统一信息网空间数据通信传输协议研究
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摘要
近年来，随着我国航空航天的迅速发展，构建天空地一体化的测控通信网（统一信息网，UIN）的需求变得更加急迫，这是因为该网络可以①解决空间飞行器的全程测控与导航问题；②解决航天资源重复建设、利用率低、信息量少的问题；③解决空间遥感大数据量信息传输，特别是实时传输问题；④解决移动通信全球覆盖问题；⑤解决深空探测中继问题；⑥解决航空信息子网等诸多问题。由此可见，构建和发展UIN对我国而言，具有非常重要的意义。
目前，总装、总参、中国工程院、国家自然科学基金委等多家单位都在研究天空地一体化测控通信网，但是构建天空地一体化测控通信网是一个宏大的计划，需要做大量的具体技术充实。
在此大环境下，本课题以中国工程院重点咨询项目“空间信息网(SIN)的构建研究”和中国空间技术研究院西安分院项目“天空地一体化测控通信网的研究”为依托，重点研究了空间数据通信协议规范中的传输协议。
本文主要工作如下：
①指出了研究空间通信协议规范传输协议(SCPS-TP)的现实意义。它是空间数据通信特性的需要，是与国际发达国家接轨以及转化和应用SCPS的需要，也是构建我国自主统一信息网的需要。
②提出了一种基于有线等效网络(WEN)的空间信息网构架，包括空间局域网(SLAN)、空间广域网(SWAN)和越区切换协议。WEN把空间飞行器按区域、轨道和功能来分集组网。众多飞行器之间物理上是通过无线链路连接的，但在一定时间和一定条件下，可认为WEN是一个用若干长到几万公里的光缆、电缆柔性（或弹性）连接成的有线网络。
③完整阐述了空间通信协议规范传输协议的性能特点，与地面无线网络TCP相比，SCPS-TP在误比特率、往返时间、连接的连续性、前向和后向的链路性能、CPU和内存容量、通信目的和数据丢失原因等方面都存在较大差异，同时根据这些性能差异，在地面TCP的基础上，进行了适应性的改进，从而形成适合空间数据通信的SCPS-TP。另外，笔者还独立翻译并整理出SCPS-TP蓝皮书中译本。
④研究了美国的MITRE公司开源的SCPS-TP源代码，介绍了该项目产生的背景、代码的组织结构、主要文件说明，分析了SCPS的关键函数并进行了注解，说明了可执行程序的操作，最后通过搭建实验室测试床对代码进行了验证。
⑤深入研究了地面无线通信中能有效提高吞吐量的传输控制协议/网络编码(TCP/NC)技术，详细描述了其算法的理论基础和具体实施过程，并通过数学建模进行了吞吐量的推导，最后通过仿真验证了该技术的有效性。
⑥结合空间数据通信的特点和地面无线通信的TCP/NC的优点，提出了一种改进的TCP/NC技术SCPS-TP/NC，该技术可应用于空间数据通信。给出了算法设计的详细流程，并搭建了基于NS2的仿真平台。在NS2平台中，主要实现了SCPS-TP和NC协议栈。通过仿真，验证了SCPS-TP/NC可以有效地提高端到端系统的吞吐量。
相对于地面无线网络通信来说，由于空间通信协议的验证难度较大，本课题的很多工作目前也是基于理论的推导和实验室仿真，还有很多理论到实践的工作还需要在未来的工作中进一步落实。
In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s aerospace, constructing theSky-Space-Ground Integrated Tracking Telemetering (TTC)&Command andCommunication Network (also named Unified Information Network (UIN)) has beenmore and more urgent. Because this network can solve the problems of:①the wholejourney TTC and navigation of areocrafts,②the repeated construction, low utilizationand less information of space resource,③the space remote sensing large amount datatransmission, especially the real-time transmission,④the global coverage of mobilecommunication,⑤the deep space probe and relay;⑥the aviation information subnet,etc. As we can see, it is very important to construct and develop UIN in our country.
At present, General Armament Department, General Staff Headquarters, ChineseAcademy of Engineering and National Natural Science Foundation of China, etc, hasbeen researching UIN, which is a huge engineering, and needs enriching manytechnologies.Under this environment, this paper focus on Space CommunicationProtocol Specification-Transport Protocol (SCPS-TP), which is based on ChineseAcademy of Engineering’s consulting project “Study on the constructing of SpaceInformation Networks (SIN)” and Xi'an Branch of China Academy of SpaceTechnology’s project “Study on Integrated Space-Sky-Ground TTC and Communications”. The main work of this paper is shown as follows:
①We point out the practical significance of SCPS-TP. It is the need of space datacommunitioncommunication, the integration with developd developed countries as wellas the transformation and application SCPS, also the construction of independent selfUIN.
②We assist our tutor to propose a space information network architecture basedon Wired Equivalent Network (WEN), including Space Local Area Network (SLAN),Space Wide Area Network (SWAN), and handoff protocol. WEN builds networks byregion, orbit and function of the areocraft. These aerocrafts are physically connectedthrough wireless links. However, in a certain time and under certain conditions, WENcan be seen as a long with several tens of thousands of kilometers of fiber optic cable orthe cable, flexible (or elastic) connected to a wired network.
③We comprehensively elaborate the characteristics of SCPS-TP. SCPS-TP hasmany differences with ground wireless network TCP, such as error bit rate, round-trip delay, continuity,forward and reverse link capacity, CPU and memory capacity,communication goals, and reason of data loss, etc. Considering the differences inenvironment, we make some improvements based on ground TCP, which formsSCPS-TP. Moreover, we also independently translate and sort out SCPS-TP blue book(you can find it in Attachment).
④We study the MITRE Inc.’s SCPS-TP source code, and introduce thebackground of this project, the organization of code and the introduction of the mainfiles. Then, we analyse the SCPS’s key functions and give the operation manual. Finally,the source code is verified by laboratory test bed.
⑤By introducing a terrestrial wireless communication technology, TransportControl Protocol/Netwrok Coding (TCP/NC), which can improve the throughputeffectively, we detailedly describe its theory foundation and concrete operating process,and deduce the throughput by math modeling. At last, the simulation results verifyTCP/NC’s effectiveness.
⑥Combing with the characteristics of SCPS-TP and advantages of terrestrialTCP/NC, a modified TCP/NC—SCPS-TP/NC, which can be used in space datacommunication, is proposed. We give a detailed process of this algorithm, and setup asimulation platform based on Network Simulator2(NS2). In NS2, we newly addSCPS-TP and NC protocols. SCPS-TP/NC can effectively improve the system end toend throughput by simulations.
Compared to terrestrial wireless communications, the verification of spacecommunication protocol is much more difficult. So, most of our current work dependson theoretical derivation and laboratory simulation, while much practical work still needto be implemented in future work.
目前，总装、总参、中国工程院、国家自然科学基金委等多家单位都在研究天空地一体化测控通信网，但是构建天空地一体化测控通信网是一个宏大的计划，需要做大量的具体技术充实。
在此大环境下，本课题以中国工程院重点咨询项目“空间信息网(SIN)的构建研究”和中国空间技术研究院西安分院项目“天空地一体化测控通信网的研究”为依托，重点研究了空间数据通信协议规范中的传输协议。
本文主要工作如下：
①指出了研究空间通信协议规范传输协议(SCPS-TP)的现实意义。它是空间数据通信特性的需要，是与国际发达国家接轨以及转化和应用SCPS的需要，也是构建我国自主统一信息网的需要。
②提出了一种基于有线等效网络(WEN)的空间信息网构架，包括空间局域网(SLAN)、空间广域网(SWAN)和越区切换协议。WEN把空间飞行器按区域、轨道和功能来分集组网。众多飞行器之间物理上是通过无线链路连接的，但在一定时间和一定条件下，可认为WEN是一个用若干长到几万公里的光缆、电缆柔性（或弹性）连接成的有线网络。
③完整阐述了空间通信协议规范传输协议的性能特点，与地面无线网络TCP相比，SCPS-TP在误比特率、往返时间、连接的连续性、前向和后向的链路性能、CPU和内存容量、通信目的和数据丢失原因等方面都存在较大差异，同时根据这些性能差异，在地面TCP的基础上，进行了适应性的改进，从而形成适合空间数据通信的SCPS-TP。另外，笔者还独立翻译并整理出SCPS-TP蓝皮书中译本。
④研究了美国的MITRE公司开源的SCPS-TP源代码，介绍了该项目产生的背景、代码的组织结构、主要文件说明，分析了SCPS的关键函数并进行了注解，说明了可执行程序的操作，最后通过搭建实验室测试床对代码进行了验证。
⑤深入研究了地面无线通信中能有效提高吞吐量的传输控制协议/网络编码(TCP/NC)技术，详细描述了其算法的理论基础和具体实施过程，并通过数学建模进行了吞吐量的推导，最后通过仿真验证了该技术的有效性。
⑥结合空间数据通信的特点和地面无线通信的TCP/NC的优点，提出了一种改进的TCP/NC技术SCPS-TP/NC，该技术可应用于空间数据通信。给出了算法设计的详细流程，并搭建了基于NS2的仿真平台。在NS2平台中，主要实现了SCPS-TP和NC协议栈。通过仿真，验证了SCPS-TP/NC可以有效地提高端到端系统的吞吐量。
相对于地面无线网络通信来说，由于空间通信协议的验证难度较大，本课题的很多工作目前也是基于理论的推导和实验室仿真，还有很多理论到实践的工作还需要在未来的工作中进一步落实。
In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s aerospace, constructing theSky-Space-Ground Integrated Tracking Telemetering (TTC)&Command andCommunication Network (also named Unified Information Network (UIN)) has beenmore and more urgent. Because this network can solve the problems of:①the wholejourney TTC and navigation of areocrafts,②the repeated construction, low utilizationand less information of space resource,③the space remote sensing large amount datatransmission, especially the real-time transmission,④the global coverage of mobilecommunication,⑤the deep space probe and relay;⑥the aviation information subnet,etc. As we can see, it is very important to construct and develop UIN in our country.
At present, General Armament Department, General Staff Headquarters, ChineseAcademy of Engineering and National Natural Science Foundation of China, etc, hasbeen researching UIN, which is a huge engineering, and needs enriching manytechnologies.Under this environment, this paper focus on Space CommunicationProtocol Specification-Transport Protocol (SCPS-TP), which is based on ChineseAcademy of Engineering’s consulting project “Study on the constructing of SpaceInformation Networks (SIN)” and Xi'an Branch of China Academy of SpaceTechnology’s project “Study on Integrated Space-Sky-Ground TTC and Communications”. The main work of this paper is shown as follows:
①We point out the practical significance of SCPS-TP. It is the need of space datacommunitioncommunication, the integration with developd developed countries as wellas the transformation and application SCPS, also the construction of independent selfUIN.
②We assist our tutor to propose a space information network architecture basedon Wired Equivalent Network (WEN), including Space Local Area Network (SLAN),Space Wide Area Network (SWAN), and handoff protocol. WEN builds networks byregion, orbit and function of the areocraft. These aerocrafts are physically connectedthrough wireless links. However, in a certain time and under certain conditions, WENcan be seen as a long with several tens of thousands of kilometers of fiber optic cable orthe cable, flexible (or elastic) connected to a wired network.
③We comprehensively elaborate the characteristics of SCPS-TP. SCPS-TP hasmany differences with ground wireless network TCP, such as error bit rate, round-trip delay, continuity,forward and reverse link capacity, CPU and memory capacity,communication goals, and reason of data loss, etc. Considering the differences inenvironment, we make some improvements based on ground TCP, which formsSCPS-TP. Moreover, we also independently translate and sort out SCPS-TP blue book(you can find it in Attachment).
④We study the MITRE Inc.’s SCPS-TP source code, and introduce thebackground of this project, the organization of code and the introduction of the mainfiles. Then, we analyse the SCPS’s key functions and give the operation manual. Finally,the source code is verified by laboratory test bed.
⑤By introducing a terrestrial wireless communication technology, TransportControl Protocol/Netwrok Coding (TCP/NC), which can improve the throughputeffectively, we detailedly describe its theory foundation and concrete operating process,and deduce the throughput by math modeling. At last, the simulation results verifyTCP/NC’s effectiveness.
⑥Combing with the characteristics of SCPS-TP and advantages of terrestrialTCP/NC, a modified TCP/NC—SCPS-TP/NC, which can be used in space datacommunication, is proposed. We give a detailed process of this algorithm, and setup asimulation platform based on Network Simulator2(NS2). In NS2, we newly addSCPS-TP and NC protocols. SCPS-TP/NC can effectively improve the system end toend throughput by simulations.
Compared to terrestrial wireless communications, the verification of spacecommunication protocol is much more difficult. So, most of our current work dependson theoretical derivation and laboratory simulation, while much practical work still needto be implemented in future work.
引文
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