体育课不同运动负荷组合方式对少年儿童健康体适能及情绪状态影响的实验研究
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摘要
少年儿童健康状况持续下降已成为世界各国关注的焦点,学生体力活动不足,各种慢性病呈低龄化发展趋势,已逐渐演变成为重要的社会问题。我国少年儿童健康状况一直不容乐观,作为义务教育阶段学生大部分时间都在学校度过,学校势必会成为学生健康促进发展的重要场所,学校教育理应对这一问题进行直视,找出更多有效地方法和措施促进学生健康成长。然而,这一课程中所承载的健身效果并未得到所期望的结果,在促进学生健康发展地效用方面还存在不足,主要问题在于课堂的运动质量不高,学生参与身体练习时间不足,课堂运动负荷未达到刺激学生健康发展的有效阈值。本文以提高课堂运动质量为出发点,通过不同运动负荷组合方式,探析在体育课中学生健康体适能发展和情绪状态改善地效果。
本研究,首先基于现实情形下提出研究的问题,指出研究的目的和意义,提出研究假设,确定研究方法和实验对象；其次,在国内外研究现状的基础上进行文献综述；第三,开展相关实验研究；最后,对研究结果进行综合分析与讨论,得出结论,提出建议。
本研究一,通过采用不同健康体适能循环练习干预方案对学生健康体适能和情绪状态影响的实验研究,得出结论：(1)健康体适能循环练习能有效提高课堂运动负荷,增加学生能量消耗,与对照班相比具有显著性差异,保障体育课运动负荷维持在较为稳定的区间；(2)健康体适能循环练习有助于改善学生身体成分,对提高学生肌肉力量、肌肉耐力(大强度班级)、心肺功能(MVV为15min大强度班)、柔韧度(静立性和PNF拉伸法班级)显著好于对照班。女生柔韧度进步幅度好于男生,男生立定跳远进步幅度好于女生；(3)健康体适能循环练习对学生情绪状态改善具有积极作用,对疲劳、精力情绪状态改善情况与对照班具有显著性差异。
本研究二,在体育课中融入不同持续性运动时间和运动强度,对学生健康体适能和情绪状态影响进行实验研究,得出结论：(1)持续性运动时间越长、强度越大对促进体育课运动负荷提高幅度越大,并保障体育课运动负荷维持在较为稳定区间；(2)持续性10min以上大强度运动和持续性15min中等强度运动对改善学生身体成分、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力具有促进作用。持续性5min中等强度以上运动对促进心肺功能发展具有促进作用。不同持续性运动和强度对柔韧度无显著性影响；(3)持续性15min运动(大强度或中等强度)对学生情绪状态改善具有较好促进作用。
本研究三,在体育课中通过对学生不同MVPA累积运动时间进行干预,对学生健康体适能和情绪状态影响的实验研究,得出结论：(1)体育课中累积MVPA时间增加有助于提高课堂运动负荷,且促进课堂运动负荷维持在较为稳定区间；(2)体育课不同累积MVPA时间增加对身体成分和肌肉力量改善具有促进作用,60%累积MVPA运动时间对肌肉耐力改善显著好于对照班,50%以上累积MVPA运动时间显著改善心肺耐力,不同累积MVPA时间对柔韧度改善无显著性影响；(3)体育课累积MVPA时间占课堂时间40%以上对学生情绪状态改善具有促进作用,其中,40%以上累积MVPA时间对学生疲劳情绪状态改善效果显著好于对照班学生,60%累积MVPA时间对女生精力情绪状态改善效果非常显著好于对照班女生。
Continuous recession of children's health condition has become a focus of worldwide attention. The insufficiency of students' physical activity and the low-aging developing trends of all kinds of chronic disease have gradually evolved as severe social problems. Children's health is not optimistic in our country, at the stage of compulsory education, students spent most of his time in the school, so the school should inevitably become the important place of promoting the students' health development, and then, the school education should probe into this problem, unite they could finally find out more effective methods and measures to promote the students' healthy growth. The fitness effects reflected in this course, however, don't achieve desired results in promoting the students' healthy development. The main problem lies in the lower sports quality embraced in this course, students' insufficient time of participating in physical exercise, as well as the sports load did not reach to the effective threshold of stimulating students' healthy grown. The starting point of this paper is to improve the sports quality of P.E., through different combination modes of sports load, explore and analyze the improved effects of students' healthy physical developments and emotional states in the middle school' physical education.
First of all, based on real case study, this paper pointed out the purpose and significance of the study, put forward the research hypothesis, and determined the research methods and experimental objects; Secondly, reviewed the literatures based on the research status at home and abroad; Third, implemented the related experimental research; and finally, comprehensively analyzed and discussed the research results, drawn a conclusion, as well as put forward the suggestions.
Firstly, this study drawn the conclusions by adopting a different health fitness exercises intervention programme to impact on the experimental research of students health fitness and emotional state:(1) health fitness exercises could improve the classroom exercise load, increase the students' energy consumption, have significant differences compared with comparative classes, and assure the PE exercise load to be maintained in a relatively stable interval;(2) health fitness exercises contributed to improve the students body composition, in those aspect of improving students' muscular strength, muscular endurance (vigorous intensive class), cardiopulmonary function (MVV is15min vigorous intensive class), flexibility (the class of stand quietly and the PNF stretch method), experimental classes were significantly better than comparative classes. Girls' flexibility improvements are better than boys; In the aspect of standing long jump, boys' advancements were higher than girls';(3) health fitness exercises had positive effective of improving students' emotional state, which compared with the comparative classes had significant differences in the aspects of improving fatigue, energy, emotional states.
Second, in physical education, this study integrated different sustainability movement times and movement intensities, conducted the experiment research on the influence of students' health fitness and emotional state, drawn the conclusions:(1) The longer the time, the greater the intensity of continuous movement promoted greater improvement in health fitness exercises can improve the PE exercise load, and assured the PE exercise load to be maintained in a relatively stable interval;(2) sustained more than10min vigorous intensity exercise and15min moderate intensity exercise had promoting effects on improving the body composition and muscular strength, muscular endurance. Continuous more than5min moderate intensity exercise might promote the development of heart and lung function. Different sustainability movements had no significant effects on flexibility and strength;(3) continuous15min moderate intensity exercise had better promoting effects on improving students' emotional state.
Third, This study conducted the experimental research on the influences on the students health fitness and emotional states by intervening the different MVPA cumulative times, and drawn the conclusions:(1) the increase of the cumulative MVPA times in physical class could improve the classroom exercise load, and promoted the classroom sports load can be remained in a stable range;(2) the increase of different cumulative MVPA P.E. time had promoting effects on body composition and muscular strength improvement,60%MVPA cumulative time of muscular endurance improved significantly better than that in comparative classes,50%MVPA accumulated time significantly improved cardiopulmonary function, different of MVPA cumulative time had no significant effects on flexibility improvement;(3) more than40%of physical class' MVPA cumulative time had promoting effects on improving students' emotional state, in which, more than40%of MVPA cumulative time significantly better than comparative classes on the effects of improving students' fatigue emotional states, more than60%of MVPA cumulative time significantly better than comparative classes' girls on the effects of improving girl's fatigue emotional states.
本研究,首先基于现实情形下提出研究的问题,指出研究的目的和意义,提出研究假设,确定研究方法和实验对象；其次,在国内外研究现状的基础上进行文献综述；第三,开展相关实验研究；最后,对研究结果进行综合分析与讨论,得出结论,提出建议。
本研究一,通过采用不同健康体适能循环练习干预方案对学生健康体适能和情绪状态影响的实验研究,得出结论：(1)健康体适能循环练习能有效提高课堂运动负荷,增加学生能量消耗,与对照班相比具有显著性差异,保障体育课运动负荷维持在较为稳定的区间；(2)健康体适能循环练习有助于改善学生身体成分,对提高学生肌肉力量、肌肉耐力(大强度班级)、心肺功能(MVV为15min大强度班)、柔韧度(静立性和PNF拉伸法班级)显著好于对照班。女生柔韧度进步幅度好于男生,男生立定跳远进步幅度好于女生；(3)健康体适能循环练习对学生情绪状态改善具有积极作用,对疲劳、精力情绪状态改善情况与对照班具有显著性差异。
本研究二,在体育课中融入不同持续性运动时间和运动强度,对学生健康体适能和情绪状态影响进行实验研究,得出结论：(1)持续性运动时间越长、强度越大对促进体育课运动负荷提高幅度越大,并保障体育课运动负荷维持在较为稳定区间；(2)持续性10min以上大强度运动和持续性15min中等强度运动对改善学生身体成分、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力具有促进作用。持续性5min中等强度以上运动对促进心肺功能发展具有促进作用。不同持续性运动和强度对柔韧度无显著性影响；(3)持续性15min运动(大强度或中等强度)对学生情绪状态改善具有较好促进作用。
本研究三,在体育课中通过对学生不同MVPA累积运动时间进行干预,对学生健康体适能和情绪状态影响的实验研究,得出结论：(1)体育课中累积MVPA时间增加有助于提高课堂运动负荷,且促进课堂运动负荷维持在较为稳定区间；(2)体育课不同累积MVPA时间增加对身体成分和肌肉力量改善具有促进作用,60%累积MVPA运动时间对肌肉耐力改善显著好于对照班,50%以上累积MVPA运动时间显著改善心肺耐力,不同累积MVPA时间对柔韧度改善无显著性影响；(3)体育课累积MVPA时间占课堂时间40%以上对学生情绪状态改善具有促进作用,其中,40%以上累积MVPA时间对学生疲劳情绪状态改善效果显著好于对照班学生,60%累积MVPA时间对女生精力情绪状态改善效果非常显著好于对照班女生。
Continuous recession of children's health condition has become a focus of worldwide attention. The insufficiency of students' physical activity and the low-aging developing trends of all kinds of chronic disease have gradually evolved as severe social problems. Children's health is not optimistic in our country, at the stage of compulsory education, students spent most of his time in the school, so the school should inevitably become the important place of promoting the students' health development, and then, the school education should probe into this problem, unite they could finally find out more effective methods and measures to promote the students' healthy growth. The fitness effects reflected in this course, however, don't achieve desired results in promoting the students' healthy development. The main problem lies in the lower sports quality embraced in this course, students' insufficient time of participating in physical exercise, as well as the sports load did not reach to the effective threshold of stimulating students' healthy grown. The starting point of this paper is to improve the sports quality of P.E., through different combination modes of sports load, explore and analyze the improved effects of students' healthy physical developments and emotional states in the middle school' physical education.
First of all, based on real case study, this paper pointed out the purpose and significance of the study, put forward the research hypothesis, and determined the research methods and experimental objects; Secondly, reviewed the literatures based on the research status at home and abroad; Third, implemented the related experimental research; and finally, comprehensively analyzed and discussed the research results, drawn a conclusion, as well as put forward the suggestions.
Firstly, this study drawn the conclusions by adopting a different health fitness exercises intervention programme to impact on the experimental research of students health fitness and emotional state:(1) health fitness exercises could improve the classroom exercise load, increase the students' energy consumption, have significant differences compared with comparative classes, and assure the PE exercise load to be maintained in a relatively stable interval;(2) health fitness exercises contributed to improve the students body composition, in those aspect of improving students' muscular strength, muscular endurance (vigorous intensive class), cardiopulmonary function (MVV is15min vigorous intensive class), flexibility (the class of stand quietly and the PNF stretch method), experimental classes were significantly better than comparative classes. Girls' flexibility improvements are better than boys; In the aspect of standing long jump, boys' advancements were higher than girls';(3) health fitness exercises had positive effective of improving students' emotional state, which compared with the comparative classes had significant differences in the aspects of improving fatigue, energy, emotional states.
Second, in physical education, this study integrated different sustainability movement times and movement intensities, conducted the experiment research on the influence of students' health fitness and emotional state, drawn the conclusions:(1) The longer the time, the greater the intensity of continuous movement promoted greater improvement in health fitness exercises can improve the PE exercise load, and assured the PE exercise load to be maintained in a relatively stable interval;(2) sustained more than10min vigorous intensity exercise and15min moderate intensity exercise had promoting effects on improving the body composition and muscular strength, muscular endurance. Continuous more than5min moderate intensity exercise might promote the development of heart and lung function. Different sustainability movements had no significant effects on flexibility and strength;(3) continuous15min moderate intensity exercise had better promoting effects on improving students' emotional state.
Third, This study conducted the experimental research on the influences on the students health fitness and emotional states by intervening the different MVPA cumulative times, and drawn the conclusions:(1) the increase of the cumulative MVPA times in physical class could improve the classroom exercise load, and promoted the classroom sports load can be remained in a stable range;(2) the increase of different cumulative MVPA P.E. time had promoting effects on body composition and muscular strength improvement,60%MVPA cumulative time of muscular endurance improved significantly better than that in comparative classes,50%MVPA accumulated time significantly improved cardiopulmonary function, different of MVPA cumulative time had no significant effects on flexibility improvement;(3) more than40%of physical class' MVPA cumulative time had promoting effects on improving students' emotional state, in which, more than40%of MVPA cumulative time significantly better than comparative classes on the effects of improving students' fatigue emotional states, more than60%of MVPA cumulative time significantly better than comparative classes' girls on the effects of improving girl's fatigue emotional states.
引文
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