输变电设备物联网关键技术研究
|
摘要
物联网技术应用于智能电网，将充分整合电网信息资源，实现电网信息的精细化、模型化和可视化，但目前物联网在电网的应用还较为简单，尚未在电网设施运行监控与电力资产优化管理方面得到应用。输变电设备物联网（Internet of power transmission and transformation equipments, IOTTE），作为物联网技术在智能电网中的新应用，是智能电网由系统智能化向输变电设备智能化的延伸和发展，将实现输变电设备信息体系、监测体系、评估体系和管理体系的统一与规范。因为输变电设备物联网是一个在物理空间和信息空间具有强关联性和高度混杂性的网络，因此需要全面深入研究其分析设计、运维优化、高级应用等方面的关键技术，从而为物联网技术在智能电网中的应用提供技术基础和验证平台。
针对输变电设备物联网建设需求，本论文在国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）“基于物联网技术的输变电设备智能监测与全寿命周期管理”（2011AA05A120）和国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“基于物联网的高压设备监测与状态评估研究”（61104090）的资助下，对输变电设备物联网体系架构、智能变电站设备全景信息模型、智能变电站设备监测网络QoS、网络拓扑和部署、以及输变电设备物联网在云南电网的实际应用几个方面进行了深入研究。全文的主要研究内容如下：
详细阐述了输变电设备物联网的概念和内涵，以电力流、信息流为导向，提出了分层分布式的输变电设备物联网体系架构，自下而上分为智能感知层、数据通信层、信息整合层和智能应用层，在四层架构基础上，分析了包括一体化智能监测装置、编码和标识体系、全景信息建模等在内的七种关键技术。
为了解决“信息孤岛”和信息模型不统一规范问题，将信息建模引入输变电设备物联网，根据输变电设备全寿命周期管理业务所需要的设备全景信息，提出了输变电设备全景信息建模方法。以IEC61970/61968CIM模型为基础，结合IEC61850，针对智能变电站设备，提出了全景信息模型扩展原则和技术，设计了全面、统一的全景信息建模方案，以现有信息标准中未建模的绝缘子为例，建立包含基于EPC编码和全寿命周期管理的资产基础扩展模型、包含试验模型、检修模型、巡检模型和诊断模型的工作模型，以及在线监测信息模型。
针对输变电设备物联网中的智能变电站设备监测网络QoS，在提出的两层智能变电站体系结构和双环冗余自愈环网通信网络基础上，设计了基于无线传感器网络(WSN)的分簇智能变电站设备监测网络，并对监测网络的数据流进行分析建模，提出了相应的监测网络QoS指标，利用OPNET仿真工具，从网络拓扑、节点规模、节点发射功率和网络负载四个方面对簇状监测网络的QoS指标进行了仿真分析，仿真证明针对本文设计的智能变电站设备监测网络，采用簇状监测网络比树状和Mesh网络具有更好的QoS。
为了优化智能变电站设备监测网络拓扑和部署，建立了智能变电站设备监测网络模型和数据传输模型，利用自由空间和瑞利衰落信道下的能耗模型，以及二元节点感知模型，建立起理想环境和变电站电磁环境下的单跳和多跳网络能耗模型，并采用群搜索优化算法GSO，以网络能耗最优为目标，优化了智能变电站设备监测网络拓扑；以节点簇总能耗、网络生存周期和距离因子最优为目标，引入簇头节点数据压缩比和传输周期，讨论了监测网络的部署优化。
在输变电设备物联网应用于云南电网的实际工程中，结合提出的输变电设备物联网四层体系架构，设计了包括系统架构、变电站、输电线路和主站的云南电网输变电设备物联网实际部署方案；从变电站和输电线路两方面设计了云南电网输变电设备物联网通信网络；从实施原则、需求和具体实施过程三方面分析了全景信息模型实施方法。
When Internet of Things is applied in smart grid, it will fully integrate grid information resources and realize refinement, modeling and visualization of grid information. At present, the application of IOT in smart grid is also relatively simple. IOT has not been applied in operation and monitoring of grid facilities and optimization and management of power asset. Internet of power transmission and transformation equipments (IOTTE) is a new application of IOT applied in smart gird. It is the extension and development of smart gird from system intelligence to power transmission and transformation equipment intelligence, and will realize unification and normalization of information system, monitoring system, evaluation system and management system of equipment. IOTTE has characteristics of high relevance and hybridity in physical and information space, so it needs a comprehensive further study in its key technologies, including analysis and design, operation and optimization, advanced application and so on. Thus the study will provide technical foundation and verification platform for application of IOT in smart grid.
According to the construction demand of IOTTE, this dissertation, which has been sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China project (863Program)“Power transmission and transformation equipment intelligent monitoring and life cycle management based on IOT technology”(Grant No.2011AA05A120) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China project “Research on High Voltage Equipment monitoring and condition assessment based on IOT”(Grant No.61104090), is focused on IOTTE architecture, panoramic information model of smart substation equipment, Quality of Service(QoS) of smart substation equipment monitoring network, monitoring network topology and deployment, and practical application of Internet of power transmission and transformation equipments carried out in Yunnan Power Grid. Main researches can be summarized as follows:
The concept and contents of IOTTE is summarized systematically. Based on power flow and information flow, layered and distributed architecture of IOTTE is proposed. The architecture is divided into four layers as Intelligent Perception Layer, Data Communication Layer, Information Integration Layer and Smart Application Layer. Based on four-layer architecture, several key technologies are analyzed including integrated intelligent monitoring device, equipment coding and labeling system and panoramic information modeling and so on.
To solve the problem of “Information Island” and lack of unity and standardization of information model, data modeling technology is adopt. According to business requirement of life cycle management of IOTTE, equipment’s panoramic information is researched, and a unified modeling methodology is proposed. Reference to IEC61850and IEC61970/61968CIM, the principle and technique to extended panoramic information model is summarized. Furthermore, the modeling methodology is proposed for smart substation equipments. The process of insulator modeling, which has not been modeled in information standard at present, has been taken as examples. The panoramic information model includes basic model of asset, working model and online monitoring information model. The basic model of asset includes extended model based on EPC code and life cycle management, and the working model consists of includes test model, maintenance model, patrol model and diagnosis model.
QoS of smart substation equipment monitoring network is studied. Two-layer smart substation architecture and self-healing double loop network is firstly proposed, and clustered smart substation equipment monitoring network is designed based on wireless sensor network (WSN). For the characteristics of monitoring network, data flow is analyzed and modeled and QoS metrics are researched. Aiming at network topology and load, the number of nodes and node transmitting power, QoS of monitoring network are simulated by OPNET software. Results show that cluster-like topology has better QoS than tree-like and mesh topology to the design of smart substation equipment monitoring network in this chapter.
In order to optimize smart substation equipment monitoring network, the network model and data transfer model of clustering network is designed. Then using free space and Rayleigh-fading channel of energy consumption model, single-hope and multi-hop network consumption model is established respectively under ideal condition and electromagnetic environment. Group search optimization algorithm (GSO) is used to analyze energy consumption optimization problem for optimizing the topology of smart substation equipment monitoring network. The deployment of monitoring network is optimized using GSO algorithm, which achieved the best energy consumption of node cluster, network lifetime and distance factor.
When the project of IOTTE carried out in Yunnan Power Grid，based on four-layer architecture of IOTTE, the project deployment scheme is designed, which includes system architecture, substation deployment, transmission line deployment and master station deployment. Communication network of the project is established from two aspects of substation and transmission line. Implementation method of panoramic information model is totally analyzed in three aspects: principle, requirement and concrete implement process.
针对输变电设备物联网建设需求，本论文在国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）“基于物联网技术的输变电设备智能监测与全寿命周期管理”（2011AA05A120）和国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“基于物联网的高压设备监测与状态评估研究”（61104090）的资助下，对输变电设备物联网体系架构、智能变电站设备全景信息模型、智能变电站设备监测网络QoS、网络拓扑和部署、以及输变电设备物联网在云南电网的实际应用几个方面进行了深入研究。全文的主要研究内容如下：
详细阐述了输变电设备物联网的概念和内涵，以电力流、信息流为导向，提出了分层分布式的输变电设备物联网体系架构，自下而上分为智能感知层、数据通信层、信息整合层和智能应用层，在四层架构基础上，分析了包括一体化智能监测装置、编码和标识体系、全景信息建模等在内的七种关键技术。
为了解决“信息孤岛”和信息模型不统一规范问题，将信息建模引入输变电设备物联网，根据输变电设备全寿命周期管理业务所需要的设备全景信息，提出了输变电设备全景信息建模方法。以IEC61970/61968CIM模型为基础，结合IEC61850，针对智能变电站设备，提出了全景信息模型扩展原则和技术，设计了全面、统一的全景信息建模方案，以现有信息标准中未建模的绝缘子为例，建立包含基于EPC编码和全寿命周期管理的资产基础扩展模型、包含试验模型、检修模型、巡检模型和诊断模型的工作模型，以及在线监测信息模型。
针对输变电设备物联网中的智能变电站设备监测网络QoS，在提出的两层智能变电站体系结构和双环冗余自愈环网通信网络基础上，设计了基于无线传感器网络(WSN)的分簇智能变电站设备监测网络，并对监测网络的数据流进行分析建模，提出了相应的监测网络QoS指标，利用OPNET仿真工具，从网络拓扑、节点规模、节点发射功率和网络负载四个方面对簇状监测网络的QoS指标进行了仿真分析，仿真证明针对本文设计的智能变电站设备监测网络，采用簇状监测网络比树状和Mesh网络具有更好的QoS。
为了优化智能变电站设备监测网络拓扑和部署，建立了智能变电站设备监测网络模型和数据传输模型，利用自由空间和瑞利衰落信道下的能耗模型，以及二元节点感知模型，建立起理想环境和变电站电磁环境下的单跳和多跳网络能耗模型，并采用群搜索优化算法GSO，以网络能耗最优为目标，优化了智能变电站设备监测网络拓扑；以节点簇总能耗、网络生存周期和距离因子最优为目标，引入簇头节点数据压缩比和传输周期，讨论了监测网络的部署优化。
在输变电设备物联网应用于云南电网的实际工程中，结合提出的输变电设备物联网四层体系架构，设计了包括系统架构、变电站、输电线路和主站的云南电网输变电设备物联网实际部署方案；从变电站和输电线路两方面设计了云南电网输变电设备物联网通信网络；从实施原则、需求和具体实施过程三方面分析了全景信息模型实施方法。
When Internet of Things is applied in smart grid, it will fully integrate grid information resources and realize refinement, modeling and visualization of grid information. At present, the application of IOT in smart grid is also relatively simple. IOT has not been applied in operation and monitoring of grid facilities and optimization and management of power asset. Internet of power transmission and transformation equipments (IOTTE) is a new application of IOT applied in smart gird. It is the extension and development of smart gird from system intelligence to power transmission and transformation equipment intelligence, and will realize unification and normalization of information system, monitoring system, evaluation system and management system of equipment. IOTTE has characteristics of high relevance and hybridity in physical and information space, so it needs a comprehensive further study in its key technologies, including analysis and design, operation and optimization, advanced application and so on. Thus the study will provide technical foundation and verification platform for application of IOT in smart grid.
According to the construction demand of IOTTE, this dissertation, which has been sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China project (863Program)“Power transmission and transformation equipment intelligent monitoring and life cycle management based on IOT technology”(Grant No.2011AA05A120) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China project “Research on High Voltage Equipment monitoring and condition assessment based on IOT”(Grant No.61104090), is focused on IOTTE architecture, panoramic information model of smart substation equipment, Quality of Service(QoS) of smart substation equipment monitoring network, monitoring network topology and deployment, and practical application of Internet of power transmission and transformation equipments carried out in Yunnan Power Grid. Main researches can be summarized as follows:
The concept and contents of IOTTE is summarized systematically. Based on power flow and information flow, layered and distributed architecture of IOTTE is proposed. The architecture is divided into four layers as Intelligent Perception Layer, Data Communication Layer, Information Integration Layer and Smart Application Layer. Based on four-layer architecture, several key technologies are analyzed including integrated intelligent monitoring device, equipment coding and labeling system and panoramic information modeling and so on.
To solve the problem of “Information Island” and lack of unity and standardization of information model, data modeling technology is adopt. According to business requirement of life cycle management of IOTTE, equipment’s panoramic information is researched, and a unified modeling methodology is proposed. Reference to IEC61850and IEC61970/61968CIM, the principle and technique to extended panoramic information model is summarized. Furthermore, the modeling methodology is proposed for smart substation equipments. The process of insulator modeling, which has not been modeled in information standard at present, has been taken as examples. The panoramic information model includes basic model of asset, working model and online monitoring information model. The basic model of asset includes extended model based on EPC code and life cycle management, and the working model consists of includes test model, maintenance model, patrol model and diagnosis model.
QoS of smart substation equipment monitoring network is studied. Two-layer smart substation architecture and self-healing double loop network is firstly proposed, and clustered smart substation equipment monitoring network is designed based on wireless sensor network (WSN). For the characteristics of monitoring network, data flow is analyzed and modeled and QoS metrics are researched. Aiming at network topology and load, the number of nodes and node transmitting power, QoS of monitoring network are simulated by OPNET software. Results show that cluster-like topology has better QoS than tree-like and mesh topology to the design of smart substation equipment monitoring network in this chapter.
In order to optimize smart substation equipment monitoring network, the network model and data transfer model of clustering network is designed. Then using free space and Rayleigh-fading channel of energy consumption model, single-hope and multi-hop network consumption model is established respectively under ideal condition and electromagnetic environment. Group search optimization algorithm (GSO) is used to analyze energy consumption optimization problem for optimizing the topology of smart substation equipment monitoring network. The deployment of monitoring network is optimized using GSO algorithm, which achieved the best energy consumption of node cluster, network lifetime and distance factor.
When the project of IOTTE carried out in Yunnan Power Grid，based on four-layer architecture of IOTTE, the project deployment scheme is designed, which includes system architecture, substation deployment, transmission line deployment and master station deployment. Communication network of the project is established from two aspects of substation and transmission line. Implementation method of panoramic information model is totally analyzed in three aspects: principle, requirement and concrete implement process.
引文
[1] Research reports international. Understanding the smart grid. RRI00026,2007
[2] EPRI. Profiling and mapping of intelligent grid R&D programs,1014600. PaloAlto, CA and EDF R&D, Clamart, France: EPRI,2006
[3] EPRI. Technical and system requirements of advanced distribution automation.EPRI, Palo Alto, CA,2004.1010915
[4] Paul Haase. IntelliGrid: A smart network of power. EPRI Journal,2005:17-25
[5] U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. ModernGrid Initiative: A Vision for Modern Grid. March2007,http://www.netl.doe.gov/moderngrid/docs/
[6]卢强.数字电力系统(DPS).电力系统自动化,2000,24(9):1-4
[7]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.智能电网.电网与清洁能源,2009,25(1):7-11
[8]吴俊勇.智能电网综述技术讲座,第一讲:智能电网的核心内涵和技术框架.电力电子,2010,1:55-59
[9]国家电网公司.关于加快推进坚强智能电网建设的意见.http://www.sgcc.com.cn/ztzl/2010ngs_lhjhywj/01/215426.shtml,2010
[10] International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU Internet Reports2005: TheInternet of Things. Tunis: World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS),2005
[11]朱晓荣,孙君,齐丽娜等.《物联网》.人民邮电出版社,2010
[12] Nokia. Machine-to-Machine: Let your machines talk.http://www.zdnet.co.uk/white-papers/mobile-and-wireless/2009/06/04/machine-to-machine-let-your-machine-talk-260097767/,2009-06-24
[13] Wolf W. Cyber-physical systems. IEEE Computer,2009,42(3):88-89
[14] IBM. A smarter planet. http://www.ibm.com/smarter planet,2010-02-01
[15] Commission of the European Communities. Internet of Things-An action planfor Europe COM (2009)278final. Brussels, EC Publication,2009
[16]韩国国通信委员会.物联网基础设施构建基本规划.[2009-10-19].http://www.cnttr.com/viewnews_178672.html
[17] Japan IT Strategic Headquarters. i-Japan Strategy2015.[2009-07-06].http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/policy/it/i-JapanStrategy2015_full.pdf
[18]温家宝.2010年政府工作报告.[2010-03-15].http://www.gov.cn/2010lh/content_1555767.htm
[19]中国科技部.国家“十二五”科学技术发展规划.[2011-07-13].http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2011-07/13/conten t_1905915.htm
[20]宁焕生,徐群玉.全球物联网发展及中国物联网建设若干思考.电子学报,2010,38(11):2590-2599
[21] CERP-IoT. Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap.http://ec.europa.eu/information-society/policy/rfid/documents/in-cerp.pdf,2009-09-15
[22] WELBOURNE E, BATTLE L, COLE G. Building the internet of things usingRFID: the RFID ecosystem experience. IEEE Internet Computing,2009,13(3):48-55
[23] SUNG J, LOPEZ T S, KIM D. The EPC sensor network for RFID and WSNintegration infrastructure. Proceedings of IEEE PerComW’07. White Plains,NY, USA,2007:618-621
[24] IEEE1902.1-2009Long wavelength wireless network protocol.
[25] ITU-T. Recommendation Y.2221, requirements for support of ubiquitoussensor network (USN) applications and services in NGN environment. Geneva:ITU,2010
[26]刘昕,徐格,陈文龙等.融合物联网的下一代互联网体系结构研究.电信科学,2011,11:66-74
[27] Callway E, Gorday P, Hester L, et al. Home networking with IEEE802.15.4: Adevelopments for low-rate wireless personal area networks. IEEECommunication Magazine,2002,40(8):70-77
[28]彭木根,王文博等编著.下一代宽带无线通信系统——OFDM与WiMAX.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.1
[29] Dikaiakos M D, Katsaros D, Mehra P, et al. Cloud computing: Distributedinternet computing for IT and scientific research. IEEE Internet ComputingMagazine,2009,13(05):10-13
[30]中华人民共和国电力工业部.电力设备预防性试验规程DL/T596-1996.北京:中国电力出版社,1997
[31]黄建华,全零三.变电站高压电气设备状态检修的现状及其发展.电力系统自动化,2001,8:56-61
[32]国家电网公司. Q/GDW168-2008《输变电设备状态检修试验规程》.北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[33]郭碧红,杨晓红.我国电力设备在线监测技术的开发应用状况分析.电网技术,1999,23(8):66-69
[34] Y. Han, Y. H. Song. Condition monitoring techniques for electrical equipment-A Literature Survey. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,18(1):4-13
[35] Leibfried, T. Feser, K. Monitoring of power transformers using the transferfunction method. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(4):1333-1341
[36] De Klerk, P. H. Reynders, J. P. Winding slackness monitoring as a diagnosticfor insulation ageing in oil-paper insulated power transformers. EleventhInternational Symposium on High Voltage Engineering,1999,1:185-188
[37] W. J.(Bill) Bergman. Selecting circuit breaker monitoring. Transmission andDistribution Conference and Exposition,2001IEEE/PES,2:1071-1076
[38] IEC. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation: Part7-2basic information and communication structure-abstract communicationservice interface (ACSI).2010
[39] IEC. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation: Part7-3basic communication structure-common data classes.2010
[40] IEC. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation: Part7-4basic communication structure-compatible logical node classes and dataobject classes.2010
[41]王德文,王艳,邸剑.智能变电站状态监测系统的设计方案.电力系统自动化,2011,35(18):51-56
[42]赵增华,石高涛,韩双立等.基于无线传感器网络的高压输电线路在线监测系统.电力系统自动化,2009,33(19):80-84
[43]郭创新,高振兴,张金江,壁建权.基于物联网技术的输变电设备状态监测与检修资产管理.电力科学与技术学报,2010,25(4):36-41
[44]张金江,郭创新,曹一家等.变电站设备状态监测系统及其IEC模型协调.电力系统自动化,2009,33(20):67-72
[45]王德文,邸剑,张长明.变电站状态监测IED的IEC61850信息建模与实现.电力系统自动化,2012,36(3):81-86
[46] CASAGRS. White Papers WP4: RFID and the Internet of Things-Enablers ofUbiquitous Computing and Network. http://www.rfidglobal.eu/,2009
[47] Guinard D, Trifa V, et al. Interacting with the SOA-based Internet of Things:Discovery, Query, Selection, and On-Demand Provisioning of Web Services.IEEE Transactions on Service Oriented Computing,2010,3(3):223-235
[48]王聪生,康慧,吴国强等.电厂标识系统编码应用手册.北京:中国电力出版社.2011
[49]钱升,杜佩仁. IEC/CIM模型在功能位置编码中的应用.电力信息化,2004,2(8):79-81
[50]陈济,郭创新,刘波,等.基于公共信息模型的自适应统一编码体系设计.电网技术,2010,34(2):52-56
[51] EPC global. GS1EPC Tag Standard1.6.http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/tds/tds_1_6-RatifiedStd-20110922.pdf,2011.09.22
[52] SRI Consulting Business Intelligence. Disruptive technologies: Globaltrends2025, Appendix F: The internet of things (background). www.scribd.com,2010.05.03
[53] Xiaofeng Wang, Noel N. Schulz, ScoR Neumann. CIM extensions to electricaldistribution and XML for the IEEE radial test feeders. IEEE Transactions onPower Systems,2003, l8(3):1021-1027
[54] IEC. Draft IEC6l970: Energy Management System Application ProgramInterface (EMS-API)-Part301: Common Information Model (CIM): Base1.Revision6
[55] IEC61850: Communication networks and systems in substations,2005
[56] IEC61970: Energy Management System Application Program Interface(EMS-API),2003
[57] IEC61968: Application integration at electric Utilities-System interfaces fordistribution management,2003
[58]王益民.坚强智能电网技术标准体系研究框架.电力系统自动化,2010,34(22):1-6
[59] Shih C J, Chu K.Y, Lee Y H, et al. A power cloud system (PCS) for highefficiency and enhanced transient response in SoC. IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics,2012,99(PP):1-25
[60]郭创新,彭明伟,刘毅.多数据源信息融合的电网故障诊断新方法.中国电机工程学报,2009,29(31):1-7
[61]张冀,王兵树,邸剑等.传感器多故障诊断的信息融合方法研究.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(16):104-108
[62] Xiao J, Ribeiro A, Luo Z, et al. Distributed compression-estimation usingwireless sensor networks. IEEE Signal Proceedings Magazine,2006,23(4):27-41
[63] Yuan Y, Kam M. Distributed decision fusion with a random-access channel forsensor network applications. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation andMeasurement,2004,53(4):1339-1344
[64] Shu H, Liang Q. Fuzzy optimization for distributed sensor deployment.Proceedings of the2005IEEE Wireless Communication and NetworkingConference (WCNC’05),New Orleans, USA,2005
[65] Yusuf M, Haider T. Energy-aware fuzzy routing for wireless sensor networks.Proceedings of the2005IEEE International Conference on EmergingTechnologies (ICET’05),Islamabad, Pakistan,2005
[66] Christon P M. Security and privacy challenges in the internet of things.Proceedings WowKiVS2009,Electronic Communications of the EASST,Germany,2009
[67] Rolf H Weber. Internet of things-new security and privacy challenges.Computer Law&Security Review,2010,26(1):23-30
[68] Pierre de Leusses, Panos Periorellis. Self managed security cell, a securitymodel for the internet of things and services. First International Conference onAdvances in Future Internet, Athens, The Hellenic Republic,2009
[69] EPC global. The EPCglobal Architecture Framework.http://www.epcglobainc.org/standards/architecture/architecture_1_3-framework-20090319. pdf,2009.03.19
[70] Ubiquitous ID Center. Ubiquitous ID Architecture. http://www.uidcenter.org/english/architecture.html,2009.05.20
[71] IEC SM B Smart Grid Strategic Group (SG3). IEC detailed technical referencedocument for smart grid standardization-roadmap discussion.2010
[72]任雁铭,操丰梅,唐喜等.智能电网的通信技术标准化建议.电力系统自动化,2011,35(3):1-5
[73] Pierre Jean Benghozi, Sylvain Bureau, et al. The Internet of Things: WhatChallenges for Europe. http://www.voxinternet.org/,2008.10
[74]谢善益.基于UCIM的数字化变电站及控制中心模型协同设计.电力系统自动化,2011,35(15):64-67
[75]许良柱,陈涛,陈荣等.集控中心全景状态监测系统研究与设计.电气信息化,2011,9(6):53-58
[76]唐跃中,邵志奇,郭创新,等.数字化电网体系结构研究.电力自动化设备,2009,29(6):115-118
[77] Kostic T, Preiss O, Frei C, Towards the Formal Integration of Two UpcomingStandards: IEC61970and IEC61850//2003Large Engineering SystemsConference on Power Engineering,2003:24-29
[78] APOSTOLOVA, VANDIVER B. Functional testing of IEC61850based IEDsand Systems://Proceedings of2004IEEE PES Power Systems ConferenceExposition: Vol2,2004, NewYork, NY, USA: IEEE:640-645
[79] C. Hoga and P. Skare, IEC61850Projects in Germany and Switzerland//IEEEPES2006:390-393
[80] Apostolov, A. Tholomier, D. Impact of IEC61850on Power SystemProtection//Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006:1053-1058
[81] Holbach, J. Rodriguez, J. Wester, C. Status on the first IEC61850basedprojection and control multi-vendor project in the United States, ProtectiveRelay Engineers//60th Annual Conference,2007:283-306
[82]谭文恕.“十一五”期间试验应用IEC61850将会广泛应用.[2009-2-26].http://www.61850.cn/Products_list.asp?tcss=3&id=72
[83] Schwarz Karlheinz. IEC61850beyond Substations–The Standard for thewhole Energy Supply System//The17th Conference of the Electric PowerSupply Industry. CEPSI2008. Macau, China
[84] Christoph Brunner. IEC61850is growing. http://www.pacw.org/issue/summer_2008_issue/iec_61850_update.html
[85] Kostic Tatjana, Otto Preiss, Christian Frei. Understanding and using the IEC61850: a case for meta-modelling. Computer Standards&Interfaces, Elsevier,2005,27:679–695
[86]张维民等.信息系统建模.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[87] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch著; Adams Wang译. UML参考手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[88]赵庆峰,鞠英杰.国内元数据研究综述.现代情报,2003,11:42-45
[89]黄宏斌,邓苏,马丽丽等.面向语义的元数据模型及OWL表示.计算机工程与科学,2007,29(11):105-109
[90] JAY P B, AMOLD N D. CIM based standards and CIM evolution. IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2005,20(2):758-764
[91]钟聪. IEC61970及IEC61968在电力企业管理信息系统中的应用.电力信息化,2008,6(2):68-71
[92]何峻,罗建,王官洁等. IEC61968标准的原理及其应用分析.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(5):36-39
[93]钟聪. IEC61970及IEC61968在电力企业管理信息系统中的应用.电力信息化,2008,6(2):68-71
[94] Tada, Yasuyuki. Status of international standards about CIM on EMS for trunkpower network. IEEE Transactions on Power and Energy,2012(10):829-833
[95]郑建辉,孟昭勇,林馨.基于IEC61970／61968的发电厂资源CIM建模.电力自动化设备,2010,30(1):106-109
[96]孙宏斌,吴文传,张伯明,等. IEC61970标准的扩展在调度控制中心集成化中的应用.电网技术,2005,29(16):21-25
[97]刘崇茹,张伯明,孙宏斌,等.包含直流输电系统的公用信息模型的扩展.电力系统自动化,2004,28(20):52-56
[98]刘炎炎,徐家慧,刘军.基于IEC61970公共信息模型的调度数据中心设备模型及其扩展方案.电网技术,2007,31(2):324-326
[99]唐跃中,阮前途,曹晋彰,郭创新,曹一家.电网企业综合数据平台的开发.电网技术,2009,33(17):37-43
[100] IEC,61968: System Interfaces For Distribution Management-Part3: InterfaceStandard for Network Operations
[101] IEC,61968: System Interfaces For Distribution Management-Part4: InterfaceStandard for Records and Asset Management
[102] Jay P. Britto, Arnold N. deVos. CIM—Based Standards and CIM Evolution.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2005,20(2):758-764
[103]刘智玮,李蕊.智能电网中传感器标识标准化的研究与应用.电力系统通信,2012,33(242):90-94
[104]国网公司企业标准Q/GDW383-2009《智能变电站技术导则》
[105]苗世洪,谌小莉,黄绪勇,刘沛.无线自组传感器网络在变电站自动化中的应用电网技术,2007,31(S2):256-259
[106]王阳光,尹项根,游大海,等.应用于变电站自动化系统的无线传感器网络技术.电网技术,2009,33(2):20-26
[107] Vehbi C. Gungor, Bin Lu, Gerhard P. Hancke. Opportunities and challenges ofwireless sensor network in smart grid. IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics,2010,57(10):3557-3564
[108] A. Nasipuri, R. Cox, H. Alasti, L. Van der Zel, et al. Wireless sensor networkfor substation monitoring: Design and deployment. SenSys’08:6th Intl. Conf.on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems,2008:365-366
[109] Matta N., Ranhim-Amoud R., Merghem-Boulahia L., Jrad A. A wireless sensornetwork for substation monitoring and control in the smart grid.2012IEEEInternational Conference on Green Computing and Communications,2012:203-209
[110]黄绪勇,刘沛,苗世洪等.无线传感自组网在电力监控中的应用动态.电力系统自动化,2007,31(7):99-103
[111] Asis Nasipuri, Luke Van der Zel, Ralph McKosky. Design considerations for alarge-scale wireless sensor network for substation monitoring.5th IEEEInternational Workshop on Practical Issues in Building Sensor NetworkApplications,2010:866-873
[112] Crawley E, Nair R, Rajagopaian B, et al. A framework for QoS based rootingin the internet.[1998-08-28]. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc.2386.txt
[113] D.Chen and P. K. Varshney. QoS support in wireless sensor networks: Asurvey. In the Proc. of the International Conference on Wireless Networks2004(ICWN’04), LasVegas, Nevada, USA,2004
[114]国家电网公司.国家电网公司关于规范开展状态检修工作意见.2008
[115]中国电力科学研究院.基于状态检修基础的电器设备试验规程.北京:国家电网公司,2007
[116] Han Jitao, Wang Taiyong. Research and application of plant integratedmanagement system in CIMS enterprises. International Conference of IE&EM,TianJin,2001
[117]黄益庄.变电站综合自动化技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[118]苏鹏声,王欢.电力系统设备状态监测与故障诊断技术分析.电力系统自动化,2003,27(1):61-66
[119]郭碧红,杨晓洪.我国电力设备在线监测技术的开发应用状况分析.电网技术,1999,23(8):65-68
[120]高翔.数字化变电站应用技术.中国电力出版社,2008
[121] Q/GDW383-2009,智能变电站技术导则.国家电网公司,2009
[122]罗理鉴,黄少锋,江清楷.智能变电站智能一次设备框架设计.电力自动化设备,2011,31(11):120-124
[123] Clemens Hoga, Siemens Germany. New ethernet technologies for substationautomation. IEEE Power Tech,2007:707-712
[124] High availability communication networks.[2009-04-29].http://news.iec61850.ru/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/upload/Hirschmann_EN.pdf
[125] MEIER S, WEIBEL H. IEEE1588applied in the environment of highavailability LANs[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium onPrecision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control andCommunication, October3-7,2007, Vienna, Austria:100-104
[126]王海峰,丁杰,陈爱林.基于IEC61850的双网通讯探讨.电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(3):76-90
[127]任雁铭,操丰梅. IEC61850新动向和新应用.电力系统自动化,2013,37(2):1-6
[128]吴在军,胡敏强,杜炎森.变电站通信网络实时性能仿真分析.电力系统自动化,2005,29(8):45-49
[129]李馨等. OPNET Modeler网络建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[130]陈敏. OPNET网络仿真.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[131]文浩,林闯,任丰原等.无线传感器网络的QoS体系结构.计算机学报,2009,32(3):432-440
[132]王阳光,尹项根,游大海,等.应用于变电站自动化系统的无线传感器网络技术.电网技术,2009,33(2):20-26
[133] Asis Nasipuri, Luke Van der Zel, Ralph McKosky. Vibration sensing forequipment’s health monitoring in power substations using wireless sensors.IEEE SoutheastCon2010, Proceedings of the IEEE,2010:268-271
[134]张文波,高强,程大伟,李洪凯.变电站在线监测系统中无线传感器网络的RETX算法.电力系统自动化,2012,36(10):86-89
[135]黄新波,方寿贤,王霄宽等.基于物联网的智能高压开关柜设计.电力自动化设备,2013,33(2):147-151
[136] V. C. Gungor and G. P. Hancke. Industrial wireless sensor networks:Challenges, design principles, and technical approaches. IEEE Trans. Ind.Electron.,2009,56(10):4258-4265
[137] V.C. Gungor and F.C. Lambert. A survey on communication networks forelectric system automation. Comput. Netw.,2006,50(7):877-897
[138] Mahfoudh S, Minet P. Survey of energy efficient strategies in wireless Ad hocand cooperation in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the7thInternational Conference on Networking. Cancun, Mexico: IEEE,2008:1-7
[139]郑巍,刘三阳,寇晓丽.基于蚁群策略的无线传感器网络能量有效路由算法.系统工程与电子技术,2009,31(8):1993-1996
[140]刘安丰,吴贤佑,陈志刚.一种基于PSO的有效能量空洞避免的无线传感器路由算法.计算机研究与发展,2009,46(4):575-582
[141]王天荆,杨震,胡海峰.基于遗传算法的无线传感器网络自适应数据融合路由算法.电子与信息学报,2007,29(9):2244-2247
[142] James Kennedy, Russell C. Eberhart, and Yuhui Shi. Swarm intelligence. SanFrancisco: Morgan Kaufmann,2011
[143]高尚,杨靖宇.群智能算法及其应用.中国水利水电出版社,2006
[144]张燕,康琦,汪镭等.群体智能.冶金自动化,2005,(2):1-4
[145] Colorni A, Dorigo M, Maniezzo V. An investigation of some properties of anant algorithm. Proceeding of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature(PPSN),France: Elsvier,1992:509-520
[146] Kennedy J, Eberhart R C. Particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of IEEEInternational Conference on Neural Networks,1995:1942-1948
[147] S. He, Q. H. Wu, A novel group search optimizer inspired by animalbehavioural ecology.2006IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2006,4415-4421
[148]谢灏斌,刘锋,李丽娟.基于GSO优化算法的框架结构优化设计.建筑结构学报,2010, S1:350-354
[149]李鹏,江辉,孙芊,周娟.基于群搜索优化算法的配电网重构.电网技术,2010,34(12):114-118
[150] S. He, Q. H. Wu, J. R. Saunders. Group search optimizer: an optimizationalgorithm inspired by animal searching behavior. IEEE Transactions onEvolutionary Computation,2009,13(5):973-990
[151] C. J. Barnard and R. M. Sibly. Producers and scroungers: a general model andits application to captive flocks of house sparrows. Animal Behavior,1981,29:543-550
[152] D. Mustard. Numerical integration over the n-dimensional spherical shell.Math. Comput.,1964,18(88):578-589
[153] Couzin I. D., Krause J., Franks N. R., Levin S. A. Effective leadership anddecision-making in animal groups on the move. Nature,2005,434:513-516
[154] J. W. Bell. Search behavior-The behavioral ecology of finding resources.London, U.K.: Chapman and Hall,1990
[155] Giuseppe Anastasi, Marco Conti, Mario Di Francesco, Andrea Passarella.Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks,2009,7:537-568
[156] Chakrabarty K, Iyengar S S, Qi H, et al. Grid coverage for surveillance andtarget location in distributed sensor networks. IEEE Transactions onComputers,2002,51(12):1448-1453
[157] Dhillon S S, Cha krabarty K. Sensor placement for effective coverage andsurveillance in distributed sensor networks. Proceedings of IEEE WirelessCommunications and Networking Conference (WCNC’03),2003:1609-1614
[158] Heinzelman W R, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. Energy-efficientcommunication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. Proceedings of the33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2002,2:3005-3014
[159] Hemzelnmn W R, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. An application-specificprotocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions onWireless Communications,2002, l(4):660-670
[160] Xiang-Yang Li, Yajun Wang. Complexity of Data Collection, Aggregation, andSelection for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers,2011,60(3):386-399
[161]刘韬.基于梯度的无线传感器网络能耗分析及能量空洞避免机制.自动化学报,2012,38(8):1353-1361
[162] Jae-Hwan Chang, Tassiulas, L. Maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensornetworks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2004,12(4):609-619
[163]王翥,王祁,魏德宝,王玲.无线传感器网络中继节点布局算法的研究.物理学报,2012,61(12):1-10
[164]辛耀中.国内成功举行第6次EMS-API互操作实验.电力系统自动化,2006,30(23):78
[2] EPRI. Profiling and mapping of intelligent grid R&D programs,1014600. PaloAlto, CA and EDF R&D, Clamart, France: EPRI,2006
[3] EPRI. Technical and system requirements of advanced distribution automation.EPRI, Palo Alto, CA,2004.1010915
[4] Paul Haase. IntelliGrid: A smart network of power. EPRI Journal,2005:17-25
[5] U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. ModernGrid Initiative: A Vision for Modern Grid. March2007,http://www.netl.doe.gov/moderngrid/docs/
[6]卢强.数字电力系统(DPS).电力系统自动化,2000,24(9):1-4
[7]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.智能电网.电网与清洁能源,2009,25(1):7-11
[8]吴俊勇.智能电网综述技术讲座,第一讲:智能电网的核心内涵和技术框架.电力电子,2010,1:55-59
[9]国家电网公司.关于加快推进坚强智能电网建设的意见.http://www.sgcc.com.cn/ztzl/2010ngs_lhjhywj/01/215426.shtml,2010
[10] International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU Internet Reports2005: TheInternet of Things. Tunis: World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS),2005
[11]朱晓荣,孙君,齐丽娜等.《物联网》.人民邮电出版社,2010
[12] Nokia. Machine-to-Machine: Let your machines talk.http://www.zdnet.co.uk/white-papers/mobile-and-wireless/2009/06/04/machine-to-machine-let-your-machine-talk-260097767/,2009-06-24
[13] Wolf W. Cyber-physical systems. IEEE Computer,2009,42(3):88-89
[14] IBM. A smarter planet. http://www.ibm.com/smarter planet,2010-02-01
[15] Commission of the European Communities. Internet of Things-An action planfor Europe COM (2009)278final. Brussels, EC Publication,2009
[16]韩国国通信委员会.物联网基础设施构建基本规划.[2009-10-19].http://www.cnttr.com/viewnews_178672.html
[17] Japan IT Strategic Headquarters. i-Japan Strategy2015.[2009-07-06].http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/policy/it/i-JapanStrategy2015_full.pdf
[18]温家宝.2010年政府工作报告.[2010-03-15].http://www.gov.cn/2010lh/content_1555767.htm
[19]中国科技部.国家“十二五”科学技术发展规划.[2011-07-13].http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2011-07/13/conten t_1905915.htm
[20]宁焕生,徐群玉.全球物联网发展及中国物联网建设若干思考.电子学报,2010,38(11):2590-2599
[21] CERP-IoT. Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap.http://ec.europa.eu/information-society/policy/rfid/documents/in-cerp.pdf,2009-09-15
[22] WELBOURNE E, BATTLE L, COLE G. Building the internet of things usingRFID: the RFID ecosystem experience. IEEE Internet Computing,2009,13(3):48-55
[23] SUNG J, LOPEZ T S, KIM D. The EPC sensor network for RFID and WSNintegration infrastructure. Proceedings of IEEE PerComW’07. White Plains,NY, USA,2007:618-621
[24] IEEE1902.1-2009Long wavelength wireless network protocol.
[25] ITU-T. Recommendation Y.2221, requirements for support of ubiquitoussensor network (USN) applications and services in NGN environment. Geneva:ITU,2010
[26]刘昕,徐格,陈文龙等.融合物联网的下一代互联网体系结构研究.电信科学,2011,11:66-74
[27] Callway E, Gorday P, Hester L, et al. Home networking with IEEE802.15.4: Adevelopments for low-rate wireless personal area networks. IEEECommunication Magazine,2002,40(8):70-77
[28]彭木根,王文博等编著.下一代宽带无线通信系统——OFDM与WiMAX.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.1
[29] Dikaiakos M D, Katsaros D, Mehra P, et al. Cloud computing: Distributedinternet computing for IT and scientific research. IEEE Internet ComputingMagazine,2009,13(05):10-13
[30]中华人民共和国电力工业部.电力设备预防性试验规程DL/T596-1996.北京:中国电力出版社,1997
[31]黄建华,全零三.变电站高压电气设备状态检修的现状及其发展.电力系统自动化,2001,8:56-61
[32]国家电网公司. Q/GDW168-2008《输变电设备状态检修试验规程》.北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[33]郭碧红,杨晓红.我国电力设备在线监测技术的开发应用状况分析.电网技术,1999,23(8):66-69
[34] Y. Han, Y. H. Song. Condition monitoring techniques for electrical equipment-A Literature Survey. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,18(1):4-13
[35] Leibfried, T. Feser, K. Monitoring of power transformers using the transferfunction method. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(4):1333-1341
[36] De Klerk, P. H. Reynders, J. P. Winding slackness monitoring as a diagnosticfor insulation ageing in oil-paper insulated power transformers. EleventhInternational Symposium on High Voltage Engineering,1999,1:185-188
[37] W. J.(Bill) Bergman. Selecting circuit breaker monitoring. Transmission andDistribution Conference and Exposition,2001IEEE/PES,2:1071-1076
[38] IEC. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation: Part7-2basic information and communication structure-abstract communicationservice interface (ACSI).2010
[39] IEC. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation: Part7-3basic communication structure-common data classes.2010
[40] IEC. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation: Part7-4basic communication structure-compatible logical node classes and dataobject classes.2010
[41]王德文,王艳,邸剑.智能变电站状态监测系统的设计方案.电力系统自动化,2011,35(18):51-56
[42]赵增华,石高涛,韩双立等.基于无线传感器网络的高压输电线路在线监测系统.电力系统自动化,2009,33(19):80-84
[43]郭创新,高振兴,张金江,壁建权.基于物联网技术的输变电设备状态监测与检修资产管理.电力科学与技术学报,2010,25(4):36-41
[44]张金江,郭创新,曹一家等.变电站设备状态监测系统及其IEC模型协调.电力系统自动化,2009,33(20):67-72
[45]王德文,邸剑,张长明.变电站状态监测IED的IEC61850信息建模与实现.电力系统自动化,2012,36(3):81-86
[46] CASAGRS. White Papers WP4: RFID and the Internet of Things-Enablers ofUbiquitous Computing and Network. http://www.rfidglobal.eu/,2009
[47] Guinard D, Trifa V, et al. Interacting with the SOA-based Internet of Things:Discovery, Query, Selection, and On-Demand Provisioning of Web Services.IEEE Transactions on Service Oriented Computing,2010,3(3):223-235
[48]王聪生,康慧,吴国强等.电厂标识系统编码应用手册.北京:中国电力出版社.2011
[49]钱升,杜佩仁. IEC/CIM模型在功能位置编码中的应用.电力信息化,2004,2(8):79-81
[50]陈济,郭创新,刘波,等.基于公共信息模型的自适应统一编码体系设计.电网技术,2010,34(2):52-56
[51] EPC global. GS1EPC Tag Standard1.6.http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/tds/tds_1_6-RatifiedStd-20110922.pdf,2011.09.22
[52] SRI Consulting Business Intelligence. Disruptive technologies: Globaltrends2025, Appendix F: The internet of things (background). www.scribd.com,2010.05.03
[53] Xiaofeng Wang, Noel N. Schulz, ScoR Neumann. CIM extensions to electricaldistribution and XML for the IEEE radial test feeders. IEEE Transactions onPower Systems,2003, l8(3):1021-1027
[54] IEC. Draft IEC6l970: Energy Management System Application ProgramInterface (EMS-API)-Part301: Common Information Model (CIM): Base1.Revision6
[55] IEC61850: Communication networks and systems in substations,2005
[56] IEC61970: Energy Management System Application Program Interface(EMS-API),2003
[57] IEC61968: Application integration at electric Utilities-System interfaces fordistribution management,2003
[58]王益民.坚强智能电网技术标准体系研究框架.电力系统自动化,2010,34(22):1-6
[59] Shih C J, Chu K.Y, Lee Y H, et al. A power cloud system (PCS) for highefficiency and enhanced transient response in SoC. IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics,2012,99(PP):1-25
[60]郭创新,彭明伟,刘毅.多数据源信息融合的电网故障诊断新方法.中国电机工程学报,2009,29(31):1-7
[61]张冀,王兵树,邸剑等.传感器多故障诊断的信息融合方法研究.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(16):104-108
[62] Xiao J, Ribeiro A, Luo Z, et al. Distributed compression-estimation usingwireless sensor networks. IEEE Signal Proceedings Magazine,2006,23(4):27-41
[63] Yuan Y, Kam M. Distributed decision fusion with a random-access channel forsensor network applications. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation andMeasurement,2004,53(4):1339-1344
[64] Shu H, Liang Q. Fuzzy optimization for distributed sensor deployment.Proceedings of the2005IEEE Wireless Communication and NetworkingConference (WCNC’05),New Orleans, USA,2005
[65] Yusuf M, Haider T. Energy-aware fuzzy routing for wireless sensor networks.Proceedings of the2005IEEE International Conference on EmergingTechnologies (ICET’05),Islamabad, Pakistan,2005
[66] Christon P M. Security and privacy challenges in the internet of things.Proceedings WowKiVS2009,Electronic Communications of the EASST,Germany,2009
[67] Rolf H Weber. Internet of things-new security and privacy challenges.Computer Law&Security Review,2010,26(1):23-30
[68] Pierre de Leusses, Panos Periorellis. Self managed security cell, a securitymodel for the internet of things and services. First International Conference onAdvances in Future Internet, Athens, The Hellenic Republic,2009
[69] EPC global. The EPCglobal Architecture Framework.http://www.epcglobainc.org/standards/architecture/architecture_1_3-framework-20090319. pdf,2009.03.19
[70] Ubiquitous ID Center. Ubiquitous ID Architecture. http://www.uidcenter.org/english/architecture.html,2009.05.20
[71] IEC SM B Smart Grid Strategic Group (SG3). IEC detailed technical referencedocument for smart grid standardization-roadmap discussion.2010
[72]任雁铭,操丰梅,唐喜等.智能电网的通信技术标准化建议.电力系统自动化,2011,35(3):1-5
[73] Pierre Jean Benghozi, Sylvain Bureau, et al. The Internet of Things: WhatChallenges for Europe. http://www.voxinternet.org/,2008.10
[74]谢善益.基于UCIM的数字化变电站及控制中心模型协同设计.电力系统自动化,2011,35(15):64-67
[75]许良柱,陈涛,陈荣等.集控中心全景状态监测系统研究与设计.电气信息化,2011,9(6):53-58
[76]唐跃中,邵志奇,郭创新,等.数字化电网体系结构研究.电力自动化设备,2009,29(6):115-118
[77] Kostic T, Preiss O, Frei C, Towards the Formal Integration of Two UpcomingStandards: IEC61970and IEC61850//2003Large Engineering SystemsConference on Power Engineering,2003:24-29
[78] APOSTOLOVA, VANDIVER B. Functional testing of IEC61850based IEDsand Systems://Proceedings of2004IEEE PES Power Systems ConferenceExposition: Vol2,2004, NewYork, NY, USA: IEEE:640-645
[79] C. Hoga and P. Skare, IEC61850Projects in Germany and Switzerland//IEEEPES2006:390-393
[80] Apostolov, A. Tholomier, D. Impact of IEC61850on Power SystemProtection//Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006:1053-1058
[81] Holbach, J. Rodriguez, J. Wester, C. Status on the first IEC61850basedprojection and control multi-vendor project in the United States, ProtectiveRelay Engineers//60th Annual Conference,2007:283-306
[82]谭文恕.“十一五”期间试验应用IEC61850将会广泛应用.[2009-2-26].http://www.61850.cn/Products_list.asp?tcss=3&id=72
[83] Schwarz Karlheinz. IEC61850beyond Substations–The Standard for thewhole Energy Supply System//The17th Conference of the Electric PowerSupply Industry. CEPSI2008. Macau, China
[84] Christoph Brunner. IEC61850is growing. http://www.pacw.org/issue/summer_2008_issue/iec_61850_update.html
[85] Kostic Tatjana, Otto Preiss, Christian Frei. Understanding and using the IEC61850: a case for meta-modelling. Computer Standards&Interfaces, Elsevier,2005,27:679–695
[86]张维民等.信息系统建模.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[87] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch著; Adams Wang译. UML参考手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[88]赵庆峰,鞠英杰.国内元数据研究综述.现代情报,2003,11:42-45
[89]黄宏斌,邓苏,马丽丽等.面向语义的元数据模型及OWL表示.计算机工程与科学,2007,29(11):105-109
[90] JAY P B, AMOLD N D. CIM based standards and CIM evolution. IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2005,20(2):758-764
[91]钟聪. IEC61970及IEC61968在电力企业管理信息系统中的应用.电力信息化,2008,6(2):68-71
[92]何峻,罗建,王官洁等. IEC61968标准的原理及其应用分析.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(5):36-39
[93]钟聪. IEC61970及IEC61968在电力企业管理信息系统中的应用.电力信息化,2008,6(2):68-71
[94] Tada, Yasuyuki. Status of international standards about CIM on EMS for trunkpower network. IEEE Transactions on Power and Energy,2012(10):829-833
[95]郑建辉,孟昭勇,林馨.基于IEC61970／61968的发电厂资源CIM建模.电力自动化设备,2010,30(1):106-109
[96]孙宏斌,吴文传,张伯明,等. IEC61970标准的扩展在调度控制中心集成化中的应用.电网技术,2005,29(16):21-25
[97]刘崇茹,张伯明,孙宏斌,等.包含直流输电系统的公用信息模型的扩展.电力系统自动化,2004,28(20):52-56
[98]刘炎炎,徐家慧,刘军.基于IEC61970公共信息模型的调度数据中心设备模型及其扩展方案.电网技术,2007,31(2):324-326
[99]唐跃中,阮前途,曹晋彰,郭创新,曹一家.电网企业综合数据平台的开发.电网技术,2009,33(17):37-43
[100] IEC,61968: System Interfaces For Distribution Management-Part3: InterfaceStandard for Network Operations
[101] IEC,61968: System Interfaces For Distribution Management-Part4: InterfaceStandard for Records and Asset Management
[102] Jay P. Britto, Arnold N. deVos. CIM—Based Standards and CIM Evolution.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2005,20(2):758-764
[103]刘智玮,李蕊.智能电网中传感器标识标准化的研究与应用.电力系统通信,2012,33(242):90-94
[104]国网公司企业标准Q/GDW383-2009《智能变电站技术导则》
[105]苗世洪,谌小莉,黄绪勇,刘沛.无线自组传感器网络在变电站自动化中的应用电网技术,2007,31(S2):256-259
[106]王阳光,尹项根,游大海,等.应用于变电站自动化系统的无线传感器网络技术.电网技术,2009,33(2):20-26
[107] Vehbi C. Gungor, Bin Lu, Gerhard P. Hancke. Opportunities and challenges ofwireless sensor network in smart grid. IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics,2010,57(10):3557-3564
[108] A. Nasipuri, R. Cox, H. Alasti, L. Van der Zel, et al. Wireless sensor networkfor substation monitoring: Design and deployment. SenSys’08:6th Intl. Conf.on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems,2008:365-366
[109] Matta N., Ranhim-Amoud R., Merghem-Boulahia L., Jrad A. A wireless sensornetwork for substation monitoring and control in the smart grid.2012IEEEInternational Conference on Green Computing and Communications,2012:203-209
[110]黄绪勇,刘沛,苗世洪等.无线传感自组网在电力监控中的应用动态.电力系统自动化,2007,31(7):99-103
[111] Asis Nasipuri, Luke Van der Zel, Ralph McKosky. Design considerations for alarge-scale wireless sensor network for substation monitoring.5th IEEEInternational Workshop on Practical Issues in Building Sensor NetworkApplications,2010:866-873
[112] Crawley E, Nair R, Rajagopaian B, et al. A framework for QoS based rootingin the internet.[1998-08-28]. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc.2386.txt
[113] D.Chen and P. K. Varshney. QoS support in wireless sensor networks: Asurvey. In the Proc. of the International Conference on Wireless Networks2004(ICWN’04), LasVegas, Nevada, USA,2004
[114]国家电网公司.国家电网公司关于规范开展状态检修工作意见.2008
[115]中国电力科学研究院.基于状态检修基础的电器设备试验规程.北京:国家电网公司,2007
[116] Han Jitao, Wang Taiyong. Research and application of plant integratedmanagement system in CIMS enterprises. International Conference of IE&EM,TianJin,2001
[117]黄益庄.变电站综合自动化技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[118]苏鹏声,王欢.电力系统设备状态监测与故障诊断技术分析.电力系统自动化,2003,27(1):61-66
[119]郭碧红,杨晓洪.我国电力设备在线监测技术的开发应用状况分析.电网技术,1999,23(8):65-68
[120]高翔.数字化变电站应用技术.中国电力出版社,2008
[121] Q/GDW383-2009,智能变电站技术导则.国家电网公司,2009
[122]罗理鉴,黄少锋,江清楷.智能变电站智能一次设备框架设计.电力自动化设备,2011,31(11):120-124
[123] Clemens Hoga, Siemens Germany. New ethernet technologies for substationautomation. IEEE Power Tech,2007:707-712
[124] High availability communication networks.[2009-04-29].http://news.iec61850.ru/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/upload/Hirschmann_EN.pdf
[125] MEIER S, WEIBEL H. IEEE1588applied in the environment of highavailability LANs[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium onPrecision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control andCommunication, October3-7,2007, Vienna, Austria:100-104
[126]王海峰,丁杰,陈爱林.基于IEC61850的双网通讯探讨.电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(3):76-90
[127]任雁铭,操丰梅. IEC61850新动向和新应用.电力系统自动化,2013,37(2):1-6
[128]吴在军,胡敏强,杜炎森.变电站通信网络实时性能仿真分析.电力系统自动化,2005,29(8):45-49
[129]李馨等. OPNET Modeler网络建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[130]陈敏. OPNET网络仿真.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[131]文浩,林闯,任丰原等.无线传感器网络的QoS体系结构.计算机学报,2009,32(3):432-440
[132]王阳光,尹项根,游大海,等.应用于变电站自动化系统的无线传感器网络技术.电网技术,2009,33(2):20-26
[133] Asis Nasipuri, Luke Van der Zel, Ralph McKosky. Vibration sensing forequipment’s health monitoring in power substations using wireless sensors.IEEE SoutheastCon2010, Proceedings of the IEEE,2010:268-271
[134]张文波,高强,程大伟,李洪凯.变电站在线监测系统中无线传感器网络的RETX算法.电力系统自动化,2012,36(10):86-89
[135]黄新波,方寿贤,王霄宽等.基于物联网的智能高压开关柜设计.电力自动化设备,2013,33(2):147-151
[136] V. C. Gungor and G. P. Hancke. Industrial wireless sensor networks:Challenges, design principles, and technical approaches. IEEE Trans. Ind.Electron.,2009,56(10):4258-4265
[137] V.C. Gungor and F.C. Lambert. A survey on communication networks forelectric system automation. Comput. Netw.,2006,50(7):877-897
[138] Mahfoudh S, Minet P. Survey of energy efficient strategies in wireless Ad hocand cooperation in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the7thInternational Conference on Networking. Cancun, Mexico: IEEE,2008:1-7
[139]郑巍,刘三阳,寇晓丽.基于蚁群策略的无线传感器网络能量有效路由算法.系统工程与电子技术,2009,31(8):1993-1996
[140]刘安丰,吴贤佑,陈志刚.一种基于PSO的有效能量空洞避免的无线传感器路由算法.计算机研究与发展,2009,46(4):575-582
[141]王天荆,杨震,胡海峰.基于遗传算法的无线传感器网络自适应数据融合路由算法.电子与信息学报,2007,29(9):2244-2247
[142] James Kennedy, Russell C. Eberhart, and Yuhui Shi. Swarm intelligence. SanFrancisco: Morgan Kaufmann,2011
[143]高尚,杨靖宇.群智能算法及其应用.中国水利水电出版社,2006
[144]张燕,康琦,汪镭等.群体智能.冶金自动化,2005,(2):1-4
[145] Colorni A, Dorigo M, Maniezzo V. An investigation of some properties of anant algorithm. Proceeding of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature(PPSN),France: Elsvier,1992:509-520
[146] Kennedy J, Eberhart R C. Particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of IEEEInternational Conference on Neural Networks,1995:1942-1948
[147] S. He, Q. H. Wu, A novel group search optimizer inspired by animalbehavioural ecology.2006IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2006,4415-4421
[148]谢灏斌,刘锋,李丽娟.基于GSO优化算法的框架结构优化设计.建筑结构学报,2010, S1:350-354
[149]李鹏,江辉,孙芊,周娟.基于群搜索优化算法的配电网重构.电网技术,2010,34(12):114-118
[150] S. He, Q. H. Wu, J. R. Saunders. Group search optimizer: an optimizationalgorithm inspired by animal searching behavior. IEEE Transactions onEvolutionary Computation,2009,13(5):973-990
[151] C. J. Barnard and R. M. Sibly. Producers and scroungers: a general model andits application to captive flocks of house sparrows. Animal Behavior,1981,29:543-550
[152] D. Mustard. Numerical integration over the n-dimensional spherical shell.Math. Comput.,1964,18(88):578-589
[153] Couzin I. D., Krause J., Franks N. R., Levin S. A. Effective leadership anddecision-making in animal groups on the move. Nature,2005,434:513-516
[154] J. W. Bell. Search behavior-The behavioral ecology of finding resources.London, U.K.: Chapman and Hall,1990
[155] Giuseppe Anastasi, Marco Conti, Mario Di Francesco, Andrea Passarella.Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks,2009,7:537-568
[156] Chakrabarty K, Iyengar S S, Qi H, et al. Grid coverage for surveillance andtarget location in distributed sensor networks. IEEE Transactions onComputers,2002,51(12):1448-1453
[157] Dhillon S S, Cha krabarty K. Sensor placement for effective coverage andsurveillance in distributed sensor networks. Proceedings of IEEE WirelessCommunications and Networking Conference (WCNC’03),2003:1609-1614
[158] Heinzelman W R, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. Energy-efficientcommunication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. Proceedings of the33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2002,2:3005-3014
[159] Hemzelnmn W R, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. An application-specificprotocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions onWireless Communications,2002, l(4):660-670
[160] Xiang-Yang Li, Yajun Wang. Complexity of Data Collection, Aggregation, andSelection for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers,2011,60(3):386-399
[161]刘韬.基于梯度的无线传感器网络能耗分析及能量空洞避免机制.自动化学报,2012,38(8):1353-1361
[162] Jae-Hwan Chang, Tassiulas, L. Maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensornetworks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2004,12(4):609-619
[163]王翥,王祁,魏德宝,王玲.无线传感器网络中继节点布局算法的研究.物理学报,2012,61(12):1-10
[164]辛耀中.国内成功举行第6次EMS-API互操作实验.电力系统自动化,2006,30(23):78