高速公路路侧事故分析与安全保障技术研究
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摘要
随着近年来我国公路事业，尤其是高速公路的发展，为社会经济的迅猛发展提供了有力的交通保障，改变了人们的生活方式，提高了人们的生活水平。然而，高速公路事故多样性及多发性问题，特别是路侧事故严重程度长期居高不下的难题，已经成为影响社会和谐发展的热点问题之一，广受关注，故高速公路路侧安全保障已成为我国交通事业所要面临的重要问题，亟需对路侧事故进行分析研究并提出相应的安全保障技术。
依据江西省高速公路网2010~2011年1429起事故统计数据和三条典型高速公路(昌樟、梨温、泰井)2009~2010年的137起路侧事故资料，在充分分析事故特征的基础上，系统地提出了高速公路路侧安全的保障技术方法，其目的在于通过对相关理论与方法的研究，为高速公路路侧安全保障和设施设计提供一定的理论参考和技术支持，研究成果将对提高我国高速公路路侧安全的整体水平做出一定贡献。
其次介绍了传统的事故多发点鉴别方法及其适用性和优缺点，以江西省高速公路网中事故多发起点鉴别为例，对比分析了事故数、事故率、矩阵法、当量事故数法、质量控制法的应用；采用模糊评价法对江西省梨温高速公路进行了交通安全水平综合评价，应用决策树方法对路侧事故多发点进行了成因分析，结果表明AADT与事故发生密切相关，并有针对性地提出了相应的改善措施与方法。
阐述了路侧安全净区的概念，分析了路侧净区内障碍物的种类，结合江西省高速公路路侧障碍物碰撞次数，与美国相应路侧障碍物碰撞次数进行对比，研究确定了高速公路路侧障碍物处理设计方法、解体消能设计方法和障碍物标示方法，阐述了路侧障碍物养护维修措施，包括护栏的日常养护、事故维修等。
对现行高速公路路侧安全设计存在的问题进行了分析，主要包括公路建筑限界问题、不同刚度的护栏衔接问题、路堑路段边沟防护问题、上跨桥梁墩台防护问题、高速公路开口防护问题、中间带活动护栏设计问题、护栏设施设计问题，并相应地提出了高速公路路侧安全设计内容和设计方法。包括护栏设计、排水结构隔离防护设计、路肩震鸣带设计，以瑞赣高速公路为例详细阐述了应用案例。
根据江西省高速公路路侧事故的特点，基于GIS技术软件的灵活性、功能多样性和可延伸性特点，提出了面向路侧安全的高速公路运行速度管理技术，包括运行速度的协调性评价方法和三级评价标准、特殊位置处的车速限制条件及基于能见度指标的不利天气条件下高速公路车速限制模型，研究确定了雾天、雨天及冰雪天气条件下高速公路车速限制标准建议；开发出江西省高速公路路侧安全管理系统，包括基础信息模块、路侧事故统计模块、路侧事故多发点段鉴别模块等。
本文以改善山区高速公路路侧安全为突破点，强调理论与实践相结合，在相应理论方法及工程措施研究方面有所突破和创新：1)高速公路路侧障碍物处理及安全设计方法；2)提出了面向路侧安全的高速公路车速限制方法；3)开发了高速公路路侧安全管理系统。鉴于本文研究的不完善之处，完善理论模型及高速公路路侧安全管理系统示范工程等均为后续研究的主攻方向和工作重点。
The development of highway industry in China, especially the development of thefreeway, provide a strong protection for the rapid development of the socio-economic, changepeople's lifestyles, improve people's living standards in recent years. However, the diversityand multiple problems of highway accidents, especially the remain of the high severity of theside of the freeway accidents for a long time has become one of the hottest issues of theharmonious development of society, and it has been broad interested.
Therefore, the freeway roadside security has become an important issue that our nationaltraffic have to face. And it’s urgent to analyze the accidents on the freeway roadside andpropose appropriate security technologies.
According to the1429accident statistics from2010to2011and137samples of roadsideaccident from Chang-zhang, Li-wen and Tai-jing three freeways in Jiangxi Province from2009to2010,we present the safety protection techniques of the roadside of freewaysystematically, which based on a full analysis of the characteristics of the accidents, aiming atproviding a theoretical reference and technical support for security and facilities design offreeway roadside through the research of the related theories and methods. And the resultswill make a great contribution to the improvement of the overall safety level of freeways ofour nation.
Secondly, we introduce the traditional identification methods of the accident-prone pointand their applicability, advantages and disadvantages. And then, we put up the identificationof the accident-prone start point of Jiangxi Province freeway network as an example,analyzing the application of the number of accidents, accident rates, the matrix method, theequivalent number of accidents, mass control method comparatively; Fuzzy evaluationmethod has been used in a comprehensive evaluation of traffic safety of Li-wen Expressway,Jiangxi Province and the decision tree method has been used in causes analysis of theroadside accident-prone points. The results shows that the AADT is closely related to theaccidents and we raise some corresponding improvement measures pointedly.
This paper elaborate the concept of net area of the roadside safety, analyze the types ofthe obstacles in the net area of the roadside. The study also identify that how to design a planto handle the obstacles of the freeway roadside and breakaway design methods and obstaclesmarked design methods, describe the maintenance measures on the road side obstacles,including routine maintenance of the fence, and accident repairs, by combining the number ofJiangxi Province freeway side obstacle collision with the comparation with the correspondingroad side obstacle collision times.
This paper also analyzes the problems of security and design of the existing freewayroadside, it includes highway construction clearance, the convergence of different stiffness ofthe guardrails, the ditch protection of cutting section, the protection of the cross-bridge pier,freeway opening protection, the design of the middle movable parapet and the design ofguardrail facilities, and accordingly proposes the design content and methods of freewayroadside security, including fence design, drainage structures isolated protection design,seismic ring zone design of the road shoulder. We elaborated applications detailed and Rui-gan Expressway been taken as an example.
According to the characteristics of the roadside accidents of Jiang Xi Province and basedon what characteristics that GIS software has such as flexibility, versatility and scalability,this research proposes freeway speed management strategy for roadside safety, includingoperating speed evaluation methods of coordination and the three evaluation criteria, themaximum speed and minimum speed limits standard of vehicles, speed limits standard inpartial sections and the model of freeway speed limits under bad weather based on thevisibility indicators. With the study we fix the proposal of freeway speed standard under fog,rain and snow, and develop a freeway roadside safety management system of Jiang XiProvince, including basic information module, side of the road accident statistics module,side of the road accident and multiple point of the identification module and so on.
This paper takes improving the mountain freeway roadside safety as the breakthroughpoint, and emphasizes the theory is combined with practice. It recommends a breakthrough inthree fields:1) the mountain freeway roadside accident-prone point identification method isproposed;2) it suggested a series of standard reference values for roadside-safty-relatedspeed limitation of freeway;3) the freeway roadside safety management system is developed.Given the imperfections of this study to improve the theoretical model and the freewayroadside safety management system demonstration project are the main direction and focus ofthe follow-up study.
依据江西省高速公路网2010~2011年1429起事故统计数据和三条典型高速公路(昌樟、梨温、泰井)2009~2010年的137起路侧事故资料，在充分分析事故特征的基础上，系统地提出了高速公路路侧安全的保障技术方法，其目的在于通过对相关理论与方法的研究，为高速公路路侧安全保障和设施设计提供一定的理论参考和技术支持，研究成果将对提高我国高速公路路侧安全的整体水平做出一定贡献。
其次介绍了传统的事故多发点鉴别方法及其适用性和优缺点，以江西省高速公路网中事故多发起点鉴别为例，对比分析了事故数、事故率、矩阵法、当量事故数法、质量控制法的应用；采用模糊评价法对江西省梨温高速公路进行了交通安全水平综合评价，应用决策树方法对路侧事故多发点进行了成因分析，结果表明AADT与事故发生密切相关，并有针对性地提出了相应的改善措施与方法。
阐述了路侧安全净区的概念，分析了路侧净区内障碍物的种类，结合江西省高速公路路侧障碍物碰撞次数，与美国相应路侧障碍物碰撞次数进行对比，研究确定了高速公路路侧障碍物处理设计方法、解体消能设计方法和障碍物标示方法，阐述了路侧障碍物养护维修措施，包括护栏的日常养护、事故维修等。
对现行高速公路路侧安全设计存在的问题进行了分析，主要包括公路建筑限界问题、不同刚度的护栏衔接问题、路堑路段边沟防护问题、上跨桥梁墩台防护问题、高速公路开口防护问题、中间带活动护栏设计问题、护栏设施设计问题，并相应地提出了高速公路路侧安全设计内容和设计方法。包括护栏设计、排水结构隔离防护设计、路肩震鸣带设计，以瑞赣高速公路为例详细阐述了应用案例。
根据江西省高速公路路侧事故的特点，基于GIS技术软件的灵活性、功能多样性和可延伸性特点，提出了面向路侧安全的高速公路运行速度管理技术，包括运行速度的协调性评价方法和三级评价标准、特殊位置处的车速限制条件及基于能见度指标的不利天气条件下高速公路车速限制模型，研究确定了雾天、雨天及冰雪天气条件下高速公路车速限制标准建议；开发出江西省高速公路路侧安全管理系统，包括基础信息模块、路侧事故统计模块、路侧事故多发点段鉴别模块等。
本文以改善山区高速公路路侧安全为突破点，强调理论与实践相结合，在相应理论方法及工程措施研究方面有所突破和创新：1)高速公路路侧障碍物处理及安全设计方法；2)提出了面向路侧安全的高速公路车速限制方法；3)开发了高速公路路侧安全管理系统。鉴于本文研究的不完善之处，完善理论模型及高速公路路侧安全管理系统示范工程等均为后续研究的主攻方向和工作重点。
The development of highway industry in China, especially the development of thefreeway, provide a strong protection for the rapid development of the socio-economic, changepeople's lifestyles, improve people's living standards in recent years. However, the diversityand multiple problems of highway accidents, especially the remain of the high severity of theside of the freeway accidents for a long time has become one of the hottest issues of theharmonious development of society, and it has been broad interested.
Therefore, the freeway roadside security has become an important issue that our nationaltraffic have to face. And it’s urgent to analyze the accidents on the freeway roadside andpropose appropriate security technologies.
According to the1429accident statistics from2010to2011and137samples of roadsideaccident from Chang-zhang, Li-wen and Tai-jing three freeways in Jiangxi Province from2009to2010,we present the safety protection techniques of the roadside of freewaysystematically, which based on a full analysis of the characteristics of the accidents, aiming atproviding a theoretical reference and technical support for security and facilities design offreeway roadside through the research of the related theories and methods. And the resultswill make a great contribution to the improvement of the overall safety level of freeways ofour nation.
Secondly, we introduce the traditional identification methods of the accident-prone pointand their applicability, advantages and disadvantages. And then, we put up the identificationof the accident-prone start point of Jiangxi Province freeway network as an example,analyzing the application of the number of accidents, accident rates, the matrix method, theequivalent number of accidents, mass control method comparatively; Fuzzy evaluationmethod has been used in a comprehensive evaluation of traffic safety of Li-wen Expressway,Jiangxi Province and the decision tree method has been used in causes analysis of theroadside accident-prone points. The results shows that the AADT is closely related to theaccidents and we raise some corresponding improvement measures pointedly.
This paper elaborate the concept of net area of the roadside safety, analyze the types ofthe obstacles in the net area of the roadside. The study also identify that how to design a planto handle the obstacles of the freeway roadside and breakaway design methods and obstaclesmarked design methods, describe the maintenance measures on the road side obstacles,including routine maintenance of the fence, and accident repairs, by combining the number ofJiangxi Province freeway side obstacle collision with the comparation with the correspondingroad side obstacle collision times.
This paper also analyzes the problems of security and design of the existing freewayroadside, it includes highway construction clearance, the convergence of different stiffness ofthe guardrails, the ditch protection of cutting section, the protection of the cross-bridge pier,freeway opening protection, the design of the middle movable parapet and the design ofguardrail facilities, and accordingly proposes the design content and methods of freewayroadside security, including fence design, drainage structures isolated protection design,seismic ring zone design of the road shoulder. We elaborated applications detailed and Rui-gan Expressway been taken as an example.
According to the characteristics of the roadside accidents of Jiang Xi Province and basedon what characteristics that GIS software has such as flexibility, versatility and scalability,this research proposes freeway speed management strategy for roadside safety, includingoperating speed evaluation methods of coordination and the three evaluation criteria, themaximum speed and minimum speed limits standard of vehicles, speed limits standard inpartial sections and the model of freeway speed limits under bad weather based on thevisibility indicators. With the study we fix the proposal of freeway speed standard under fog,rain and snow, and develop a freeway roadside safety management system of Jiang XiProvince, including basic information module, side of the road accident statistics module,side of the road accident and multiple point of the identification module and so on.
This paper takes improving the mountain freeway roadside safety as the breakthroughpoint, and emphasizes the theory is combined with practice. It recommends a breakthrough inthree fields:1) the mountain freeway roadside accident-prone point identification method isproposed;2) it suggested a series of standard reference values for roadside-safty-relatedspeed limitation of freeway;3) the freeway roadside safety management system is developed.Given the imperfections of this study to improve the theoretical model and the freewayroadside safety management system demonstration project are the main direction and focus ofthe follow-up study.
引文
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