新型双定子永磁电机的设计与研究
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摘要
新型双定子永磁电机是将节距为1的分数槽绕组(即分数槽单节距绕组)用于双定子永磁电机,这样既可以具有分数槽单节距绕组的端部小、用铜量省、铜耗低、效率高和自定位转矩低的优点,同时将双定子永磁电机的高转矩输出能力、高的空间和材料利用率、高转矩密度和低惯量的优点继承下来,使得分数槽单节距绕组双定子永磁电机实现了低定位转矩和低惯量大转矩的目的。但是双定子永磁电机由于具有内外两个定子,而且内外定子磁场相互耦合,电枢反应引起的磁场变化相对普通电机更加复杂,需要准确地进行磁场计算才能对双定子永磁电机进行精确的分析。本文就这种新型双定子永磁电机进行了设计,并采用先进的磁场计算方法对其进行了全面的分析。
首先,对新型分数槽绕组的绕组规律、电势进行了研究,分析了各次谐波绕组因数对反电势的影响。在此基础之上,采用同心径向式双定子结构,设计了两台双定子永磁电机,一台用作无刷直流电机,一台用作发电机。通过静磁场的分析获得了电机的一些基本特性,并得到了试验的验证。
其次,双定子永磁电机磁场存在内外定子的相互影响,在电动机运行采用非正弦供电时,要想研究双定子永磁电动机的动态特性,就要采用场路祸合时步有限元法,它可以充分考虑电机铁心饱和、齿槽效应、电枢反应、非正弦供电等影响。本文将考虑中点电位浮动的Y联接电路方程和双定子有限元模型相结合,从而建立起比较完善的双定子电动机场路耦合时步有限元法的数学模型;同时解决了双定子电机有限元模型自由转动的问题,为后续复杂电机控制方法的实现奠定了基础。结合双闭环控制策略实现了对双定子永磁电动机的无刷直流控制和永磁同步控制的系统仿真,并给出了双定子永磁电动机在两种控制方法下的运行特性。由于新型分数槽单节距绕组的相间互感很小,论文首次将标量控制与场路耦合时步有限元法相结合,并实现了对双定子永磁电动机的标量控制仿真研究。论文还建立了给定转速的永磁发电机运行的场路耦合数学模型,对双定子永磁发电机进行了负载运行情况下的特性仿真研究。
再次,由于表面式永磁体直接面向气隙磁场,永磁体内部磁场非常容易被干扰,这样就会在永磁体内部产生涡流作用。本文提出了一种永磁体涡流损耗模型,避免了在二维场处理涡流计算时,对涡流区域长度无限长的假设,使得模型更加符合实际情况。通过将此模型与场路耦合时步有限元法结合,建立了整个系统的包含永磁体涡流损耗模型的场路耦合时步有限元法数学模型,编制了计算机程序,并对双定子永磁电机进行了研究。试验证明采用这种方法的仿真结果与试验结果更加吻合,不仅验证了双定子永磁电机设计思想的正确,也证明了场路耦合时步有限元法的准确性。
The novel double-stator permanent magnet (PM) machine is compacted with fractional slot concentrated winding and double-stator PM machine. Thus, not only does it inherit the merits of the fractional slot concentrated winding, short terminal length, saving the copper using, reduce the copper loss, increase the efficiency, the small cogging torque, but also inherit the merits of the double-stator PM machine, high torque output, high utilization rate of the space and material, high torque density and low initial, those make it as the low initial and high torque machine with low cogging torque. But the double-stator PM machine has two stators, the magnetic field of the inner and outer stator is coupled together, the armature reaction is more complex than the other common machines, then it needs the precise magnetic field calculation to the better analysis. This thesis mainly focus on the design of the novel double-stator PM machine and the analysis of the machine with advanced magnetic field calculation method.
Firstly, researching the rule of the novel fractional slot concentrated winding and EMF, the influence of the harmonic winding factors to the EMF is analyzed. Then, analyzing the MMF of the novel fractional slot concentrated winding, explaining the theory of the fractional slot concentrated winding machine. On the base of it, the coaxial radial double-stator structure is adopted, and two machines are made, one is a BLDCM, the other is a generator. From the 2D static magnetic field analysis, the properties of the double-stator are obtained, and they are confirmed by the test.
Secondly, the magnetic field of the inner stator and outer stator in the double-stator PM machine are influenced each other. When the machine worked as a motor with non-sine wave power supply, if you want to analyze the dynamic properties of the double-stator PM machine, the field-circuit-coupled FEM will be needed, it can think about the iron saturation, tooth-slot influence, armature reaction, non-sine wave power supply, etc. This thesis puts electric potential center of the Y-connection circuit equations with FEM equations together, then creates the complete field-circuit-coupled FEM mathematics model of the double-stator PM motor. Then the motion of the FEM grid model of the double-stator PM motor is resolved, it establishes the base for the more complex control strategy in the FEM simulation. With the strategy of current and location close-loop at the same time, the BLDC and BLAC control methods are realized in the double-stator PM motor. Just because the mutual inductance of the phases is very small with the new novel fractional slot concentrated winding, this thesis put the scalar control method on the double-stator PM motor in the field-circuit-coupled FEM, and it does well. The thesis still creates the field-circuit-coupled FEM equations of the constant speed generator, and puts it simulate the double-stator PM generator.
Thirdly, the surface PM faces the airgap magnetic field directly, so the magnetic field in the PM will be influenced easily, thus the eddy current will be produced. This thesis puts forward the new model of the PM eddy current loss calculation, which avoids the hypothesis of unlimited length of the eddy current region; this model is more closer to the real status. By compacting it to the field-circuit-coupled FEM, the whole system field-circuit-coupled FEM mathematics model is created, the computer program is made, which is used to analyze the double-stator PM machine, then the tests indicate that the simulation result agrees with the test results than without PM eddy current model.
首先,对新型分数槽绕组的绕组规律、电势进行了研究,分析了各次谐波绕组因数对反电势的影响。在此基础之上,采用同心径向式双定子结构,设计了两台双定子永磁电机,一台用作无刷直流电机,一台用作发电机。通过静磁场的分析获得了电机的一些基本特性,并得到了试验的验证。
其次,双定子永磁电机磁场存在内外定子的相互影响,在电动机运行采用非正弦供电时,要想研究双定子永磁电动机的动态特性,就要采用场路祸合时步有限元法,它可以充分考虑电机铁心饱和、齿槽效应、电枢反应、非正弦供电等影响。本文将考虑中点电位浮动的Y联接电路方程和双定子有限元模型相结合,从而建立起比较完善的双定子电动机场路耦合时步有限元法的数学模型;同时解决了双定子电机有限元模型自由转动的问题,为后续复杂电机控制方法的实现奠定了基础。结合双闭环控制策略实现了对双定子永磁电动机的无刷直流控制和永磁同步控制的系统仿真,并给出了双定子永磁电动机在两种控制方法下的运行特性。由于新型分数槽单节距绕组的相间互感很小,论文首次将标量控制与场路耦合时步有限元法相结合,并实现了对双定子永磁电动机的标量控制仿真研究。论文还建立了给定转速的永磁发电机运行的场路耦合数学模型,对双定子永磁发电机进行了负载运行情况下的特性仿真研究。
再次,由于表面式永磁体直接面向气隙磁场,永磁体内部磁场非常容易被干扰,这样就会在永磁体内部产生涡流作用。本文提出了一种永磁体涡流损耗模型,避免了在二维场处理涡流计算时,对涡流区域长度无限长的假设,使得模型更加符合实际情况。通过将此模型与场路耦合时步有限元法结合,建立了整个系统的包含永磁体涡流损耗模型的场路耦合时步有限元法数学模型,编制了计算机程序,并对双定子永磁电机进行了研究。试验证明采用这种方法的仿真结果与试验结果更加吻合,不仅验证了双定子永磁电机设计思想的正确,也证明了场路耦合时步有限元法的准确性。
The novel double-stator permanent magnet (PM) machine is compacted with fractional slot concentrated winding and double-stator PM machine. Thus, not only does it inherit the merits of the fractional slot concentrated winding, short terminal length, saving the copper using, reduce the copper loss, increase the efficiency, the small cogging torque, but also inherit the merits of the double-stator PM machine, high torque output, high utilization rate of the space and material, high torque density and low initial, those make it as the low initial and high torque machine with low cogging torque. But the double-stator PM machine has two stators, the magnetic field of the inner and outer stator is coupled together, the armature reaction is more complex than the other common machines, then it needs the precise magnetic field calculation to the better analysis. This thesis mainly focus on the design of the novel double-stator PM machine and the analysis of the machine with advanced magnetic field calculation method.
Firstly, researching the rule of the novel fractional slot concentrated winding and EMF, the influence of the harmonic winding factors to the EMF is analyzed. Then, analyzing the MMF of the novel fractional slot concentrated winding, explaining the theory of the fractional slot concentrated winding machine. On the base of it, the coaxial radial double-stator structure is adopted, and two machines are made, one is a BLDCM, the other is a generator. From the 2D static magnetic field analysis, the properties of the double-stator are obtained, and they are confirmed by the test.
Secondly, the magnetic field of the inner stator and outer stator in the double-stator PM machine are influenced each other. When the machine worked as a motor with non-sine wave power supply, if you want to analyze the dynamic properties of the double-stator PM machine, the field-circuit-coupled FEM will be needed, it can think about the iron saturation, tooth-slot influence, armature reaction, non-sine wave power supply, etc. This thesis puts electric potential center of the Y-connection circuit equations with FEM equations together, then creates the complete field-circuit-coupled FEM mathematics model of the double-stator PM motor. Then the motion of the FEM grid model of the double-stator PM motor is resolved, it establishes the base for the more complex control strategy in the FEM simulation. With the strategy of current and location close-loop at the same time, the BLDC and BLAC control methods are realized in the double-stator PM motor. Just because the mutual inductance of the phases is very small with the new novel fractional slot concentrated winding, this thesis put the scalar control method on the double-stator PM motor in the field-circuit-coupled FEM, and it does well. The thesis still creates the field-circuit-coupled FEM equations of the constant speed generator, and puts it simulate the double-stator PM generator.
Thirdly, the surface PM faces the airgap magnetic field directly, so the magnetic field in the PM will be influenced easily, thus the eddy current will be produced. This thesis puts forward the new model of the PM eddy current loss calculation, which avoids the hypothesis of unlimited length of the eddy current region; this model is more closer to the real status. By compacting it to the field-circuit-coupled FEM, the whole system field-circuit-coupled FEM mathematics model is created, the computer program is made, which is used to analyze the double-stator PM machine, then the tests indicate that the simulation result agrees with the test results than without PM eddy current model.
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