学空间结构中心.大射电望远镜 FAST 整体索网主动反射面结构研究报告.2004,3.
25 许海涛.FAST 原型子结构选型与 30m 模型索网动态模拟分析. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,6.
26 严开涛.FAST 背架结构选型及其受力性能分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006,6.
27 杨光宇.FAST30 米模型试验关键技术研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,6.
28 林斌.CFD 模拟技术在大型复杂结构工程中的应用.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,4.
29 金晓飞. FAST 30m 模型健康监测系统研究. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006,6
30 Forster B. Cable and membrane roofs - a history survey, Structural Engineer- ing Review. 1994, 6(3~4):145~174.
31 Tien T.Lan. Development of cable-roof structures in China. 1st Oleg Kerens- ky Memorial Conference, London Institution of Structural Engineers. 1988.
32 Barnes Michael. Form and stress engineering of tension structures. Structural Engineering Review.1994, Vol.6, No.3~4:175~202.
33 C.Farhat, F.M.Hemez. Updating finite element dynamic model using an element-by-element sensitivity methodology. AIAA Journal. 1993,31(9):1702 ~1711.
34 K.V.Yuen and L.S.Katafygiotis. Bayesian time-domain approach for modal updating using ambient data. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics. 2001,(16): 103~113.
35 Nellem P M, et al. Application of fiber optical and resistance strain gauges for long-term surveillance of civil engineering structures[J]. SPIE,1997,3046: 77~86.
36 沈世钊,徐崇宝,赵臣.悬索结构设计.中国建筑工业出版社.1997.
37 Hiroshi Zui. Practical formulas for estimation of cable tension by vibration method[J]. Journal of structural engineering.1996,122(6):651~657.
38 Michael Papadopoulos, Ephrahim garcia. Sensor placement mythologies for dynamic testing. AIAA Journal. 1998,36(2):256~263.
39 E.Tongco, D.Meldrum. Optical sensor placement of large flexible space stru- ctures. Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics.1996,19(4):961~963.
40 Y.S.Park, H.B.Kim. Sensor placement guide for modal coMParison and impr- ovement. Proceedings of the 14th International Modal Analysis Conference. 1996:404~409.
41 Masao Saitoh, Akira Okada and Naoya Miyasato. Proposal of reversed progr- ess technique for tension structures and its application. IASS Symposium. 2001, Nagoy.
42 Lewis W.J. and Lewis T.S. Application of formaian and dynamic relaxation to the form-finding of minimal surface,IASS Vol.37 No.122(1996):165-186
43 Yasuhiko Hangai Theoretical analysis of structures in unstable state and shape analysis of unstable structures,Institute of Industrial ScienceUniversity of Tokyo 1991
44 Argyris JH.,Angelopoulus and Bichat B.A general method for the shape finding of lightweight tension structures, Comput. Meths. Appl. Mech. Eng.3(1974):135-149
45 Contro R Analysis and design of tension structures by optimization technique,Proc,3 Int.Symp.Stuttgart 1985 2 :95-109
46 Mitsuge J.Static analysis of cable networks and their supporting structures,Computers and structures Vol.51 no 1:pp47-56 1994
47 张明山. 弦支穹顶结构的理论研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2004,4
48 张莉. 张拉结构形状确定理论研究. 同济大学工学博士学位论文. 同济大学结构工程学院. 2000,3
49 张立新, 王建华. 预应力索结构中的悬链线索单元法. 四川建筑科学研究. 2001,12 (4):75-78
50 Barnes Michael Form and stress engineering of tension structures,Structural Engineering Review Vol.6 No.3-4(1994):175-202
51 沈世钊,徐崇宝,赵臣,悬索结构设计,中国建筑工业出版社 1997.
52 钟善桐,钢结构,中国建筑工业出版社
53 Wakefield D.S.Engineering analysis of tension structures :theory and practice ,Engineering Structures Vol.21(1999):680-690
54 Gunn M.J.Kinematic stability of space structures,Studies in Space Structures Multi-Science Publishing 1991
55 Pellegrino S.Analysis of prestressed mechanisms,Int.J.Solids Structures 1990 Vol26 No.12:1329-1350
56 Drew P.Tensile Architecture 1979 Granada London
57 Knudson CW.Recent advances in the field of long span tension structures,Eng Struct 1991 Vol 13 April:164-175
58 Sufian F.M.A.and Templeman A.B.On the non-linear analysis of pretensioned cable net structures,Structural Engineering Review Vol.4 no .2 pp147-158 1992
59 A.SNazmy and A.MAbdel-Ghaffar Three dimensional nonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridges,Computers and structures 1990(34):257-271
60 周明华,王晓,毕佳,钱培舒,土木工程结构试验与检测 东南大学出版社 2002
61 萨布尼斯,哈里斯 怀特,萨德.米尔扎,译者:朱世杰,何保康,钱国芳,傅恒箐,结构模型和试验技术,中国铁道出版社,1989
62 Reid MS. Proceedings of the third international Space Conference of Pacific Basin. 1989
63 张毅刚, 薛素铎, 杨庆山, 范峰. 大跨空间结构. 机械工业出版社. 2005
64 张其林. 索和膜结构. 同济大学出版社. 2002,2
65 Leonard J. W. Tension Structures. NcGraw-Hill New York, 1988
66 Buchholdt H A. An introduction to cable roof structures. Cambridge the University Press. 1985
67 Makowsi ZS. Space structures of today and tomorrow—a brief review of their present development and a glance into their future use, The 3rd Int. Conference on Space Structures. 1984,1
68 金问鲁. 悬挂结构计算理论. 浙江科学技术出版社. 1981,8
69 金问鲁. 悬挂结构计算. 中国建筑工业出版社. 北京, 1975,7
70 张其林等. 只受拉单元的修正平衡迭代方程. 钢结构. 2001(2)
71 单圣涤, 李飞云, 陈洁余, 朱祖愣. 悬索曲线理论及其应用. 湖南科学技术出版社. 湖南, 1983,7
72 Triantafyllou M.S. and Grinfogel L. Natural Frequencies and Models of Inclined Cables. J.Structure Engineering ASCE 1986 (1):139~148
73 A.S. Nazmy and A.M. Abdel-Ghaffar. Three dimensional nonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridges. Computers and structures. 1990(34): 257~271
74 Niels J. Gimsing. Cable supported bridges concept and design. 1983
75 贾乃文 , 张润民 . 线性强化材料悬索及索网计算 . 土木工程学报 . 1996,8(4):52~56
76 张 其 林 . 预 应 力 结 构 非 线 性 分 析 的 索 单 元 理 论 . 工 程 力 学 . 1993,10(4):93~101
77 李树逊. 悬索的有限变形分析. 同济大学博士生论文集(III). 上海科学技术文献出版社. 1998
78 唐建民, 沈祖炎. 圆形平面轴对称索穹顶结构施工过程跟踪计算. 土木工程学报. 1998,10 (5):24~32
79 张其林等. 连续长索非静力分析的样条单元. 工程力学. 1999 (1):115~121
80 Shore S. and Bathish G..N. Membrane analysis of cable roofs. SpaceStructures Blackwell Oxford Endland. 1967
81 Kwan A. S. K. A new approach to geometric nonlinearity of cable structures, Computers and Structures. 1998:243-252
82 向锦武等. 悬索结构振动分析的悬链线索单元法. 工程力学. 1999,6 (3):130~134
83 Harber R.B.and Abel J.F. Initial equilibrium solution methods for cable-reinforced membranes Part I-Formulations, Comp. Meth.Eng.1974,3:Vol.30
84 Sheck .H.J. The force density method for finding and computation of general networks Comp. Meth.Appl.Meth. 1974,8:115~134
85 Mollaert M. The form finding of mixed structures, The 3rd Int. Conference on Space Structure. 1984:180~185
86 Maurin B.and Motro R. Investigation of minimal forms with density methods. IASS,Vol.38 no.125(1997):143~154
87 Maurin B.and Motro R. Density methods and minimal forms computation. IASS Colloquium on structural Morphology, Nottingham. 1977
88 Barnes M.R. Form-finding and patterning of tension strectures. The 3rd Int. Conf. On Space Structure. 1984:730-736
89 Day A.S. An introduction to dynamic relaxation. The Engineer Jan. 1965:218-221
90 Ariel Hanaor. Prestressed pin-jointed structures flexibility analysis and prestressed dedign. Computer&Structures. 1988:28(6):757~769
91 M.R.Barnes. Form-finding and analysis of tension structures by dynamic relaxation. Ph.D. The City University London. 1997
92 张建胜.单层网壳结构风振响应分析的时域与频域方法研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2005,6.
93 中华人民共和国行业标准. 网架结构设计与施工规程(JGJ 7-91) . 1992
94 卓新,袁行飞,预应力索分批张拉过程中张力的仿真分析,土木工程学报,2004,9
95 卓新,石川浩一郎 张力补偿计算法在预应力空间网格结构张拉施工中的应用 土木工程学报 2004,Vol 37 38-40
96 卓新等.预应力空间结构施工控制张力的逆向计算法.建筑技术开发.2004, Vol.33:4~6.
97 卓新.空间结构施工方法研究与施工全过程力学分析.浙江大学博士论文.2001.
98 李颖.索网结构施工分析的 ANSYS 实现.建筑技术开发.2005,Vol.32:5~7.
99 魏岚,时秀云,刘岩坡.索张拉测定仪在拉索抓点式玻璃幕墙中的应用.建筑施工技术.2003,No.6:27-29.
100 魏建东,刘山洪.基于拉索静态线形的索力测定.工程力学.2003,Vol20,No.3: 104~107.
101 魏建东,车惠民.斜拉索静力解及其应用.西南交通大学学报.1998,Vol33,No. 5:539~543.
102 姚文斌,张蔚,邵千钧 斜拉桥张拉索张力的测定 传感技术学报 2004,9
103 崔晓强,郭彦林.大跨度复杂钢结构施工分析的结构分析方法.建筑结构增刊,2004.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |