中国西部区域金融中心发展格局研究
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摘要
长期以来,我国由于经济发展水平、自然资源禀赋在空间结构上具有明显的非均衡性,金融作为经济体系的一个重要组成部分,也呈现出比较强的区域性特点。金融资源以及由其带动的相关要素在空间上向中心城市快速聚集,导致区域金融中心逐渐形成。区域金融中心成长的过程中,通过金融集聚的集聚效应、扩散效应、溢出效应以及经济增长效应,实现区域金融资源的优化配置,进而带动区域经济增长。鉴于对区域金融中心重要性的认识,西部地区的多数省会城市纷纷掀起区域金融中心建设的热潮,这种状况值得冷静分析,深入思考。金融中心的成长自有其一套内在的规律或者机制,没有认识到隐藏其中的客观规律,盲目的行动势必会对区域经济发展带来损害。
本文以区域金融发展理论、金融地理学、金融中心的相关理论为指导,从金融集聚、新制度经济学以及蝴蝶效应与路径依赖理论等视角深入探讨了金融中心成长的内在机制。研究认为,金融中心的形成一方面依赖于自然集聚,即实体经济增长引起居民和企业对各类金融服务的需求剧增,带来金融体系的不断扩张,从而导致金融中心的形成；另一方面,政府推进模式使得金融集聚区的形成具有一定超前性,即供给引导是金融体系发生质变的另一个重要的推动力。特别是在金融中心形成的早期阶段,政府的引导作用起到了决定性作用,而一旦金融中心的发展进入自组织阶段,政府的主导作用将会减弱。基于以上理论分析,进一步阐述了我国西部地区构建区域金融中心的可行性,并分析了未来西部地区区域金融中心的发展趋势。文章基于金融地理学思想,构建起一套评价西部地区区域金融中心成长水平的指标评价体系,形成金融地理竞争力指标。运用计量经济学的研究方法,深入研究了西部十个区域金融中心备选节点城市的金融地理竞争力水平。研究认为,经济要素、效率要素、信息要素、区位要素以及金融要素对金融地理竞争力的影响较为显著。
本文基于金融地理竞争力指标对样本城市的金融发展水平进了测度,排在前三位的分别是成都、重庆和西安。运用聚类分析方法,将样本城市分为四个方阵,其中成都属于第一方阵,西安、重庆和昆明属于第二方阵,南宁、乌鲁木齐、呼和浩特以及贵阳属于第三方阵,兰州与银川属于第四方阵。虽然西部地区多数省会城市都有建设区域金融中心的冲动,但是本文认为,区域金融中心的成长不以人的意志为转移。例如昆明和乌鲁木齐两个城市的金融发展水平都相对较好,但是,辐射能力还相对较小,所以其区域金融中心的目标在未来相当长的一段时间内并不现实。通过计算备选节点城市的腹地空间范围,最终筛选出两个城市作为我国当前西部地区区域金融中心发展的重点城市,即成都和西安,其中,成都是成渝经济区的核心城市之一,西安是关中—天水经济区的核心城市。文章从国家级经济区的战略视角对本文所作的西部区域金融中心的发展格局进行了展望。最后本文提出了西部地区构建区域金融中心的具体路径,即应当遵循“省内金融中心—省际金融联动中心—西部区域金融中心”这一循序渐进的发展路径,并从构建有利于区域金融中心成长的区域金融政策、培育有利于区域金融中心成长的金融生态环境两个方面来提出相应的政策措施。
For a long time, finance as an important part of the economy, is also showing a relatively strong regional characteristics, due to the different level of economic development, natural resource endowments on the spatial structure has significant non-equilibrium of our country. Financial resources, and related elements in space driven by the rapid accumulation to urban centers, lead to the gradual formation of a regional financial center. Regional financial center growth process, through the combined effect of financial agglomeration, diffusion effects, spillover effects and the effects of economic growth, regional financial resources achieving optimal configuration, it stimulates regional economic growth. Given to the importance of the regional financial center, most underdeveloped western regional capital cities have also set off a regional financial center construction boom.This situation needs to be calmly analyzed, thought deeply. The growth of financial center has its own internal rules or mechanism.If we do not recognize the hidden objective laws, blind actions will inevitably bring harm to regional economic development.
In this paper, the theory of the regional financial development, financial geography, the theory of the financial center as the guide, it relys on the theory from the perspective of financial agglomeration^new institutional economics and the butterfly effect and path dependence theory to explore the internal mechanism of the growth of the financial center. Studies suggest that the formation of financial centers depends on the natural gathering on the one hand that the real economic growth causing the demand of the residents and business demand for various financial services surge, bringing financial system ever-expanding, leading to the formation of a financial center; on the other hand, the model of the government promotion makes the formation of the financial gathering area with a certain advance, that supply is another important driving force to guide the financial system undergoing a qualitative change. Especially in the early stage of the formation of the financial center, the guiding role of the government plays a decisive role, but once into the stage of self-organization of the financial center, the leading role of the government will be weakened. Based on the above theoretical analysis, it furtherly elaborates the feasibility of constructing regional financial centers in the western region, and analyzes the development trend of the future regional financial center of the western region. Based on the financial geography of thought, it builts up a set of evaluation index system to evaluate the growing level in the western region regional financial center, and gets financial geography competitiveness index.Taking the econometric research methods, it studys o the level of competitiveness of the western financial geography of ten regional financial center alternative nodes of the city deeply. Studies suggest that economic factors, efficiency factors, information elements, location factors,and financial elements,have more significant to the competitiveness of the financial geography.
Based on the competitiveness of the financial geographic,it measures the level of financial development of the sample cities, and the top three are Chengdu, Chongqing and Xi'an.Taking the cluster analysis method, the sample cities are divided into four square, that Chengdu belongs to the first phalanx, Xi'an, Chongqing and Kunming belong to the second phalanx, Nanning, Urumqi, Hohhot, and Guiyang belong to the third phalanx, Lanzhou and Yinchuan belong to the fourth square. Although the majority of the capital city of the western region have the urge to build a regional financial center, but the paper argues that the growth of the regional financial center of man's will. For example, the level of financial development in Kunming and Urumqi two cities are relatively good, but the radiation is relatively small, so the target of the regional financial center is not realistic for a long period of time. By calculating the spatial extent of the hinterland of the alternative node cities, it eventually filters out two cities as major cities in the western region of China's current regional financial center layout, namely Chengdu and Xi'an, among which Chengdu is one of the core city of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, Xi'an is the core city of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic Zone.From the strategic perspective of national economic zone herein western regional financial center layout were discussed.Finally, this article proposes a specific path about in the western region to build regional financial center, that should follow "the province Financial Centre-Inter-provincial Financial Linkage Center Western regional financial center," the gradual development path, and propose appropriate policy measures about regional financial policies and the financial environment conducive to the growth of the regional financial center.
本文以区域金融发展理论、金融地理学、金融中心的相关理论为指导,从金融集聚、新制度经济学以及蝴蝶效应与路径依赖理论等视角深入探讨了金融中心成长的内在机制。研究认为,金融中心的形成一方面依赖于自然集聚,即实体经济增长引起居民和企业对各类金融服务的需求剧增,带来金融体系的不断扩张,从而导致金融中心的形成；另一方面,政府推进模式使得金融集聚区的形成具有一定超前性,即供给引导是金融体系发生质变的另一个重要的推动力。特别是在金融中心形成的早期阶段,政府的引导作用起到了决定性作用,而一旦金融中心的发展进入自组织阶段,政府的主导作用将会减弱。基于以上理论分析,进一步阐述了我国西部地区构建区域金融中心的可行性,并分析了未来西部地区区域金融中心的发展趋势。文章基于金融地理学思想,构建起一套评价西部地区区域金融中心成长水平的指标评价体系,形成金融地理竞争力指标。运用计量经济学的研究方法,深入研究了西部十个区域金融中心备选节点城市的金融地理竞争力水平。研究认为,经济要素、效率要素、信息要素、区位要素以及金融要素对金融地理竞争力的影响较为显著。
本文基于金融地理竞争力指标对样本城市的金融发展水平进了测度,排在前三位的分别是成都、重庆和西安。运用聚类分析方法,将样本城市分为四个方阵,其中成都属于第一方阵,西安、重庆和昆明属于第二方阵,南宁、乌鲁木齐、呼和浩特以及贵阳属于第三方阵,兰州与银川属于第四方阵。虽然西部地区多数省会城市都有建设区域金融中心的冲动,但是本文认为,区域金融中心的成长不以人的意志为转移。例如昆明和乌鲁木齐两个城市的金融发展水平都相对较好,但是,辐射能力还相对较小,所以其区域金融中心的目标在未来相当长的一段时间内并不现实。通过计算备选节点城市的腹地空间范围,最终筛选出两个城市作为我国当前西部地区区域金融中心发展的重点城市,即成都和西安,其中,成都是成渝经济区的核心城市之一,西安是关中—天水经济区的核心城市。文章从国家级经济区的战略视角对本文所作的西部区域金融中心的发展格局进行了展望。最后本文提出了西部地区构建区域金融中心的具体路径,即应当遵循“省内金融中心—省际金融联动中心—西部区域金融中心”这一循序渐进的发展路径,并从构建有利于区域金融中心成长的区域金融政策、培育有利于区域金融中心成长的金融生态环境两个方面来提出相应的政策措施。
For a long time, finance as an important part of the economy, is also showing a relatively strong regional characteristics, due to the different level of economic development, natural resource endowments on the spatial structure has significant non-equilibrium of our country. Financial resources, and related elements in space driven by the rapid accumulation to urban centers, lead to the gradual formation of a regional financial center. Regional financial center growth process, through the combined effect of financial agglomeration, diffusion effects, spillover effects and the effects of economic growth, regional financial resources achieving optimal configuration, it stimulates regional economic growth. Given to the importance of the regional financial center, most underdeveloped western regional capital cities have also set off a regional financial center construction boom.This situation needs to be calmly analyzed, thought deeply. The growth of financial center has its own internal rules or mechanism.If we do not recognize the hidden objective laws, blind actions will inevitably bring harm to regional economic development.
In this paper, the theory of the regional financial development, financial geography, the theory of the financial center as the guide, it relys on the theory from the perspective of financial agglomeration^new institutional economics and the butterfly effect and path dependence theory to explore the internal mechanism of the growth of the financial center. Studies suggest that the formation of financial centers depends on the natural gathering on the one hand that the real economic growth causing the demand of the residents and business demand for various financial services surge, bringing financial system ever-expanding, leading to the formation of a financial center; on the other hand, the model of the government promotion makes the formation of the financial gathering area with a certain advance, that supply is another important driving force to guide the financial system undergoing a qualitative change. Especially in the early stage of the formation of the financial center, the guiding role of the government plays a decisive role, but once into the stage of self-organization of the financial center, the leading role of the government will be weakened. Based on the above theoretical analysis, it furtherly elaborates the feasibility of constructing regional financial centers in the western region, and analyzes the development trend of the future regional financial center of the western region. Based on the financial geography of thought, it builts up a set of evaluation index system to evaluate the growing level in the western region regional financial center, and gets financial geography competitiveness index.Taking the econometric research methods, it studys o the level of competitiveness of the western financial geography of ten regional financial center alternative nodes of the city deeply. Studies suggest that economic factors, efficiency factors, information elements, location factors,and financial elements,have more significant to the competitiveness of the financial geography.
Based on the competitiveness of the financial geographic,it measures the level of financial development of the sample cities, and the top three are Chengdu, Chongqing and Xi'an.Taking the cluster analysis method, the sample cities are divided into four square, that Chengdu belongs to the first phalanx, Xi'an, Chongqing and Kunming belong to the second phalanx, Nanning, Urumqi, Hohhot, and Guiyang belong to the third phalanx, Lanzhou and Yinchuan belong to the fourth square. Although the majority of the capital city of the western region have the urge to build a regional financial center, but the paper argues that the growth of the regional financial center of man's will. For example, the level of financial development in Kunming and Urumqi two cities are relatively good, but the radiation is relatively small, so the target of the regional financial center is not realistic for a long period of time. By calculating the spatial extent of the hinterland of the alternative node cities, it eventually filters out two cities as major cities in the western region of China's current regional financial center layout, namely Chengdu and Xi'an, among which Chengdu is one of the core city of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, Xi'an is the core city of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic Zone.From the strategic perspective of national economic zone herein western regional financial center layout were discussed.Finally, this article proposes a specific path about in the western region to build regional financial center, that should follow "the province Financial Centre-Inter-provincial Financial Linkage Center Western regional financial center," the gradual development path, and propose appropriate policy measures about regional financial policies and the financial environment conducive to the growth of the regional financial center.
引文
① 资料来源：殷德生、肖顺喜：《体制转轨中的区域经济研究》,上海,学林出版社2000年版。
1 1820年的纽约人口为123700,费城人口是112000;到了1860年,这两个数字就变成了1080330和565529
1 《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》被业界称作是专门针对在美上市公司的“严刑峻法”,这套法案要求上市公司对产生财务费用的所有作业流程,如能见度、透明度控制、通信、风险管理和欺诈防范等进行控制,且这些流程必须详加记录到可追查交易源头的地步,整个流程极为严格和苛刻。
1 2006年,IPO最大的三家公司,中国工商银行、中国银行、和俄罗斯石油公司都放弃了纽约市场。
2 其天然的不稳定性是指,只依靠美元作为世界储备货币,必然依赖美国长期保持贸易逆差,才能使得美元流入世界各地,其他国家方能获得美元供应,长期来看,必然会影响人们对美元的信心,引起美元危机便成为必然。美国如果长期保持国际收支平衡,国际储备的供应就会受到影响,各国就会普遍面临情场能力不足。所以,这是布雷顿森林体系面临的一个与生俱来的致命缺陷。
1 资料来源：薛波,王倩.上海国际金融中心信息处理系统研究[J].上海金融,2007(9)
1 曹源芳.中国区域金融中心体系研究—以金融地理学为理论视角 中国金融出版社.2010.
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1 1820年的纽约人口为123700,费城人口是112000;到了1860年,这两个数字就变成了1080330和565529
1 《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》被业界称作是专门针对在美上市公司的“严刑峻法”,这套法案要求上市公司对产生财务费用的所有作业流程,如能见度、透明度控制、通信、风险管理和欺诈防范等进行控制,且这些流程必须详加记录到可追查交易源头的地步,整个流程极为严格和苛刻。
1 2006年,IPO最大的三家公司,中国工商银行、中国银行、和俄罗斯石油公司都放弃了纽约市场。
2 其天然的不稳定性是指,只依靠美元作为世界储备货币,必然依赖美国长期保持贸易逆差,才能使得美元流入世界各地,其他国家方能获得美元供应,长期来看,必然会影响人们对美元的信心,引起美元危机便成为必然。美国如果长期保持国际收支平衡,国际储备的供应就会受到影响,各国就会普遍面临情场能力不足。所以,这是布雷顿森林体系面临的一个与生俱来的致命缺陷。
1 资料来源：薛波,王倩.上海国际金融中心信息处理系统研究[J].上海金融,2007(9)
1 曹源芳.中国区域金融中心体系研究—以金融地理学为理论视角 中国金融出版社.2010.
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