临涣矿区东南缘瓦斯赋存构造控制特征及防治技术研究
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摘要
针对淮北煤田临涣矿区东南缘矿井瓦斯赋存和突出灾害具有明显的构造控制特征这一特点，本文运用地球化学、构造地质学、岩石矿物学、物理化学、渗流力学、岩石力学等多学科交叉的研究方法，采用理论分析、数值模拟、实验室测定分析与现场工程实践等手段，以该区域两大典型矿井——许疃和任楼煤矿做为研究对象，对构造控制下的矿井瓦斯赋存状态与赋存规律进行了研究，提出相应的分区分级安全开采技术体系。论文的研究内容对建立单一煤层条件下或煤层群赋存条件下的区域性瓦斯综合治理技术体系有着重要的理论指导意义。
论文针对许疃煤矿33采区南北翼瓦斯差异性赋存特征以及采区南翼有大面积厚层古近系红层沉积的特点，通过地面钻井采集岩样，对比分析了红层与常见煤系地层岩石（泥岩、砂岩、粉砂岩）在矿物成分、孔隙结构、渗透性以及煤层瓦斯封盖能力上的差异。结合33采区煤样的多元物性参数测试结果，发现红层沉积对煤的物性参数没有显著影响，造成采区南北两翼瓦斯差异性赋存的原因主要在于煤层上覆巨厚红层的影响。红层的孔隙结构以小孔和中孔为主，与砂岩、泥岩和粉砂岩相比具有高孔隙率、高渗透性的特点，对煤层瓦斯的封盖能力较差。现场瓦斯含量和瓦斯成分测定结果也表明红层覆盖区32煤层瓦斯含量小、煤层瓦斯赋存呈现瓦斯风化带特征，说明在红层沉积的区域煤系地层透气性好，其下伏煤层瓦斯逸散作用强烈，煤层的煤与瓦斯突出危险性也随之减弱。
任楼煤矿靠近徐宿弧形推覆构造南段前缘，井田内石炭-二叠系煤层自沉积以来经受过两期或者两期以上大型地质构造运动的改造作用，构造极为发育。针对这一特点，本文对任楼煤矿的构造，特别是断层的分布特点进行了梳理，对矿井的地应力进行了测量，对采煤工作面过小断层时的瓦斯涌出特征开展了系统分析。研究发现任楼煤矿以水平应力为主导，最大水平主应力与垂直应力之比为2.46～2.72，且均为压应力，这一地应力分布特点为构造煤的形成提供了力学条件，同时局部的构造残余应力也容易成为诱导突出发生的重要因素。此外，任楼矿小型断层两侧的瓦斯异常涌出具有一定的规律性，最大瓦斯涌出段至断层点的距离和瓦斯异常涌出范围均与断层落差呈良好线性关系；断层附近瓦斯涌出量峰值出现的位置以及瓦斯异常涌出范围分别约为断层落差的35倍与60倍。
最后，根据许疃煤矿和任楼煤矿瓦斯赋存的构造控制特点，分别建立了适用于许疃煤矿32煤层的单一煤层分区分级瓦斯综合治理技术体系和适用于任楼煤矿7、8煤层的保护层开采及卸压瓦斯强化抽采治理技术体系。
The occurrence of gas and outburst in the southeast margin of Linhuan Coalfieldin Huaibei is dominated by the geological structure. Using the methods of theoreticalanalysis, numerical simulation, experimental analysis and engineering application,this paper gives a study on the gas occurrence state and gas occurrence law of Xutuanmine and Renlou mine, from the perspective of geochemistry, geotectonics, physicalchemistry, percolation mechanics, rock mechanics etc. A specialized gas control planfor different geological zones is drawn in the end. The results gotten in this study hasa vital meaning to the formulation of regional gas control plan under the situation ofsingle coal seam and coal seam group.
Due to a Large area of thick redbeds lying on the south part of33District inXutuan mine, there is an obvious difference in gas occurrence between north andsouth. By taking samples through surface drilling, this paper contrasts the differencesin the mineral composition, pore structure, permeability and gas storage effect amongredbeds, mudstone, sandstone and siltstone. Combining the result of physicalparameters in red-cover coal seam and uncover ones above, it is found that the red bedhas not an obvious effect on the physical parameters of coal. The reason why thisdifference occurs is the storage effect of redbeds. The main pore system is dominatedby micropores and mespores, with a higher porosity and permeability than other kindsof samples, which lead to a worse storage effect on gas. The field experiments alsodemonstrate this phenomenon. The gas content of No.32seam with red bed coveringis not big as expected. A gas weathering area exists in coal seam. The results aboveillustrate that the permeability of coal seam with red bed is fair, a large amount of gasrun away through the coal seam below. That leads to a reduction in outburst risk.
The Renlou mine is located in the front-end of the southern of Xusu arc nappestructure. The coal seam form in the permo-carboniferous system has gone through astrong geological transformation for twice or more, resulting ample of geologicalstructures. Based on the classification of the distribution characters of structures, thispaper measures the ground stress and gives a collection of gas emission statistics. Theresult reveals that the horizontal stress is2.46~2.72times as large as the vertical stress.Both the two directions of stress belong to pressure stress. These characters lead to theformation of deformed coal and provide a convenience for outburst. Besides, the gasemission in both sides of structure obeys a certain law. There are obvious relationships in the distance from largest gas emission point to the fault point with the fault throw,the abnormal gas emission scope also has such laws. These two parameters above is35times and60times as long as the fault throw respectively.
According to the characters of gas occurrence control of structures, twocomprehensive gas prevention technologies for Xutuan mine and Renlou mine areestablished. A region and level based single coalseam gas prevention technology inXutuan Coal Mine and the protective seam mining and intensified pressure-relief gasextraction technology applies to the situation of Renlou Coal Mine.
论文针对许疃煤矿33采区南北翼瓦斯差异性赋存特征以及采区南翼有大面积厚层古近系红层沉积的特点，通过地面钻井采集岩样，对比分析了红层与常见煤系地层岩石（泥岩、砂岩、粉砂岩）在矿物成分、孔隙结构、渗透性以及煤层瓦斯封盖能力上的差异。结合33采区煤样的多元物性参数测试结果，发现红层沉积对煤的物性参数没有显著影响，造成采区南北两翼瓦斯差异性赋存的原因主要在于煤层上覆巨厚红层的影响。红层的孔隙结构以小孔和中孔为主，与砂岩、泥岩和粉砂岩相比具有高孔隙率、高渗透性的特点，对煤层瓦斯的封盖能力较差。现场瓦斯含量和瓦斯成分测定结果也表明红层覆盖区32煤层瓦斯含量小、煤层瓦斯赋存呈现瓦斯风化带特征，说明在红层沉积的区域煤系地层透气性好，其下伏煤层瓦斯逸散作用强烈，煤层的煤与瓦斯突出危险性也随之减弱。
任楼煤矿靠近徐宿弧形推覆构造南段前缘，井田内石炭-二叠系煤层自沉积以来经受过两期或者两期以上大型地质构造运动的改造作用，构造极为发育。针对这一特点，本文对任楼煤矿的构造，特别是断层的分布特点进行了梳理，对矿井的地应力进行了测量，对采煤工作面过小断层时的瓦斯涌出特征开展了系统分析。研究发现任楼煤矿以水平应力为主导，最大水平主应力与垂直应力之比为2.46～2.72，且均为压应力，这一地应力分布特点为构造煤的形成提供了力学条件，同时局部的构造残余应力也容易成为诱导突出发生的重要因素。此外，任楼矿小型断层两侧的瓦斯异常涌出具有一定的规律性，最大瓦斯涌出段至断层点的距离和瓦斯异常涌出范围均与断层落差呈良好线性关系；断层附近瓦斯涌出量峰值出现的位置以及瓦斯异常涌出范围分别约为断层落差的35倍与60倍。
最后，根据许疃煤矿和任楼煤矿瓦斯赋存的构造控制特点，分别建立了适用于许疃煤矿32煤层的单一煤层分区分级瓦斯综合治理技术体系和适用于任楼煤矿7、8煤层的保护层开采及卸压瓦斯强化抽采治理技术体系。
The occurrence of gas and outburst in the southeast margin of Linhuan Coalfieldin Huaibei is dominated by the geological structure. Using the methods of theoreticalanalysis, numerical simulation, experimental analysis and engineering application,this paper gives a study on the gas occurrence state and gas occurrence law of Xutuanmine and Renlou mine, from the perspective of geochemistry, geotectonics, physicalchemistry, percolation mechanics, rock mechanics etc. A specialized gas control planfor different geological zones is drawn in the end. The results gotten in this study hasa vital meaning to the formulation of regional gas control plan under the situation ofsingle coal seam and coal seam group.
Due to a Large area of thick redbeds lying on the south part of33District inXutuan mine, there is an obvious difference in gas occurrence between north andsouth. By taking samples through surface drilling, this paper contrasts the differencesin the mineral composition, pore structure, permeability and gas storage effect amongredbeds, mudstone, sandstone and siltstone. Combining the result of physicalparameters in red-cover coal seam and uncover ones above, it is found that the red bedhas not an obvious effect on the physical parameters of coal. The reason why thisdifference occurs is the storage effect of redbeds. The main pore system is dominatedby micropores and mespores, with a higher porosity and permeability than other kindsof samples, which lead to a worse storage effect on gas. The field experiments alsodemonstrate this phenomenon. The gas content of No.32seam with red bed coveringis not big as expected. A gas weathering area exists in coal seam. The results aboveillustrate that the permeability of coal seam with red bed is fair, a large amount of gasrun away through the coal seam below. That leads to a reduction in outburst risk.
The Renlou mine is located in the front-end of the southern of Xusu arc nappestructure. The coal seam form in the permo-carboniferous system has gone through astrong geological transformation for twice or more, resulting ample of geologicalstructures. Based on the classification of the distribution characters of structures, thispaper measures the ground stress and gives a collection of gas emission statistics. Theresult reveals that the horizontal stress is2.46~2.72times as large as the vertical stress.Both the two directions of stress belong to pressure stress. These characters lead to theformation of deformed coal and provide a convenience for outburst. Besides, the gasemission in both sides of structure obeys a certain law. There are obvious relationships in the distance from largest gas emission point to the fault point with the fault throw,the abnormal gas emission scope also has such laws. These two parameters above is35times and60times as long as the fault throw respectively.
According to the characters of gas occurrence control of structures, twocomprehensive gas prevention technologies for Xutuan mine and Renlou mine areestablished. A region and level based single coalseam gas prevention technology inXutuan Coal Mine and the protective seam mining and intensified pressure-relief gasextraction technology applies to the situation of Renlou Coal Mine.
引文
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