利用两个高油主效QTL改良优良杂交种—郑单958的研究
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摘要
玉米油富含不饱和脂肪酸,人体易吸收的亚油酸最高可达61.8%,是一种具有多种抗氧化剂的高品质食用油。2010我国玉米种植面积达到3250万公顷成为最大的粮食作物,其中杂交种郑单958为推广面积最大的杂交种,提高郑单958的油份含量进一步提高杂交种的附加值具有重要意义。本实验利用分子标记辅助选择手段,以高油玉米自交系By804为供体亲本,以郑单958的两个亲本为轮回亲本,将两个高油主效QTL位点qH06和qH01分别转入到昌7-2和郑58中,以期通过改良两个亲本的油份含量进一步提高郑单958油份含量,同时利用改良的近等基因系研究两个主效QTL的效应,为生产实践提供依据。主要研究结果如下：
(1)导入qH06位点的改良昌7-2和郑58与对照亲本籽粒油份及产量相关性状的二年三点田间试验比较表明,改良系籽粒油份含量分别达到5.0%和4.4%,较对照分别提高19.6%及29.4%,而其他的产量相关性状均没有显著变化。表明导入的qH06位点除了显著提高改良系籽粒油份含量外,没有导致产量性状的变化。
(2)导入qHO1位点的昌7-2和郑58改良系油份含量与对照亲本显著提高。二年三点田间试验的结果表明,籽粒油份含量分别达到4.77%和4.13%,较对照昌7-2和郑58提高11%和16%。但是,籽粒百粒重分别显著下降1.3g(5%)和1.76g(6%),除了改良郑58的穗行数增加以外,两个改良系的其他产量性状没有显著变化。
(3)qH06位点改良昌7-2和郑58组配改良郑单958与对照一年五点田间试验比较表明：改良郑单958籽粒油份含量达到4.65%,比对照郑单958提高20%,达到显著水平。改良杂交种籽粒百粒重为36.01g,与对照35.95g没有显著差别。进一步考查籽粒及胚性状发现,除了胚重有0.003g(5.4%)显著增加外,改良杂交种较对照其他籽粒及胚性状均没有显著变化。
(4)qHO1位点改良昌7-2和郑58组配改良郑单958与对照一年五点田间试验比较表明,改良郑单958籽粒油份含量达到4.43%,较对照显著提高0.5%,相对提高13%,同时百粒重却有1.14g(3.2%)的显著下降,改良郑单958除穗行数较对照有显著变化外,其他产量相关性状均没有改变。进一步对籽粒和胚性状进行比较分析发现,改良郑单958较对照相比,籽粒长宽厚分别下降0.2mm、0.15mm及0.23mm,而胚长和胚宽分别增加0.33mm、0.23mm,且均达到极显著水平,表明籽粒油份提高的同时籽粒及胚性状有相应的变化。
Maize oil is a highly valued vegitable oil as it has high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. In2010, maize became the top first crop in China when the plant area reached up to32.5million hectares. Among all the planted maize hybrids, Zhengdan958had the largest plant area, and thus increasing the kernel oil content in Zhengdan958will play a critical role in the increase of the added value in maize hybrids. In this study, two major QTL for oil content, qHO1and qHO6, were targeted for introgression of the favorable alleles from the high-oil inbred lines, By804, into two parents of elite maize hybrids Zhengdan958, Zheng58and Chang7-2, to increase the oil content in Zhengdan958using marker-assisted recurrent selection. In addition, the effects of two major QTL for oil content were further observed using the improved lines, providing the useful information for the commercial production of the improved Zhengdan958. The major results are as the following:
1) For qHO6, the kernel oil content in the improved lines from Chang7-2and Zheng58reached up to5.0%and4.4%, and increased by19.6%and29.4%compared with the control, respectively. In addition, no significant changes were observed for yield related traits in the improved lines. These results indicate qHO6only affects the oil content while not yield related traits.
2) For qHO1, the kernel oil content in the improved lines from Chang7-2and Zheng58reached up to4.77%and4.13%, and increased by11%and16%compared with the control, respectively. However,100-kernel weight in the improved lines from Chang7-2and Zheng58decreased by1.3g (5%) and1.76g (6%), respectively. Furthermore, significant changes were observed for ear row number in the improved lines from Zheng58.
3) The field experiments in five locations in one year of the improved Zhengdan958for qHO6showed the oil content reached up to4.65%, and increased by20%compared with the control. No significant differences were observed for100-kernel weight between the improved Zhengdan958(36.01g) and control (35.95g). Further investigations showed no other traits in maize kernel and embryo changed significantly besides the embryo weight, which increase significant by0.003g (5.4%).
4) The field experiments in five locations in one year of the improved Zhengdan958for qHO1showed the oil content reached up to4.43%, and increased significantly by13%compared with the control. Additionally, significant changes were observed for100-kernel weight (increased by1.14g) and ear row number, but not for no other yield related traits. Further investigations for the kernel and embryo related traits showed the kernel length, width and thickness in the improved Zhengdan958for qHO1significantly decreased by0.2,0.15and0.23mm, and embryo length and width increased by0.33and0.23mm, respectively. These results indicate the improved Zhengdan958for qHO1have significant changes both in kernel oil content, kernel and embryo related traits.
(1)导入qH06位点的改良昌7-2和郑58与对照亲本籽粒油份及产量相关性状的二年三点田间试验比较表明,改良系籽粒油份含量分别达到5.0%和4.4%,较对照分别提高19.6%及29.4%,而其他的产量相关性状均没有显著变化。表明导入的qH06位点除了显著提高改良系籽粒油份含量外,没有导致产量性状的变化。
(2)导入qHO1位点的昌7-2和郑58改良系油份含量与对照亲本显著提高。二年三点田间试验的结果表明,籽粒油份含量分别达到4.77%和4.13%,较对照昌7-2和郑58提高11%和16%。但是,籽粒百粒重分别显著下降1.3g(5%)和1.76g(6%),除了改良郑58的穗行数增加以外,两个改良系的其他产量性状没有显著变化。
(3)qH06位点改良昌7-2和郑58组配改良郑单958与对照一年五点田间试验比较表明：改良郑单958籽粒油份含量达到4.65%,比对照郑单958提高20%,达到显著水平。改良杂交种籽粒百粒重为36.01g,与对照35.95g没有显著差别。进一步考查籽粒及胚性状发现,除了胚重有0.003g(5.4%)显著增加外,改良杂交种较对照其他籽粒及胚性状均没有显著变化。
(4)qHO1位点改良昌7-2和郑58组配改良郑单958与对照一年五点田间试验比较表明,改良郑单958籽粒油份含量达到4.43%,较对照显著提高0.5%,相对提高13%,同时百粒重却有1.14g(3.2%)的显著下降,改良郑单958除穗行数较对照有显著变化外,其他产量相关性状均没有改变。进一步对籽粒和胚性状进行比较分析发现,改良郑单958较对照相比,籽粒长宽厚分别下降0.2mm、0.15mm及0.23mm,而胚长和胚宽分别增加0.33mm、0.23mm,且均达到极显著水平,表明籽粒油份提高的同时籽粒及胚性状有相应的变化。
Maize oil is a highly valued vegitable oil as it has high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. In2010, maize became the top first crop in China when the plant area reached up to32.5million hectares. Among all the planted maize hybrids, Zhengdan958had the largest plant area, and thus increasing the kernel oil content in Zhengdan958will play a critical role in the increase of the added value in maize hybrids. In this study, two major QTL for oil content, qHO1and qHO6, were targeted for introgression of the favorable alleles from the high-oil inbred lines, By804, into two parents of elite maize hybrids Zhengdan958, Zheng58and Chang7-2, to increase the oil content in Zhengdan958using marker-assisted recurrent selection. In addition, the effects of two major QTL for oil content were further observed using the improved lines, providing the useful information for the commercial production of the improved Zhengdan958. The major results are as the following:
1) For qHO6, the kernel oil content in the improved lines from Chang7-2and Zheng58reached up to5.0%and4.4%, and increased by19.6%and29.4%compared with the control, respectively. In addition, no significant changes were observed for yield related traits in the improved lines. These results indicate qHO6only affects the oil content while not yield related traits.
2) For qHO1, the kernel oil content in the improved lines from Chang7-2and Zheng58reached up to4.77%and4.13%, and increased by11%and16%compared with the control, respectively. However,100-kernel weight in the improved lines from Chang7-2and Zheng58decreased by1.3g (5%) and1.76g (6%), respectively. Furthermore, significant changes were observed for ear row number in the improved lines from Zheng58.
3) The field experiments in five locations in one year of the improved Zhengdan958for qHO6showed the oil content reached up to4.65%, and increased by20%compared with the control. No significant differences were observed for100-kernel weight between the improved Zhengdan958(36.01g) and control (35.95g). Further investigations showed no other traits in maize kernel and embryo changed significantly besides the embryo weight, which increase significant by0.003g (5.4%).
4) The field experiments in five locations in one year of the improved Zhengdan958for qHO1showed the oil content reached up to4.43%, and increased significantly by13%compared with the control. Additionally, significant changes were observed for100-kernel weight (increased by1.14g) and ear row number, but not for no other yield related traits. Further investigations for the kernel and embryo related traits showed the kernel length, width and thickness in the improved Zhengdan958for qHO1significantly decreased by0.2,0.15and0.23mm, and embryo length and width increased by0.33and0.23mm, respectively. These results indicate the improved Zhengdan958for qHO1have significant changes both in kernel oil content, kernel and embryo related traits.
引文
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