领导行为与组织创新对电子政务绩效的影响研究
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摘要
随着政治、经济一体化的推进和不断深入，世界各国都面临着为适应内外部环境变化而建设高效政府的重要问题。信息技术的发展和广泛应用及其为工商企业带来的巨大价值，为各国政府由产生于工业时代的传统政府向符合信息时代要求的新型政府转化提供了有益借鉴。利用信息技术构建电子政务从而改善政府管理状况已经成为世界各国政府的努力方向。然而政府中大量信息技术的投入并没有获得预期成效，因而如何提高和改善电子政务绩效成为极具理论价值和现实意义的问题。
电子政务活动受到很多因素影响，其中领导行为表明了电子政务活动的方向性，组织创新则有利于发挥信息技术的潜在价值，这两类因素是影响电子政务绩效的关键内在影响因素。因此，本研究就领导行为和组织创新对电子政务绩效的影响进行了深入研究。
文中首先界定了电子政务的概念，将之与相关概念进行了辨析，并从电子政务优势来源、电子政务系统、电子政务与传统政务的区别等三方面探讨了电子政务的优势；进一步界定了电子政务绩效并在一定原则基础上构建了符合我国实际的电子政务绩效评价体系；基于领导理论对电子政务活动中的领导行为进行了分析，将领导行为设定为领导认知行为和战略领导行为两方面；基于组织创新原理、电子政务活动中组织创新特点以及我国政府组织管理现状对电子政务活动中的组织创新进行了分析，进而将组织创新设定为组织文化创新和组织结构创新两方面。在以上研究基础上构建了本文的理论框架，提出了领导行为通过组织创新影响电子政务绩效的理论命题。本部分研究内容为后续研究奠定了理论基础。
依据前文理论基础研究，进行了研究设计。首先构建了领导行为通过组织创新影响电子政务绩效的研究模型，提出了相关理论命题和相应的研究假设。依据实证需要选择了数据分析方法，并依据理论基础研究设计了调查问卷工具。通过抽样方法及追踪调查，以我国山东A市政府的工作人员为抽样调查样本总体，以电子邮件和纸质问卷方式发放了调查问卷，最终获取有效问卷112份，由此获得研究的主数据。对主数据进行了样本特征分析、描述性统计分析、可靠性分析、合理性分析以及适用性分析，为后文的结构方程分析奠定了基础。
在实证研究中，首先运用因子分析对电子政务绩效以及领导认知行为、战略领导行为、组织文化创新和组织结构创新分类状况进行了效度和信度检验，以验证各因素分类的合理性，同时为数据简化提供基础。对简化数据运用结构方程方法进行了分析——首先界定了研究模型的结构方程模型形式，将电子政务活动中的领导行为和组织创新对电子政务绩效的影响理论模型转换为相应的数学方程式并绘制了路径图；然后进行了结构方程模型识别，结果表明本文界定的结构方程模型是可识别的；在此基础上编辑LISREL程序对模式各参数进行了估计，该估计结果通过了违犯性估计检验、模型整体效度检验、模型内在结构评价，同时与竞争模型进行比较分析也表明本研究提出的理论模型具有更好的拟合度，由此确定了理论模型是合理的。抽取相关路径分析数据，检验研究假设和验证相应理论命题。
最后依据主数据各类分析结果和结构方程模型分析结果，从“电子政务绩效、电子政务活动中的领导行为和组织创新的基本状况”，“样本特征的影响”，以及“领导行为和组织创新的影响效果”这三个方面对研究结果进行了论述，并提出了研究结果的应用建议。
With integration of politics and economy around the world advancingconstantly, government management how to adapt to changes in the externalenvironment and to construct a more effective administrative system, has becomea global issue. Along with information technology (IT) developing, wideapplying and IT bringing great value to enterprises, governments are faced withthe urgent requirement of transformation from the traditional government arisingfrom the Industrial Age to e-government of the Information Age. And now howexisting government to acclimatize itself to environmental changes and toimprove performance of e-government (PEG) activities by building e-government, becomes an issue bearing great theoretical and practical values.
From implementing to working, e-government are influenced by manyfactors, in which leadership delegates direction of e-government and organizationinnovation benefits realizing potential value of IT. So we research deeply oninfluence of leadership and organization innovation on PEG.
We study theoretical base of influence of leadership and organizationinnovation on PEG. In the paper, we first definite e-government and differentiatesit with related concepts, discuss advantage of e-government from origin, e-government system and differentiation between e-government and traditionalgovernment. Then we define PEG, and construct its evaluation system in linewith our country facts based on some principle. We analyze leadership andorganization innovation related e-government， the former includes e-government cognition (EC) and strategic leadership (SL), and the latter includesadministrative culture innovation (ACI) and organizational structure innovation(OSI). Then, we construct theoretical framework which suggests the mainproposition that leadership influences PEG through organization innovation.
Then, we design the whole research process. We construct research model ofinfluence of leadership and organization innovation on PEG, including correlativepropositions and corresponding hypothese. We choose dada analysis instrumentaccording to need of empirical research, and design survey questionnairescientifically. The sampling population is all servants working in a certain government. Through sampling method and sending e-mail and questionnaire inpaper, the research attains112valid questionnaire finally which is used as mainresearch data. And the analysis of demographic characteristics, descriptivestatistics, reliability, rationality and applicability on main research dataestablishes necessary foundation for structural equation model (SEM).
In the empirical research, we first test the classification rationality of everymeasuring scale of PEG, EC, SL, ACI and OSI, and provide foundation forsimplifying data. We definite the SEM by research model, and identify it, thenestimate and evaluate the SEM through LISREL program. After passing throughoffending estimates test, the whole validity test and internal validity test, wechoose a competitive model and compare it with research model. The resultindicates that the research model can fit main data more than competitive model,so we confirm theoretical model of the research. Then we test all the hypotheseand propositions.
Based on analysis results of data quality and SEM, we discuss three aspectsof research findings-the status of PEG, leadership and organization innovation,sample characters’ effect and force of leadership and organization innovation.And then we propose some suggestion of applying research findings.
电子政务活动受到很多因素影响，其中领导行为表明了电子政务活动的方向性，组织创新则有利于发挥信息技术的潜在价值，这两类因素是影响电子政务绩效的关键内在影响因素。因此，本研究就领导行为和组织创新对电子政务绩效的影响进行了深入研究。
文中首先界定了电子政务的概念，将之与相关概念进行了辨析，并从电子政务优势来源、电子政务系统、电子政务与传统政务的区别等三方面探讨了电子政务的优势；进一步界定了电子政务绩效并在一定原则基础上构建了符合我国实际的电子政务绩效评价体系；基于领导理论对电子政务活动中的领导行为进行了分析，将领导行为设定为领导认知行为和战略领导行为两方面；基于组织创新原理、电子政务活动中组织创新特点以及我国政府组织管理现状对电子政务活动中的组织创新进行了分析，进而将组织创新设定为组织文化创新和组织结构创新两方面。在以上研究基础上构建了本文的理论框架，提出了领导行为通过组织创新影响电子政务绩效的理论命题。本部分研究内容为后续研究奠定了理论基础。
依据前文理论基础研究，进行了研究设计。首先构建了领导行为通过组织创新影响电子政务绩效的研究模型，提出了相关理论命题和相应的研究假设。依据实证需要选择了数据分析方法，并依据理论基础研究设计了调查问卷工具。通过抽样方法及追踪调查，以我国山东A市政府的工作人员为抽样调查样本总体，以电子邮件和纸质问卷方式发放了调查问卷，最终获取有效问卷112份，由此获得研究的主数据。对主数据进行了样本特征分析、描述性统计分析、可靠性分析、合理性分析以及适用性分析，为后文的结构方程分析奠定了基础。
在实证研究中，首先运用因子分析对电子政务绩效以及领导认知行为、战略领导行为、组织文化创新和组织结构创新分类状况进行了效度和信度检验，以验证各因素分类的合理性，同时为数据简化提供基础。对简化数据运用结构方程方法进行了分析——首先界定了研究模型的结构方程模型形式，将电子政务活动中的领导行为和组织创新对电子政务绩效的影响理论模型转换为相应的数学方程式并绘制了路径图；然后进行了结构方程模型识别，结果表明本文界定的结构方程模型是可识别的；在此基础上编辑LISREL程序对模式各参数进行了估计，该估计结果通过了违犯性估计检验、模型整体效度检验、模型内在结构评价，同时与竞争模型进行比较分析也表明本研究提出的理论模型具有更好的拟合度，由此确定了理论模型是合理的。抽取相关路径分析数据，检验研究假设和验证相应理论命题。
最后依据主数据各类分析结果和结构方程模型分析结果，从“电子政务绩效、电子政务活动中的领导行为和组织创新的基本状况”，“样本特征的影响”，以及“领导行为和组织创新的影响效果”这三个方面对研究结果进行了论述，并提出了研究结果的应用建议。
With integration of politics and economy around the world advancingconstantly, government management how to adapt to changes in the externalenvironment and to construct a more effective administrative system, has becomea global issue. Along with information technology (IT) developing, wideapplying and IT bringing great value to enterprises, governments are faced withthe urgent requirement of transformation from the traditional government arisingfrom the Industrial Age to e-government of the Information Age. And now howexisting government to acclimatize itself to environmental changes and toimprove performance of e-government (PEG) activities by building e-government, becomes an issue bearing great theoretical and practical values.
From implementing to working, e-government are influenced by manyfactors, in which leadership delegates direction of e-government and organizationinnovation benefits realizing potential value of IT. So we research deeply oninfluence of leadership and organization innovation on PEG.
We study theoretical base of influence of leadership and organizationinnovation on PEG. In the paper, we first definite e-government and differentiatesit with related concepts, discuss advantage of e-government from origin, e-government system and differentiation between e-government and traditionalgovernment. Then we define PEG, and construct its evaluation system in linewith our country facts based on some principle. We analyze leadership andorganization innovation related e-government， the former includes e-government cognition (EC) and strategic leadership (SL), and the latter includesadministrative culture innovation (ACI) and organizational structure innovation(OSI). Then, we construct theoretical framework which suggests the mainproposition that leadership influences PEG through organization innovation.
Then, we design the whole research process. We construct research model ofinfluence of leadership and organization innovation on PEG, including correlativepropositions and corresponding hypothese. We choose dada analysis instrumentaccording to need of empirical research, and design survey questionnairescientifically. The sampling population is all servants working in a certain government. Through sampling method and sending e-mail and questionnaire inpaper, the research attains112valid questionnaire finally which is used as mainresearch data. And the analysis of demographic characteristics, descriptivestatistics, reliability, rationality and applicability on main research dataestablishes necessary foundation for structural equation model (SEM).
In the empirical research, we first test the classification rationality of everymeasuring scale of PEG, EC, SL, ACI and OSI, and provide foundation forsimplifying data. We definite the SEM by research model, and identify it, thenestimate and evaluate the SEM through LISREL program. After passing throughoffending estimates test, the whole validity test and internal validity test, wechoose a competitive model and compare it with research model. The resultindicates that the research model can fit main data more than competitive model,so we confirm theoretical model of the research. Then we test all the hypotheseand propositions.
Based on analysis results of data quality and SEM, we discuss three aspectsof research findings-the status of PEG, leadership and organization innovation,sample characters’ effect and force of leadership and organization innovation.And then we propose some suggestion of applying research findings.
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