铀矿勘查中的车载伽玛能谱技术研究
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摘要
车载伽玛能谱测量是将伽玛能谱仪安装在汽车上探测陆地介质放射的伽玛射线能量和强度，并计算其中所含放射性核素含量的方法，用来寻找放射性（或放射性伴生）矿产和监测辐射环境。在铀矿勘查中，车载伽玛能谱测量主要是用来测定岩（矿）石或土壤中所含铀、钍、钾的含量，圈定铀异常（矿化）范围和成矿远景区。仪器谱的谱分析是提高核素含量测量精度的关键问题，铀成矿有利信息提取是确定车载伽玛能谱找矿标志和圈定铀异常远景区的关键问题。目前，在铀矿勘查中，车载伽玛能谱数据处理和解释滞后于航空伽玛能谱，谱分析仅停留在“标准三窗”法，基于车载伽玛能谱的放射性统计噪声和大气氡的影响、谱分析及铀成矿有利信息提取研究较少。针对目前车载伽玛能谱测量研究的不足，本文在降噪、大气氡影响修正、谱分析、铀成矿有利信息提取及远景预测方面开展研究。
1.采用离散余弦、小波变换和自适应神经网络模糊系统的方法组合，对车载伽玛能谱测量数据开展了降噪技术研究，提出了离散余弦神经网络模糊降噪和小波神经网络模糊降噪综合方法，研究结果表明采用小波神经网络模糊降噪对全谱数据低能段谱处理的效果较好。经过处理后的全谱低能谱段的特征峰能没有丢失，但是高能谱段的特征峰降噪效果明显差于采用离散余弦神经网络模糊降噪。两者相结合可有效降低统计噪声。
2.提出了直接测氡法修正车载伽玛能谱测量中大气氡的影响。通过大量的实验结果对比分析，发现定点测量时，车载伽玛能谱实测当量铀含量与大气氡浓度呈线性关系，斜率为两者的关系系数，以车载伽马能谱测量系统和测氡仪器组成新系统，通过定点测量和函数拟合确定大气氡影响的修正系数，实现移动测量中修正大气氡的影响，研究结果表明该方法具有较高的科学价值。
3.通过对车载伽玛全谱特征分析，提出了车载伽玛能谱全谱分析和214Pb低能铀窗方法，建立了全谱分析法，低能铀窗法、标准“三窗法”的车载伽玛能谱分析系统，充分挖掘了车载伽玛全谱信息。通过实例分析，表明全谱分析能有效地利用全谱信息，214Pb低能铀窗法好于214Bi-609低能铀窗法，具有较好的应用前景。
4.基于车载伽玛能谱测量在内蒙古二连盆地和巴音戈壁盆地铀矿勘查中的应用研究，对铀矿勘查中的车载伽玛能谱成矿有利信息提取技术与远景预测系统进行开发、完善，建立了两个盆地铀矿找矿标志、模型和综合预测方法，使得车载伽玛能谱信息与地质、物化探、遥感等信息有机结合，弥补了单一方法的不足，提高了铀矿产预测成果的可信度。
本研究在理论、技术和应用方面的突破和创新，提高了车载伽玛能谱数据处理和解释水平，为铀矿勘查提供了技术支持和基础信息数据。
Car-borne gamma-ray spectrometry survey is detecting the gamma-ray spectrumreleased from the shadow land and calculating the radionuclide content which fixedthe car-bore gamma-ray detector on or in car, in order to find radioactive minerals orradioactive associated minerals and monitor environmental radiation.
In uranium exploration, car-borne gamma-ray spectrometry survey is mainlyused to calculate the content of uranium, thorium, potassium among the rock, ore, andsoil, and used to delineate the scope of anomaly or mineralization and metallogenicprospect areas.
It is the key problem to improve the nuclide content measurement accuracy aboutspectrum analysis of instrument’s spectral. The technology of uranium mineralizationfavorable information extraction is very important to determine the car-borne gammaenergy spectrum prospecting marks and delineating uranium anomaly area.
At present, in the field of uranium exploration, data processing and interpretationof car-borne gamma energy spectrum lags behind that of airborne gamma energyspectrum. Spectrum analysis is only stay in the standard three window method. Theresearch is less on radioactive statistical noise，the influence of atmospheric radon，spectrum analysis and uranium mineralization favorable information extraction. Sothis paper carried the study of related technologies.
1. Research on noise reduction technology of car-borne gamma-ray spectrometrysurvey using method or method combination of discrete cosine transform, wavelettransform, adaptive neural network fuzzy system, the nose reduction method arepresented as the discrete cosine neural network fuzzy and wavelet neural networkfuzzy synthesis method. The results show that low energy spectrum processing isbetter using the wavelet neural network fuzzy technology, but high energy spectrumprocessing is better using the discrete cosine neural network fuzzy technology. So,statistical noise can be reduced by the combination of these two.
2. A method of measuring radon concentration to modified influence ofatmospheric radon.By analyzing the results of a large number of experiments,when fixed-point measurement, the equivalent uranium content of car-borne gamma-rayspectrometry survey has a linear relation with atmospheric radon concentration. Theslope is the relation coefficient for them. A new system combined by Car-bornegamma-ray spectrometry survey and radon measurement, atmospheric radoncorrection coefficient is determined by fixed-point measure and function fitting,which used to correct the influence of atmospheric radon. The results show that themethod has high scientific value.
3. Study on the gamma spectral characteristics of Car-borne gamma-rayspectrometry survey, and full spectrum analysis and low-energy uranium windowanalysis method were proposed, so car-borne gamma energy spectrum analysis systemis established including the full spectrum analysis, the low-energy uranium windowmethod and the standard of "three window method". Through case analysis, itshows that the full spectrum analysis can effectively use spectrum information,214Pblow-energy uranium window method is better than214Bi-609low-energy uraniumwindow method, and has a good application prospect.
4. Based on the car-borne gamma-ray spectrometry survey, the car-bornegamma energy spectrum metallogenic information extraction technology and prospectforecast system was developed by the application of uranium exploration in Erlianbasin and Bayingebi basin, Inner Mongolia. The uranium prospecting marks, modelsand comprehensive prediction method were established for the two basins, whichintegrated with the car-borne gamma energy spectrum information, geologicalinformation, geophysical and geochemical information and remote sensinginformation, and made up for the deficiencies of a single method, improve thecredibility of uranium production forecast results.
This study made a breakthrough and innovation in the aspects of theory,technology and application, which improve the level of the car-borne gamma energyspectrum data processing and interpretation, and provide technical support and basicinformation for uranium exploration.
1.采用离散余弦、小波变换和自适应神经网络模糊系统的方法组合，对车载伽玛能谱测量数据开展了降噪技术研究，提出了离散余弦神经网络模糊降噪和小波神经网络模糊降噪综合方法，研究结果表明采用小波神经网络模糊降噪对全谱数据低能段谱处理的效果较好。经过处理后的全谱低能谱段的特征峰能没有丢失，但是高能谱段的特征峰降噪效果明显差于采用离散余弦神经网络模糊降噪。两者相结合可有效降低统计噪声。
2.提出了直接测氡法修正车载伽玛能谱测量中大气氡的影响。通过大量的实验结果对比分析，发现定点测量时，车载伽玛能谱实测当量铀含量与大气氡浓度呈线性关系，斜率为两者的关系系数，以车载伽马能谱测量系统和测氡仪器组成新系统，通过定点测量和函数拟合确定大气氡影响的修正系数，实现移动测量中修正大气氡的影响，研究结果表明该方法具有较高的科学价值。
3.通过对车载伽玛全谱特征分析，提出了车载伽玛能谱全谱分析和214Pb低能铀窗方法，建立了全谱分析法，低能铀窗法、标准“三窗法”的车载伽玛能谱分析系统，充分挖掘了车载伽玛全谱信息。通过实例分析，表明全谱分析能有效地利用全谱信息，214Pb低能铀窗法好于214Bi-609低能铀窗法，具有较好的应用前景。
4.基于车载伽玛能谱测量在内蒙古二连盆地和巴音戈壁盆地铀矿勘查中的应用研究，对铀矿勘查中的车载伽玛能谱成矿有利信息提取技术与远景预测系统进行开发、完善，建立了两个盆地铀矿找矿标志、模型和综合预测方法，使得车载伽玛能谱信息与地质、物化探、遥感等信息有机结合，弥补了单一方法的不足，提高了铀矿产预测成果的可信度。
本研究在理论、技术和应用方面的突破和创新，提高了车载伽玛能谱数据处理和解释水平，为铀矿勘查提供了技术支持和基础信息数据。
Car-borne gamma-ray spectrometry survey is detecting the gamma-ray spectrumreleased from the shadow land and calculating the radionuclide content which fixedthe car-bore gamma-ray detector on or in car, in order to find radioactive minerals orradioactive associated minerals and monitor environmental radiation.
In uranium exploration, car-borne gamma-ray spectrometry survey is mainlyused to calculate the content of uranium, thorium, potassium among the rock, ore, andsoil, and used to delineate the scope of anomaly or mineralization and metallogenicprospect areas.
It is the key problem to improve the nuclide content measurement accuracy aboutspectrum analysis of instrument’s spectral. The technology of uranium mineralizationfavorable information extraction is very important to determine the car-borne gammaenergy spectrum prospecting marks and delineating uranium anomaly area.
At present, in the field of uranium exploration, data processing and interpretationof car-borne gamma energy spectrum lags behind that of airborne gamma energyspectrum. Spectrum analysis is only stay in the standard three window method. Theresearch is less on radioactive statistical noise，the influence of atmospheric radon，spectrum analysis and uranium mineralization favorable information extraction. Sothis paper carried the study of related technologies.
1. Research on noise reduction technology of car-borne gamma-ray spectrometrysurvey using method or method combination of discrete cosine transform, wavelettransform, adaptive neural network fuzzy system, the nose reduction method arepresented as the discrete cosine neural network fuzzy and wavelet neural networkfuzzy synthesis method. The results show that low energy spectrum processing isbetter using the wavelet neural network fuzzy technology, but high energy spectrumprocessing is better using the discrete cosine neural network fuzzy technology. So,statistical noise can be reduced by the combination of these two.
2. A method of measuring radon concentration to modified influence ofatmospheric radon.By analyzing the results of a large number of experiments,when fixed-point measurement, the equivalent uranium content of car-borne gamma-rayspectrometry survey has a linear relation with atmospheric radon concentration. Theslope is the relation coefficient for them. A new system combined by Car-bornegamma-ray spectrometry survey and radon measurement, atmospheric radoncorrection coefficient is determined by fixed-point measure and function fitting,which used to correct the influence of atmospheric radon. The results show that themethod has high scientific value.
3. Study on the gamma spectral characteristics of Car-borne gamma-rayspectrometry survey, and full spectrum analysis and low-energy uranium windowanalysis method were proposed, so car-borne gamma energy spectrum analysis systemis established including the full spectrum analysis, the low-energy uranium windowmethod and the standard of "three window method". Through case analysis, itshows that the full spectrum analysis can effectively use spectrum information,214Pblow-energy uranium window method is better than214Bi-609low-energy uraniumwindow method, and has a good application prospect.
4. Based on the car-borne gamma-ray spectrometry survey, the car-bornegamma energy spectrum metallogenic information extraction technology and prospectforecast system was developed by the application of uranium exploration in Erlianbasin and Bayingebi basin, Inner Mongolia. The uranium prospecting marks, modelsand comprehensive prediction method were established for the two basins, whichintegrated with the car-borne gamma energy spectrum information, geologicalinformation, geophysical and geochemical information and remote sensinginformation, and made up for the deficiencies of a single method, improve thecredibility of uranium production forecast results.
This study made a breakthrough and innovation in the aspects of theory,technology and application, which improve the level of the car-borne gamma energyspectrum data processing and interpretation, and provide technical support and basicinformation for uranium exploration.
引文
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