人力资本对新生代农民工职业流动的影响研究
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摘要
随着工业化程度的不断深化和城市化进程的推进,农村剩余劳动力向非农产业的依次转移,农业人口的数量和比重不断减少是一个国家现代化进程中必不可少的一个环节。综观人口迁移经典理论成果和发达国家的人口迁移历程和模式,并结合我国农村剩余劳动力从农村向城镇的转移的实践表明,农村劳动力城乡间的平稳有序转移,是实现是我国人口城镇化、农业现代化道路的必然选择。根据国家统计局统计数据显示,2012年全国农民工总量达到2.6亿人。数量巨大的农村劳动力在城乡间流动,为我国经济增长作出巨大贡献,但由于受限于户籍制度、二元劳动力市场分割、农民工人力资本约束等国情而产生诸如农民工工作变换是否受人力资本约束、工作变换方向是向上、水平还是向下、工作变换是“停驻”还是“迁移”等一系列工作变换的现象,学界把这种现象称之为职业流动。进而职业流动的状况事关农民工的工资收入,而农民工的工资收入又是衡量农民工生存和发展质量的最重要指标。进一步,农民工尤其是80后、90后的新生代农民工是人口城镇化的主体,是城市外来流动人口的重要组成部分,其职业流动(工作变换)问题已成为破解我国当前社会经济发展中的一系列问题的关键所在。那么,立足当前,新生代农民工职业流动状况如何、呈现什么样的态势和规律?其职业流动方向受哪些因素影响?进一步,新生代农民工职业下一步又将会如何变动、是“停驻”还是“迁移”?若“迁移”,是变换“新的工作”还是创业?其就业、创业意愿如何?其决策的依据是什么?
本文主要内容包括：(1)在人口迁移理论分析的基础上,借鉴国内外研究成果,构建以“成本—收益”为分析框架,以“停驻者—迁移者”为着眼点,以职业流动为主线的理论模型。(2)对新生代农民工的样本进行统计交叉对比分析,揭示新生代农民工的特征和职业流动规律。(3)考察人力资本对新生代农民工工资的影响；进一步,基于当前工作与上一份工作的工资变化,作为新生代农民工职业流动方向的标准,考察新生代农民工职业流动方向。(4)在准确而全面调查研究的基础上,对新生代农民工职业流动意愿进行实证分析,测算人力资本等因素对新生代农民工的职业流动意愿的影响；进一步,在新生代职业流动意愿基础上,着重考察新生代农民工创业型就业意愿的影响因素并测算其影响。(5)在上述研究的基础上,从人力资本提升、社会资本积累视角,研究如何提高新生代农民工就业能力、合理引导职业流动以提高其就业质量,进而提出促进新生代农民工稳定有序流动的政策建议。
研究形成以下几点结论：
其一、从人力资本对新生代农民工工资影响来看,受教育年数、从业时间及有无技能这三个集中代表劳动者人力资本水平的变量都对工资有显著的正向影响。此外,建筑行业变量对工资的影响极为显著；城市规模越大对新生代农民工工资收入影响程度就越大。
其二、从人力资本对新生代农民工职业流动方向来看,人力资本提升可以促使新生代农民工职业的向上流动,职业流动次数越多,很可能导致其在低层次的、频繁的水平流动,采取主动流动方式的新生代农民工很可能选择变化职业,实现职业向上流动。进一步可以发现,除人力资本是影响新生代农民工的重要因素外,职业流动性以及职业流动方式也是影响新生代农民工职业流动方向的重要因素。
其三、从人力资本对新生代农民工职业流动意愿选择来看,受教育程度、从业时间、技能、培训等衡量人力资本的变量是影响新生代农民工是否发生职业流动重要的影响因素。从业时间越长,拥有技能的新生代农民工倾向于“继续从事当前工作”；受教育程度越高,上网接受培训的新生代农民工更倾向于“职业流动”。对新生代农民工职业流动意愿的具体特征进行归纳,可以看出“继续从事当前工作”的新生代农民工的劳动生产率较高,与Blumen“迁移者—停驻者”模型所揭示的观点基本一致。此外,新生代农民工“停驻者”和“迁移者”特征如下：高中以下文化程度、从业时间越长、拥有技能、当前工资收入满意度越高、与当地人融洽相处、关注本行业信息的新生代农民工更倾向继续从事当前工作；年龄因素、家庭收入水平越高、获取工作凭借社会网络、上网招聘及接受培训等对新生代农民工变换新的工作抑或创业有显著的正向影响。
其四、从人力资本对新生代农民工创业型就业意愿的影响来看,人力资本对新生代农民工创业型就业意愿有显著的影响。受教育程度越高,更快接受新事物,其模仿创新能力不断提升,更好地识别和捕捉商业机会,因而越有可能选择创业；参加过培训对提高当期的农民工工资水平有显著的正影响,但伴随工资水平的提高,创业的动力和意愿就会明显下降。此外,社会资本与新生代农民工创业型就业意愿显著正相关；新生代农民工创业型就业意愿存在年龄和性别差异。
本研究的创新点有以下几点：其一,在立意及研究视角方面,借鉴国内外研究成果,构建以“成本—收益”为分析框架,以“停驻者—迁移者”为着眼点,以职业流动为主线的理论模型。其二,在研究内容上,本文将新生代农民工年龄与同期青年人的职业发展阶段相结合,把年龄分为“社会闯荡期”、“职业磨合期”、“事业起步期”,延伸了对新生代农民工不同年龄段的考察。重点考察了新生代农民工不同群体(性别、行业、地区等)之间的差异,拓展了对其不同群体内部变化及差异的研究。其三,在研究方法上,采用分位数回归模型构建扩展的Mincer工资方程,并与OLS回归结果进行对比,探究不同收入阶层的工资差异。基于工资变化,采用当期工作与上一份工作的工资差额作为职业流动变化的标准,又引入了职业流动方式(主动、被动)变量,更准确刻画新生代农民工当前职业流动的变化。在已有研究基础上,首先把新生代农民工样本分为两大类：“继续从事当前工作”和“职业流动”。进一步把“迁移”这一职业流动状态进一步细化。拓展了“停驻者—迁移者”模型。
With industrialization and urbanization quickening in China, rural surplus labor transfer to non-agricultural industries in turn and the decreasing number and proportion of agricultural population have been an essential part of country's modernization process. Looking at the results of the migration classical theory and migration history and patterns of developed countries and combining with the practice that China's rural surplus labor transfer from rural to urban,which suggests that smooth and orderly metastasis of rural labor in urban and rural areas is an inevitable choice that achieves the country's industrialization, population urbanization and agricultural modernization. According to the National Bureau of Statistics data shows that the total quality of migrant workers reach260million in2012. Huge number of rural labor flow between urban and rural areas make a significant contribution to China's economic growth. While, due to be limited by household registration system, dual labor market segmentation and human capital constraints of migrant workers,which generate a series of phenomenon such as whether human capital constraints working change of migrant workers, job change direction is upward, downward or horizontal and working transformation is "docked" or "migrate" that is called "occupational mobility". And then occupational mobility relates to wages of migrant workers, so wages also become the most important indicator to measure survival and development of migrant workers. Further, migrant workers, especially the new generation of migrant workers after80s and90s have became a subject of population urbanization and an important part of the city's floating population, their occupational mobility have became a key to break a series of issues China's current social and economic development. So, based on current, how is occupational mobility situation of new generation of migrant workers, what kind of situation and law show us? What factors influence the flow direction? Further, what the new generation of migrant workers occupation will change? Is "docked" or "migrate"? If choosing"migration",is it transformed "new work" or entrepreneurship? how to start employment wishes? What is the basis for their decision-making?
The main contents including:(1)On the basis of theoretical analysis of population migration, drawing on research results abroad and building the theoretical model, which make the "cost-benefit" as analysis framework, focus on "docked person-migrants" and set occupational mobility as the main line.(2)Counting the cross comparative analysis on the different ages of the new generation of migrant workers, men and women in-both groups, job type, industry type, city type, different income groups and the direction and wishes of occupational mobility to reveal characteristics and occupational mobility law ministry of the new generation of farmers.(3)Study the infection of human capital on the new generation of migrant workers' wages; And then, the wage changes of current job companying with last one are regarded as standard of occupational mobility direction, examining the occupational mobility direction of the new generation of migrant workers.(4)On the basis of the accurate and comprehensive investigation,we analyze empirically occupational mobility wishes of the new generation of migrant workers and estimate the factors that human capital impact occupational mobility wishes of the new generation of migrant workers; Further, based on the professional mobility wishes, we focus on the factors of entrepreneurial employment and measure its impact.(5) On the basis of these studies, we set perspective of human social capital accumulation,research how to improve the employability of the new generation of migrant workers, guard occupational mobility to improve employment quality in reason and put forward to policy recommendations that can promote a stable and orderly mobility of the new generation of migrant workers.
Research formed the following conclusions:
First of all, observe the impact of human capital on wages from the new generation of migrant workers, the three variable showing human capital level including the years number of education, job time and the presence of skilled practitioners all have a significant positive effect on wages.Moreover construction industry variables affecting on wages is extremely significant; the larger of city, the greater degree of influence on the wage of the new of migrant workers.
Secondly, from the direction human capital on occupational mobility, the human capital accumulation can promote upward mobility of the new of migrant workers, more occupational mobility is likely to cause a low level and frequent horizontal flow, taking the initiative approach to flow is likely to change their career choices and achieve upward occupational mobility. Further you can find, in addition that human capital is the important factor for affecting the new generation of migrant workers, the occupational mobility and career mobility also affect the direction of occupational mobility.
Thirdly, from the willingness to choose of human capital on the new generation of migrant workers, the longer practitioners time tend to make them choose"continue to engage in this work"; the new of migrant workers owning higher level of education and internet training are more inclined to "occupational mobility". The variables of measuring human capital such as education, employment time, skills and training are important factors for affecting occupational mobility occurs. Summarizing specific features on occupational mobility wishes from the new generation of migrant workers, we can see that the labor who continues to engage in this work owns higher productivity, which consistent with the basic model of Blumen on"migrants-docked".
Fourthly, from the impact of entrepreneurial willingness from human capital on the new generation of migrant workers, human capital has a significant impact on the new generation of migrant workers' willingness of entrepreneurial employment. The higher the education level, faster ability to accept new things,improving its ability to innovate and imitate and identifying and capturing business opportunities better,which are more likely to choose entrepreneurship; participating in the training have a significant positive influence on improving the current level of wages of migrant workers, but with higher wages, entrepreneurial dynamism and willingness will be decreased. In addition,social capital correlates positively with entrepreneurial intention from the new of migrant workers; There exists the differences of age and gender on entrepreneurial intention employment from the new of migrant workers.
The innovation of this study are the following:Firstly, in terms of conception and research perspective, drawing on the research results abroad, building a theoretical model that make the"cost-benefit"as analysis framework,focus on"docked-migrants" and set occupational mobility as the main line, according to the different stages of occupational mobility, researching the infection of human capital on the new generation of migrant workers from two aspects of occupational mobility behavior and wishes. Secondly, in terms of research, this article correct the age of the new of migrant workers with career development stage for young people over the same period and divide age into the "social battles period ","occupation run-in period " and "career start period",extend the expedition on different ages of the new of migrant workers. Emphasis on the differences between groups (gender, industry, region, etc.) between the different generation of migrant workers, expanding the study to its internal changes and differences between different groups.Thirdly, in terms of research methods, the article use quantile regression model to build extensions Mincer wage equation, compare with results of OLS regression and explore the wage differences between different income groups. Based on changes in wages, using the wage differences that current work compared with last one as changing standards of occupational mobility, introducing occupational mobility mode (active and passive) variables to portray accurately the current occupational mobility. On the basis of previous studies, the sample of the new generation of migrant workers was divided into two categories:"continue to engage in this work" and "occupational mobility", refining "migration" further. That is to expand the "docked person-migrants" models.
本文主要内容包括：(1)在人口迁移理论分析的基础上,借鉴国内外研究成果,构建以“成本—收益”为分析框架,以“停驻者—迁移者”为着眼点,以职业流动为主线的理论模型。(2)对新生代农民工的样本进行统计交叉对比分析,揭示新生代农民工的特征和职业流动规律。(3)考察人力资本对新生代农民工工资的影响；进一步,基于当前工作与上一份工作的工资变化,作为新生代农民工职业流动方向的标准,考察新生代农民工职业流动方向。(4)在准确而全面调查研究的基础上,对新生代农民工职业流动意愿进行实证分析,测算人力资本等因素对新生代农民工的职业流动意愿的影响；进一步,在新生代职业流动意愿基础上,着重考察新生代农民工创业型就业意愿的影响因素并测算其影响。(5)在上述研究的基础上,从人力资本提升、社会资本积累视角,研究如何提高新生代农民工就业能力、合理引导职业流动以提高其就业质量,进而提出促进新生代农民工稳定有序流动的政策建议。
研究形成以下几点结论：
其一、从人力资本对新生代农民工工资影响来看,受教育年数、从业时间及有无技能这三个集中代表劳动者人力资本水平的变量都对工资有显著的正向影响。此外,建筑行业变量对工资的影响极为显著；城市规模越大对新生代农民工工资收入影响程度就越大。
其二、从人力资本对新生代农民工职业流动方向来看,人力资本提升可以促使新生代农民工职业的向上流动,职业流动次数越多,很可能导致其在低层次的、频繁的水平流动,采取主动流动方式的新生代农民工很可能选择变化职业,实现职业向上流动。进一步可以发现,除人力资本是影响新生代农民工的重要因素外,职业流动性以及职业流动方式也是影响新生代农民工职业流动方向的重要因素。
其三、从人力资本对新生代农民工职业流动意愿选择来看,受教育程度、从业时间、技能、培训等衡量人力资本的变量是影响新生代农民工是否发生职业流动重要的影响因素。从业时间越长,拥有技能的新生代农民工倾向于“继续从事当前工作”；受教育程度越高,上网接受培训的新生代农民工更倾向于“职业流动”。对新生代农民工职业流动意愿的具体特征进行归纳,可以看出“继续从事当前工作”的新生代农民工的劳动生产率较高,与Blumen“迁移者—停驻者”模型所揭示的观点基本一致。此外,新生代农民工“停驻者”和“迁移者”特征如下：高中以下文化程度、从业时间越长、拥有技能、当前工资收入满意度越高、与当地人融洽相处、关注本行业信息的新生代农民工更倾向继续从事当前工作；年龄因素、家庭收入水平越高、获取工作凭借社会网络、上网招聘及接受培训等对新生代农民工变换新的工作抑或创业有显著的正向影响。
其四、从人力资本对新生代农民工创业型就业意愿的影响来看,人力资本对新生代农民工创业型就业意愿有显著的影响。受教育程度越高,更快接受新事物,其模仿创新能力不断提升,更好地识别和捕捉商业机会,因而越有可能选择创业；参加过培训对提高当期的农民工工资水平有显著的正影响,但伴随工资水平的提高,创业的动力和意愿就会明显下降。此外,社会资本与新生代农民工创业型就业意愿显著正相关；新生代农民工创业型就业意愿存在年龄和性别差异。
本研究的创新点有以下几点：其一,在立意及研究视角方面,借鉴国内外研究成果,构建以“成本—收益”为分析框架,以“停驻者—迁移者”为着眼点,以职业流动为主线的理论模型。其二,在研究内容上,本文将新生代农民工年龄与同期青年人的职业发展阶段相结合,把年龄分为“社会闯荡期”、“职业磨合期”、“事业起步期”,延伸了对新生代农民工不同年龄段的考察。重点考察了新生代农民工不同群体(性别、行业、地区等)之间的差异,拓展了对其不同群体内部变化及差异的研究。其三,在研究方法上,采用分位数回归模型构建扩展的Mincer工资方程,并与OLS回归结果进行对比,探究不同收入阶层的工资差异。基于工资变化,采用当期工作与上一份工作的工资差额作为职业流动变化的标准,又引入了职业流动方式(主动、被动)变量,更准确刻画新生代农民工当前职业流动的变化。在已有研究基础上,首先把新生代农民工样本分为两大类：“继续从事当前工作”和“职业流动”。进一步把“迁移”这一职业流动状态进一步细化。拓展了“停驻者—迁移者”模型。
With industrialization and urbanization quickening in China, rural surplus labor transfer to non-agricultural industries in turn and the decreasing number and proportion of agricultural population have been an essential part of country's modernization process. Looking at the results of the migration classical theory and migration history and patterns of developed countries and combining with the practice that China's rural surplus labor transfer from rural to urban,which suggests that smooth and orderly metastasis of rural labor in urban and rural areas is an inevitable choice that achieves the country's industrialization, population urbanization and agricultural modernization. According to the National Bureau of Statistics data shows that the total quality of migrant workers reach260million in2012. Huge number of rural labor flow between urban and rural areas make a significant contribution to China's economic growth. While, due to be limited by household registration system, dual labor market segmentation and human capital constraints of migrant workers,which generate a series of phenomenon such as whether human capital constraints working change of migrant workers, job change direction is upward, downward or horizontal and working transformation is "docked" or "migrate" that is called "occupational mobility". And then occupational mobility relates to wages of migrant workers, so wages also become the most important indicator to measure survival and development of migrant workers. Further, migrant workers, especially the new generation of migrant workers after80s and90s have became a subject of population urbanization and an important part of the city's floating population, their occupational mobility have became a key to break a series of issues China's current social and economic development. So, based on current, how is occupational mobility situation of new generation of migrant workers, what kind of situation and law show us? What factors influence the flow direction? Further, what the new generation of migrant workers occupation will change? Is "docked" or "migrate"? If choosing"migration",is it transformed "new work" or entrepreneurship? how to start employment wishes? What is the basis for their decision-making?
The main contents including:(1)On the basis of theoretical analysis of population migration, drawing on research results abroad and building the theoretical model, which make the "cost-benefit" as analysis framework, focus on "docked person-migrants" and set occupational mobility as the main line.(2)Counting the cross comparative analysis on the different ages of the new generation of migrant workers, men and women in-both groups, job type, industry type, city type, different income groups and the direction and wishes of occupational mobility to reveal characteristics and occupational mobility law ministry of the new generation of farmers.(3)Study the infection of human capital on the new generation of migrant workers' wages; And then, the wage changes of current job companying with last one are regarded as standard of occupational mobility direction, examining the occupational mobility direction of the new generation of migrant workers.(4)On the basis of the accurate and comprehensive investigation,we analyze empirically occupational mobility wishes of the new generation of migrant workers and estimate the factors that human capital impact occupational mobility wishes of the new generation of migrant workers; Further, based on the professional mobility wishes, we focus on the factors of entrepreneurial employment and measure its impact.(5) On the basis of these studies, we set perspective of human social capital accumulation,research how to improve the employability of the new generation of migrant workers, guard occupational mobility to improve employment quality in reason and put forward to policy recommendations that can promote a stable and orderly mobility of the new generation of migrant workers.
Research formed the following conclusions:
First of all, observe the impact of human capital on wages from the new generation of migrant workers, the three variable showing human capital level including the years number of education, job time and the presence of skilled practitioners all have a significant positive effect on wages.Moreover construction industry variables affecting on wages is extremely significant; the larger of city, the greater degree of influence on the wage of the new of migrant workers.
Secondly, from the direction human capital on occupational mobility, the human capital accumulation can promote upward mobility of the new of migrant workers, more occupational mobility is likely to cause a low level and frequent horizontal flow, taking the initiative approach to flow is likely to change their career choices and achieve upward occupational mobility. Further you can find, in addition that human capital is the important factor for affecting the new generation of migrant workers, the occupational mobility and career mobility also affect the direction of occupational mobility.
Thirdly, from the willingness to choose of human capital on the new generation of migrant workers, the longer practitioners time tend to make them choose"continue to engage in this work"; the new of migrant workers owning higher level of education and internet training are more inclined to "occupational mobility". The variables of measuring human capital such as education, employment time, skills and training are important factors for affecting occupational mobility occurs. Summarizing specific features on occupational mobility wishes from the new generation of migrant workers, we can see that the labor who continues to engage in this work owns higher productivity, which consistent with the basic model of Blumen on"migrants-docked".
Fourthly, from the impact of entrepreneurial willingness from human capital on the new generation of migrant workers, human capital has a significant impact on the new generation of migrant workers' willingness of entrepreneurial employment. The higher the education level, faster ability to accept new things,improving its ability to innovate and imitate and identifying and capturing business opportunities better,which are more likely to choose entrepreneurship; participating in the training have a significant positive influence on improving the current level of wages of migrant workers, but with higher wages, entrepreneurial dynamism and willingness will be decreased. In addition,social capital correlates positively with entrepreneurial intention from the new of migrant workers; There exists the differences of age and gender on entrepreneurial intention employment from the new of migrant workers.
The innovation of this study are the following:Firstly, in terms of conception and research perspective, drawing on the research results abroad, building a theoretical model that make the"cost-benefit"as analysis framework,focus on"docked-migrants" and set occupational mobility as the main line, according to the different stages of occupational mobility, researching the infection of human capital on the new generation of migrant workers from two aspects of occupational mobility behavior and wishes. Secondly, in terms of research, this article correct the age of the new of migrant workers with career development stage for young people over the same period and divide age into the "social battles period ","occupation run-in period " and "career start period",extend the expedition on different ages of the new of migrant workers. Emphasis on the differences between groups (gender, industry, region, etc.) between the different generation of migrant workers, expanding the study to its internal changes and differences between different groups.Thirdly, in terms of research methods, the article use quantile regression model to build extensions Mincer wage equation, compare with results of OLS regression and explore the wage differences between different income groups. Based on changes in wages, using the wage differences that current work compared with last one as changing standards of occupational mobility, introducing occupational mobility mode (active and passive) variables to portray accurately the current occupational mobility. On the basis of previous studies, the sample of the new generation of migrant workers was divided into two categories:"continue to engage in this work" and "occupational mobility", refining "migration" further. That is to expand the "docked person-migrants" models.
引文
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3. 陈钦约.2010基于社会网络的企业家创业能力和创业绩效研究.南开大学,(5).
4. 程业炳,韦文联.2012基于返乡创业背景下的农民工创业园建设研究.探索,(2):35-42.
5. 范明,肖璐.2012基于社会网络视角的大学生村官创业意愿研究.农业经济问题,(5):20-25.
6. 葛玉好.2007工资分布的性别差异：分位数分解方法.上海经济研究,(4):22-30.
7. 古家军,谢凤华.2012农民创业活跃度影响农民收入的区域差异分析.农业经济问题,(2):25-30.
8. 郝朝艳,平新乔.2012农户的创业选择及其影响因素.中国农村经济,(4):33-39.
9. 黄娟.2012农民工城市社会网络研究.南开大学,5.
10.黄瑞芹.2009中国贫困地区农村居民社会网络资本.中国农村经济,(1):16-20.
11.黄武.2010农户对有偿技术服务的需求意愿及其影响因素分析——以江苏省种植业为例.中国农村观察,(2):54-62.
12.蒋剑勇,郭红东.2012创业氛围、社会网络和农民创业意向.中国农村经济,(4):28-34.
13.金城武.2009城镇劳动力市场上不同户籍就业人口的收入差异.中国人口科学,(4):32-47.
14.李伯华,宋月萍等.2010中国流动人口生存发展状况报告——基于重点地区流动人口监测试点调查.人口研究(1)
15.李长安.2010农民工职业流动歧视及对收入影响的实证分析.人口与经济,(6):27-46.
16.李晗.2010分配制度与中国城市居民社会网络的演变.甘肃社会科学,(1):52-55.
17.李汉宗.2011农民工群体的内部差异—社会流动与社会网络.武汉大学,2011.5.
18.李强.2004农民工与中国社会分层,北京：中国社会出版社.
19.李强.1999中国大陆城市农民工的职业流动.社会学研究,(3):93-101.
20.李翔.2009农民工返乡创业的多维分析和体系构建.农村经济,(11):45-47.
21.李晓周,丁志国.2010基于认知偏差的非理性决策行为解析.当代经济研究,(06):35-39.
22.廖根深.2010当代青年职业流动周期的研究——兼论当代中国青年职业发展的三个阶段.中国青年研究,(1):35-40.
23.林坚,葛晓巍.2007我国农民的职业流动及择业期望.浙江大学学报,(2):110-117.
24.林斐.2004对安徽省百名打工农民回乡创办企业的问卷调查及分析.中国农村经济,(3):72-76.
25.刘金菊.2011中国城市的职业流动：水平与差异.中国农村观察,(2):88-93
26.刘士杰.2011人力资本、职业搜寻渠道、职业流动对农民工工资的影响——基于分位数回归和OLS回归的实证分析.人口学刊,(5):16-24.
27.刘唐宇.2010农民工回乡创业的影响因素分析.农业经济问题,(9):41-54.
28.吕晓兰,姚先国.2013农民工职业流动类型与收入效应的性别差异分析.经济学家,(6):57-68.
29.吕晓兰,姚先国.2012职业流动与行业收入决定分析.经济学动态,(6):85-91.
30.马光荣,杨恩艳.2011社会网络、非正规金融与创业.经济研究,(3).
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