超声速前视共形光学系统图像复原方法研究
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摘要
导弹作为目前高科技战争的主要武器，正不断地向着高速和精确的方向发展。超声速前视共形光学系统能够有效地改善导弹的空气动力学性能，提高导弹的飞行速度，因而受到国内外研究机构的广泛关注。然而，一方面，由于共形整流罩采用非球面，表面不具备点对称性，使得系统随观察视场的变化产生动态像差；另一方面，超声速飞行器在大气层内高速飞行时，整流罩与来流之间形成复杂的流场，使目标图像产生偏移、模糊、抖动等现象。这两方面都严重影响着系统的探测、识别和跟踪能力，成为制约超声速前视共形光学系统应用的关键问题。针对上述问题，论文从以下四个方面逐层开展研究工作：
论文首先分析了超声速前视共形光学系统的图像退化特性，说明了系统退化图像产生的根本原因，建立了共形光学系统以及超声速流场光学传输效应的图像退化模型，利用类高斯函数模型模拟了不同程度湍流流场的点扩散函数，为超声速前视共形光学系统退化图像的复原与校正提供了理论基础。
然后，提出了基于邻近算子分裂的自适应正则化图像复原算法。利用邻近算子分裂法将全变分正则化模型分解成两个简单的问题求解，降低了模型求解难度。为了进一步提高算法的运算效率，重点研究了正则化参数的选取方法，提出的方法不仅可以自适应地选择合适的正则化参数，而且当正则化参数收敛时，峰值信噪比达到最大值，图像获得最佳复原效果。
在以上研究的基础上，对超声速前视共形光学系统的退化图像进行了复原与校正。首先利用光线追迹法得到了0-20°目标视场中瞄视误差的仿真结果，通过二次拟合建立了瞄视误差与目标视场的对应关系，在图像跟踪器中对系统瞄视误差进行了校正，设计了瞄视误差测量实验，实验表明校正后系统瞄视误差小于30μm，可以满足导引头伺服控制系统的精度要求。然后针对湍流随机性的特点，建立了随机点扩散函数的图像退化模型，提出了利用连续多帧湍流退化图像复原图像的方法，实验表明所提出的算法对噪声有明显的抑制作用，复原效果优于单帧图像的全变分算法，综合考虑复原效果和运算效率，确定了退化图像帧数应不大于10帧。最后对由像散和彗差引起的图像模糊进行了复原，为共形光学系统动态像差的校正提供了一种新的思路。
为了使复原后的图像对比度更加明显，提高系统对红外目标识别的能力，提出了基于参数化对数图像处理模型的平台直方图均衡增强算法，利用图像评价函数EMEE（Measurement of Enhancement by Entropy）分析了模型参数的选取方法，设计了硬件实验平台，对复原后的红外图像进行了增强实验。实验结果表明：算法能够在基本不丢失图像细节的情况下增强图像对比度。
As the main weapon of the high-tech war, missile is developing constantlytowards high speed and precision. Because supersonic forward-looking conformaloptical system can effectively improve the aerodynamic performance and increasethe flight speed of the missile, it has become the focus at home and abroad. But onthe one hand, the dynamic aberrations with the change of field of view areintroduced, due to the asymmetry in the respective sub-field of view of theconformal optical system. On the other hand, when the supersonic aircraft flies at ahigh speed within the atmosphere, it can produce complicated flow field between thedome and flow which may cause aero-optical effects such as displacement, jitter andblurring of the target image. Both of the above two aspects seriously affect theability of detection, identification and tracking of the system, and become a key thatrestrict the development of supersonic forward-looking conformal optical system. Tosolve above problems, this paper will be divided to four parts:
First, the characteristics of degraded image of the supersonic forward-lookingconformal optical system are analyzed. The reason of image degradation isillustrated. The image degradation models of the conformal optical system andsupersonic turbulent flow field are given respectively. The point spread function ofturbulence is simulated by the similar Gaussian function model. This part of work provides a theoretical basis for image restoration and correction of the supersonicforward-looking conformal optical system.
Then, the adaptive regularization method for image restoration based onproximity operator splitting is proposed. To reduce the difficulty of solving theproblem, the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems using the theory ofproximity operator splitting method. In order to further improve the computationefficiency of the algorithm, the selection method of the regularization parameter isstudied. The proposed method can adaptively choose the appropriate regularizationparameter. When the regularization parameter is convergent, the peak signal-to-noiseratio of the restoration image reaches maximum and the restored image reaches bestrestoration effect.
On the basis of above research, the degraded image of the supersonicforward-looking conformal optical system is restored and corrected. First of all,boresight error along with field of regard ranged from0°to20°are obtained usingray tracing simulation, and the relationship between the boresight error and thegimbal angle is established using quadratic fitting method, thus the boresight errorof the system is corrected; the measurement experiment of boresight error isdesigned and the experimental results show that the boresight error is less than30μmafter correction. Then, in view of the stochastic characteristics of the turbulence, theimage degradation model of the stochastic point spread function is established andthe restoration algorithm using multi-frame turbulence degraded image is proposed.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has obvious inhibitoryeffect to the noise and the restoration effect is better than the total variationalgorithm of single frame image. Considering restoration effect and operationefficiency, the frames of the degraded image are usually less than10. Finally, theblurred image induced by astigmatism and coma is restored, and it provides a newtrain of thought for the aberration correction of the conformal optical system.
Finally, in order to make the contrast of the restored image more legible,improve the ability of the target identification of the infrared system, the plateau histogram equalization enhancement algorithm based on Parameterized LogarithmicFramework is proposed, and the selection of the model parameters is studied indetail using the image evaluation function EMEE. The hardware platform of imageenhancement experiment is designed, and the restored image has been enhanced.Experimental results show that the algorithm can enhance the image contrastwithout loss of image details.
论文首先分析了超声速前视共形光学系统的图像退化特性，说明了系统退化图像产生的根本原因，建立了共形光学系统以及超声速流场光学传输效应的图像退化模型，利用类高斯函数模型模拟了不同程度湍流流场的点扩散函数，为超声速前视共形光学系统退化图像的复原与校正提供了理论基础。
然后，提出了基于邻近算子分裂的自适应正则化图像复原算法。利用邻近算子分裂法将全变分正则化模型分解成两个简单的问题求解，降低了模型求解难度。为了进一步提高算法的运算效率，重点研究了正则化参数的选取方法，提出的方法不仅可以自适应地选择合适的正则化参数，而且当正则化参数收敛时，峰值信噪比达到最大值，图像获得最佳复原效果。
在以上研究的基础上，对超声速前视共形光学系统的退化图像进行了复原与校正。首先利用光线追迹法得到了0-20°目标视场中瞄视误差的仿真结果，通过二次拟合建立了瞄视误差与目标视场的对应关系，在图像跟踪器中对系统瞄视误差进行了校正，设计了瞄视误差测量实验，实验表明校正后系统瞄视误差小于30μm，可以满足导引头伺服控制系统的精度要求。然后针对湍流随机性的特点，建立了随机点扩散函数的图像退化模型，提出了利用连续多帧湍流退化图像复原图像的方法，实验表明所提出的算法对噪声有明显的抑制作用，复原效果优于单帧图像的全变分算法，综合考虑复原效果和运算效率，确定了退化图像帧数应不大于10帧。最后对由像散和彗差引起的图像模糊进行了复原，为共形光学系统动态像差的校正提供了一种新的思路。
为了使复原后的图像对比度更加明显，提高系统对红外目标识别的能力，提出了基于参数化对数图像处理模型的平台直方图均衡增强算法，利用图像评价函数EMEE（Measurement of Enhancement by Entropy）分析了模型参数的选取方法，设计了硬件实验平台，对复原后的红外图像进行了增强实验。实验结果表明：算法能够在基本不丢失图像细节的情况下增强图像对比度。
As the main weapon of the high-tech war, missile is developing constantlytowards high speed and precision. Because supersonic forward-looking conformaloptical system can effectively improve the aerodynamic performance and increasethe flight speed of the missile, it has become the focus at home and abroad. But onthe one hand, the dynamic aberrations with the change of field of view areintroduced, due to the asymmetry in the respective sub-field of view of theconformal optical system. On the other hand, when the supersonic aircraft flies at ahigh speed within the atmosphere, it can produce complicated flow field between thedome and flow which may cause aero-optical effects such as displacement, jitter andblurring of the target image. Both of the above two aspects seriously affect theability of detection, identification and tracking of the system, and become a key thatrestrict the development of supersonic forward-looking conformal optical system. Tosolve above problems, this paper will be divided to four parts:
First, the characteristics of degraded image of the supersonic forward-lookingconformal optical system are analyzed. The reason of image degradation isillustrated. The image degradation models of the conformal optical system andsupersonic turbulent flow field are given respectively. The point spread function ofturbulence is simulated by the similar Gaussian function model. This part of work provides a theoretical basis for image restoration and correction of the supersonicforward-looking conformal optical system.
Then, the adaptive regularization method for image restoration based onproximity operator splitting is proposed. To reduce the difficulty of solving theproblem, the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems using the theory ofproximity operator splitting method. In order to further improve the computationefficiency of the algorithm, the selection method of the regularization parameter isstudied. The proposed method can adaptively choose the appropriate regularizationparameter. When the regularization parameter is convergent, the peak signal-to-noiseratio of the restoration image reaches maximum and the restored image reaches bestrestoration effect.
On the basis of above research, the degraded image of the supersonicforward-looking conformal optical system is restored and corrected. First of all,boresight error along with field of regard ranged from0°to20°are obtained usingray tracing simulation, and the relationship between the boresight error and thegimbal angle is established using quadratic fitting method, thus the boresight errorof the system is corrected; the measurement experiment of boresight error isdesigned and the experimental results show that the boresight error is less than30μmafter correction. Then, in view of the stochastic characteristics of the turbulence, theimage degradation model of the stochastic point spread function is established andthe restoration algorithm using multi-frame turbulence degraded image is proposed.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has obvious inhibitoryeffect to the noise and the restoration effect is better than the total variationalgorithm of single frame image. Considering restoration effect and operationefficiency, the frames of the degraded image are usually less than10. Finally, theblurred image induced by astigmatism and coma is restored, and it provides a newtrain of thought for the aberration correction of the conformal optical system.
Finally, in order to make the contrast of the restored image more legible,improve the ability of the target identification of the infrared system, the plateau histogram equalization enhancement algorithm based on Parameterized LogarithmicFramework is proposed, and the selection of the model parameters is studied indetail using the image evaluation function EMEE. The hardware platform of imageenhancement experiment is designed, and the restored image has been enhanced.Experimental results show that the algorithm can enhance the image contrastwithout loss of image details.
引文
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