旋转电磁效应对海水水质及紫铜腐蚀行为的影响机理
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摘要
本文从传统旋转电机的功能新应用角度出发，以旋转电机温升反问题的旋转电磁效应为切入点，研究了旋转电磁效应所涉及热效应、交变磁场效应和交变磁记忆效应对海水水质的影响规律，以及紫铜腐蚀形貌的演变规律和腐蚀产物物相成分的演化规律，分析了旋转电磁效应对紫铜电化学腐蚀行为的影响机理。
热效应对3.5%NaCl溶液的水质影响实验中，随着温度的变化，溶液的水质参数，如电导率、溶解氧浓度以及pH值均发生变化。通过对不同峰值温度的3.5%NaCl溶液进行测试分析得知，随着温度的升高，电导率持续减小，且在升温与降温过程中均发生突变，溶解氧浓度先减小后增大，pH值持续增大，但其增幅不超过0.6。温度通过对CO2和O2在溶液中的溶解度的影响，使溶液的水质参数发生变化。
通过电化学腐蚀实验研究了热效应对紫铜电化学腐蚀行为的影响。极化曲线测试结果表明，紫铜在50℃的溶液中腐蚀电位最高，在30℃的溶液中腐蚀电流最小，且在30℃的溶液中钝化最明显。阻抗谱测试结果表明，等效电路由电阻Rs、常相角元件Qdl和电阻Rpo并联、常相角元件Qox和电阻Rox并联共三个单元的串联组成。实验结果表明，仅在30℃的溶液中有缓蚀效果，缓蚀效率为4.06%。通过扫描电镜照片可以看出，溶液温度为30℃时，紫铜表面生成了明显的钝化膜，而在其它温度溶液中未出现明显的钝化膜。XRD成分分析表明，紫铜表面的腐蚀产物主要有Cu2O和CuCl，其中以致钝产物CuCl为主。
旋转电磁效应对3.5%NaCl溶液的水质影响实验结果表明，旋转电磁处理实验阶段，随着处理时间的增加，溶液的电导率先迅速减小然后增大，溶解氧浓度先减小然后稳定，pH值持续增大，温度先升高然后稳定，且对于不同电磁交变频率处理，水质的变化趋势一致；磁记忆性实验阶段，电导率持续增大，溶解氧浓度也有增大的趋势，pH值基本保持不变，温度先降低然后稳定。旋转电磁效应对水质的影响是热效应和交变磁场效应的耦合作用，热效应改变了CO2和O2在3.5%NaCl溶液中的溶解度，同时交变磁场效应使水分子因极性而定向排列，上述两方面综合作用使溶液的电导率、溶解氧浓度以及pH值发生变化。热效应对水质的影响没有记忆性，而交变磁场效应对水质的影响具有记忆性。
通过电化学腐蚀实验研究了旋转电磁效应对紫铜电化学腐蚀行为的影响，结果表明，旋转电磁处理实验阶段和磁记忆性实验阶段均具有良好的缓蚀效果。极化曲线测试结果表明，旋转电磁处理实验阶段，交变磁场对提高紫铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位没有明显的作用，但可以显著减小紫铜的腐蚀电流，且极化曲线存在较宽的钝化区。交变磁场效应的最佳缓蚀参数是交变频率50Hz处理3h，缓蚀效率为83.60%。磁记忆性实验阶段，紫铜的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流的变化趋势与旋转电磁处理实验阶段一致，表现出明显的记忆性。磁记忆效应的最佳缓蚀参数是交变频率200Hz处理12h后磁记忆12h，缓蚀效率为83.56%。阻抗谱分析表明，等效电路与热效应时相同，由电阻Rs、常相角元件Qdl和电阻Rpo并联、常相角元件Qox和电阻Rox并联共三个单元的串联组成，但构成元件的参数发生了较大变化。通过扫描电镜照片可以看出，紫铜的腐蚀产物形貌相比热效应时要均匀致密。XRD成分分析表明，紫铜表面的腐蚀产物与热效应时相同，主要有Cu2O和CuCl，其中以致钝产物CuCl为主。
The influence of thermal effect, rotating electromagnetic field effect and rotatingelectromagnetic memory effect on seawater quality and corrosion of copper wereresearched in this paper from the view of new function application of traditionalrotation motor. And influence mechanism of effect of rotating electromagnetic effecton corrosion of copper was also analyzed.
In the experiment that how the thermal effect influenced the water quality of3.5%NaCl solution, water quality parameters of solution such as conductivity, dissolvedoxygen and pH change when the temperature changes. Water quality of different peaktemperature of3.5%NaCl solution was tested and analyzed. From the results, it can beseen that the conductivity and pH decreases all the way, dissolved oxygen decreasesfirst and then increases with the temperature increasing and mutation of conductivityocuurred in healting and cooling. Because of the solubility of CO2and O2affected bytemperature, water quality parameters of3.5%NaCl solution change.
The influence of thermal effect on copper electrochemical corrosion behavior wasinvestigated by using electrochemical test. From polarization curve, it could be seenthat the corrosion potential of copper was maximum in50℃solution and corrosioncurrent was minimum in30℃solution. And the passivation happening in30℃wasthe most obviously. From AC impedance spectroscopy, it could be seen that theequivalent circuit diagram was composed by three units in series, and the three unitswere resistance Rs, constant phase angle element Qdland resistor Rpoin parallel andconstant phase angle element Qoxand resistor Roxin parallel respectively. Thecorrosion inhibition efficiency only appeared in30℃and anticorrosion efficient was4.06%. From SEM images, there was passive film only formed in30℃. Fromcomponent analysis, the corrosion products of copper were composed by Cu2O andCuCl. And it was dominated by passive product CuCl.
In the experiment that how the rotating electromagnetic effect influenced thewater quality of3.5%NaCl solution, conductivity decreased quickly and thenincreased, dissolved oxygen decreased all the way, pH increased all the way andtemperature increased firstly and then reached stable value with the treatment timeincreasing in stage of rotating electromagnetic treatment experiments. Conductivityincreased all the way, dissolved oxygen had increasing trend, pH kept invariant andtemperature decreased always in stage of magnetic memory experiments. Because of the solubility of CO2and O2affected by thermal effect and directional arrangement ofwater molecules influenced by alternating magnetic field effect, water qualityparameters of3.5%NaCl solution changed. The thermal effect on water quality onlyaffected temperature, but rotating electromagnetic field effect on water quality showsmemory.
The influence of rotating electromagnetic field effect on copper electrochemicalcorrosion behavior was investigated by using electrochemical test. The results showthat there is good corrosion inhibition efficiency in stage of rotating electromagneticfield effect processing experiments and rotating electromagnetic memory experiments.From polarization curves, it can be seen that in3.5%NaCl solution the corrosionpotential of copper doesn’t change obviously, but the corrosion current decreases andthere has a wide passivation region in stage of rotating electromagnetic field effectprocessing experiments. The best corrosion inhibition parameter is50Hz treats3hours,and the anticorrosion efficient is83.60%. The changing trend of corrosion potentialand current of copper in stage of magnetic memory experiments is consistent withrotating electromagnetic field effect processing experiments, and it shows obviousmemorablity. The best corrosion inhibition parameter is memorizing12h after200Hztreats12h, and the anticorrosion efficient is83.56%. From AC impedance spectroscopy,it can be seen that the equivalent circuit diagram is composed by three units in series,and the three units are resistance Rs, constant phase angle element Qdland resistor Rpoin parallel and constant phase angle element Qoxand resistor Roxin parallel respectively,but the parameters of elements are different. From SEM images, the specimen ofcopper is compact compared with the specimen in thermal effect experiments. Fromcomponent analysis, it can be seen that the corrosion products of copper are same withthermal effect experiments which are composed by Cu2O and CuCl, and it isdominated by passive product CuCl.
热效应对3.5%NaCl溶液的水质影响实验中，随着温度的变化，溶液的水质参数，如电导率、溶解氧浓度以及pH值均发生变化。通过对不同峰值温度的3.5%NaCl溶液进行测试分析得知，随着温度的升高，电导率持续减小，且在升温与降温过程中均发生突变，溶解氧浓度先减小后增大，pH值持续增大，但其增幅不超过0.6。温度通过对CO2和O2在溶液中的溶解度的影响，使溶液的水质参数发生变化。
通过电化学腐蚀实验研究了热效应对紫铜电化学腐蚀行为的影响。极化曲线测试结果表明，紫铜在50℃的溶液中腐蚀电位最高，在30℃的溶液中腐蚀电流最小，且在30℃的溶液中钝化最明显。阻抗谱测试结果表明，等效电路由电阻Rs、常相角元件Qdl和电阻Rpo并联、常相角元件Qox和电阻Rox并联共三个单元的串联组成。实验结果表明，仅在30℃的溶液中有缓蚀效果，缓蚀效率为4.06%。通过扫描电镜照片可以看出，溶液温度为30℃时，紫铜表面生成了明显的钝化膜，而在其它温度溶液中未出现明显的钝化膜。XRD成分分析表明，紫铜表面的腐蚀产物主要有Cu2O和CuCl，其中以致钝产物CuCl为主。
旋转电磁效应对3.5%NaCl溶液的水质影响实验结果表明，旋转电磁处理实验阶段，随着处理时间的增加，溶液的电导率先迅速减小然后增大，溶解氧浓度先减小然后稳定，pH值持续增大，温度先升高然后稳定，且对于不同电磁交变频率处理，水质的变化趋势一致；磁记忆性实验阶段，电导率持续增大，溶解氧浓度也有增大的趋势，pH值基本保持不变，温度先降低然后稳定。旋转电磁效应对水质的影响是热效应和交变磁场效应的耦合作用，热效应改变了CO2和O2在3.5%NaCl溶液中的溶解度，同时交变磁场效应使水分子因极性而定向排列，上述两方面综合作用使溶液的电导率、溶解氧浓度以及pH值发生变化。热效应对水质的影响没有记忆性，而交变磁场效应对水质的影响具有记忆性。
通过电化学腐蚀实验研究了旋转电磁效应对紫铜电化学腐蚀行为的影响，结果表明，旋转电磁处理实验阶段和磁记忆性实验阶段均具有良好的缓蚀效果。极化曲线测试结果表明，旋转电磁处理实验阶段，交变磁场对提高紫铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位没有明显的作用，但可以显著减小紫铜的腐蚀电流，且极化曲线存在较宽的钝化区。交变磁场效应的最佳缓蚀参数是交变频率50Hz处理3h，缓蚀效率为83.60%。磁记忆性实验阶段，紫铜的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流的变化趋势与旋转电磁处理实验阶段一致，表现出明显的记忆性。磁记忆效应的最佳缓蚀参数是交变频率200Hz处理12h后磁记忆12h，缓蚀效率为83.56%。阻抗谱分析表明，等效电路与热效应时相同，由电阻Rs、常相角元件Qdl和电阻Rpo并联、常相角元件Qox和电阻Rox并联共三个单元的串联组成，但构成元件的参数发生了较大变化。通过扫描电镜照片可以看出，紫铜的腐蚀产物形貌相比热效应时要均匀致密。XRD成分分析表明，紫铜表面的腐蚀产物与热效应时相同，主要有Cu2O和CuCl，其中以致钝产物CuCl为主。
The influence of thermal effect, rotating electromagnetic field effect and rotatingelectromagnetic memory effect on seawater quality and corrosion of copper wereresearched in this paper from the view of new function application of traditionalrotation motor. And influence mechanism of effect of rotating electromagnetic effecton corrosion of copper was also analyzed.
In the experiment that how the thermal effect influenced the water quality of3.5%NaCl solution, water quality parameters of solution such as conductivity, dissolvedoxygen and pH change when the temperature changes. Water quality of different peaktemperature of3.5%NaCl solution was tested and analyzed. From the results, it can beseen that the conductivity and pH decreases all the way, dissolved oxygen decreasesfirst and then increases with the temperature increasing and mutation of conductivityocuurred in healting and cooling. Because of the solubility of CO2and O2affected bytemperature, water quality parameters of3.5%NaCl solution change.
The influence of thermal effect on copper electrochemical corrosion behavior wasinvestigated by using electrochemical test. From polarization curve, it could be seenthat the corrosion potential of copper was maximum in50℃solution and corrosioncurrent was minimum in30℃solution. And the passivation happening in30℃wasthe most obviously. From AC impedance spectroscopy, it could be seen that theequivalent circuit diagram was composed by three units in series, and the three unitswere resistance Rs, constant phase angle element Qdland resistor Rpoin parallel andconstant phase angle element Qoxand resistor Roxin parallel respectively. Thecorrosion inhibition efficiency only appeared in30℃and anticorrosion efficient was4.06%. From SEM images, there was passive film only formed in30℃. Fromcomponent analysis, the corrosion products of copper were composed by Cu2O andCuCl. And it was dominated by passive product CuCl.
In the experiment that how the rotating electromagnetic effect influenced thewater quality of3.5%NaCl solution, conductivity decreased quickly and thenincreased, dissolved oxygen decreased all the way, pH increased all the way andtemperature increased firstly and then reached stable value with the treatment timeincreasing in stage of rotating electromagnetic treatment experiments. Conductivityincreased all the way, dissolved oxygen had increasing trend, pH kept invariant andtemperature decreased always in stage of magnetic memory experiments. Because of the solubility of CO2and O2affected by thermal effect and directional arrangement ofwater molecules influenced by alternating magnetic field effect, water qualityparameters of3.5%NaCl solution changed. The thermal effect on water quality onlyaffected temperature, but rotating electromagnetic field effect on water quality showsmemory.
The influence of rotating electromagnetic field effect on copper electrochemicalcorrosion behavior was investigated by using electrochemical test. The results showthat there is good corrosion inhibition efficiency in stage of rotating electromagneticfield effect processing experiments and rotating electromagnetic memory experiments.From polarization curves, it can be seen that in3.5%NaCl solution the corrosionpotential of copper doesn’t change obviously, but the corrosion current decreases andthere has a wide passivation region in stage of rotating electromagnetic field effectprocessing experiments. The best corrosion inhibition parameter is50Hz treats3hours,and the anticorrosion efficient is83.60%. The changing trend of corrosion potentialand current of copper in stage of magnetic memory experiments is consistent withrotating electromagnetic field effect processing experiments, and it shows obviousmemorablity. The best corrosion inhibition parameter is memorizing12h after200Hztreats12h, and the anticorrosion efficient is83.56%. From AC impedance spectroscopy,it can be seen that the equivalent circuit diagram is composed by three units in series,and the three units are resistance Rs, constant phase angle element Qdland resistor Rpoin parallel and constant phase angle element Qoxand resistor Roxin parallel respectively,but the parameters of elements are different. From SEM images, the specimen ofcopper is compact compared with the specimen in thermal effect experiments. Fromcomponent analysis, it can be seen that the corrosion products of copper are same withthermal effect experiments which are composed by Cu2O and CuCl, and it isdominated by passive product CuCl.
引文
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