高性能永磁同步伺服系统关键技术研究
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摘要
永磁同步电机(PMSM)具有控制性能好、体积小、效率高等一系列优点，在机床伺服传动系统中得到了广泛的应用。如何进一步提高其性能，特别是提高高速输出转矩以及低速运行平稳性，满足高性能伺服系统的需要，是一个很有价值的研究领域。本文对永磁伺服系统的研究现状进行了总结，对这一领域的前沿及热点问题进行了探讨，着重在以下几个方面展开了深入的研究。
对永磁同步电机四种常见的定子电流控制策略以及弱磁控制进行了对比分析，总结了电机结构和参数对电机运行性能的影响规律。研究了一种新型复合定子电流控制策略，仿真和实验证明，这种策略能够在保证中低速性能的基础上，提高高速运行时的转矩输出能力。
将一种在运行过程中通过绕组串并联换接扩展运行速度的方法应用于永磁伺服电机。研究了串并联换接的实现途径、电机运行性能对切换点的敏感性、换接过程对电机运行状态的影响。实验证明在使用条件允许的前提下，电枢绕组串并联换接是扩展机床永磁同步伺服电机运行速度范围的有效方法之一。
分析了多个电机结构参数对表面式永磁同步电机气隙磁场的影响规律；在此基础上应用田口正交法、模式搜索法和遗传算法进行了电机优化研究；针对以上算法的不足，提出了两种新型复合优化算法并将其应用于电机结构的优化设计中，进一步改善了电机气隙磁场，提高了电机性能。
将一种新型的Halbach结构应用于永磁同步伺服电机；对普通表面式电机和多种结构形式Halbach电机的气隙磁场波形进行了对比研究；分析了多个电机结构参数对Halbach电机气隙磁场的影响规律；应用多种算法对极间隔断的Halbach型永磁体结构进行了优化研究，进一步提高了电机性能。
Due to good control performance, small volume, high efficiency and a series ofadvantages, Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used inservo drive system of tool machines. How to improve its performance, especially howto improve the output torque in high speed and the stability in low speed to meet theneed of servo system of high performance tool machines deserves further researchwork. The research situation of permanent magnetic servo system was summarizedand the frontiers and hot issues in this field were discussed in this paper, in addition,which focused much on the following aspects:
Comparing and analyzing four kinds of stator current control strategies ofpermanent magnet synchronous motor and the flux weakening operation to deduce anew composite stator current control strategy which can increase the torque duringhigh speed running with performance assurance at low speed;
Proposing a method which can extend the rang of running speed of PMSMthrough winding series-parallel switching. The possible influence of the ways and theprocess of switching on the running status of the motor was studied which proved thearmature winding series-parallel switching is one of the effective ways to extendpermanent magnet synchronous motor speed in tool machines under availablecondition;
Analyzing the effect of structure parameters on air-gap magnetic field of thesurface permanent magnet synchronous motor. On this basis motor optimization wasstudied with Taguchi orthogonal method, pattern search method and genetic algorithm;The results show two kinds of novel complex algorithms applied in optimizationdesign of the motor structure can improve the air-gap magnetic field and theperformance of the motor.
Applying a kind of new Halbach structure in permanent magnet synchronousmotor and comparing the air-gap waveform of ordinary surface permanent magnetsynchronous motor with that of several structural forms Halbach motor. Severaloptimization algorithms was applied to improve the performance of the motor inoptimization of the structure of Halbach magnet with partition between poles.
对永磁同步电机四种常见的定子电流控制策略以及弱磁控制进行了对比分析，总结了电机结构和参数对电机运行性能的影响规律。研究了一种新型复合定子电流控制策略，仿真和实验证明，这种策略能够在保证中低速性能的基础上，提高高速运行时的转矩输出能力。
将一种在运行过程中通过绕组串并联换接扩展运行速度的方法应用于永磁伺服电机。研究了串并联换接的实现途径、电机运行性能对切换点的敏感性、换接过程对电机运行状态的影响。实验证明在使用条件允许的前提下，电枢绕组串并联换接是扩展机床永磁同步伺服电机运行速度范围的有效方法之一。
分析了多个电机结构参数对表面式永磁同步电机气隙磁场的影响规律；在此基础上应用田口正交法、模式搜索法和遗传算法进行了电机优化研究；针对以上算法的不足，提出了两种新型复合优化算法并将其应用于电机结构的优化设计中，进一步改善了电机气隙磁场，提高了电机性能。
将一种新型的Halbach结构应用于永磁同步伺服电机；对普通表面式电机和多种结构形式Halbach电机的气隙磁场波形进行了对比研究；分析了多个电机结构参数对Halbach电机气隙磁场的影响规律；应用多种算法对极间隔断的Halbach型永磁体结构进行了优化研究，进一步提高了电机性能。
Due to good control performance, small volume, high efficiency and a series ofadvantages, Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used inservo drive system of tool machines. How to improve its performance, especially howto improve the output torque in high speed and the stability in low speed to meet theneed of servo system of high performance tool machines deserves further researchwork. The research situation of permanent magnetic servo system was summarizedand the frontiers and hot issues in this field were discussed in this paper, in addition,which focused much on the following aspects:
Comparing and analyzing four kinds of stator current control strategies ofpermanent magnet synchronous motor and the flux weakening operation to deduce anew composite stator current control strategy which can increase the torque duringhigh speed running with performance assurance at low speed;
Proposing a method which can extend the rang of running speed of PMSMthrough winding series-parallel switching. The possible influence of the ways and theprocess of switching on the running status of the motor was studied which proved thearmature winding series-parallel switching is one of the effective ways to extendpermanent magnet synchronous motor speed in tool machines under availablecondition;
Analyzing the effect of structure parameters on air-gap magnetic field of thesurface permanent magnet synchronous motor. On this basis motor optimization wasstudied with Taguchi orthogonal method, pattern search method and genetic algorithm;The results show two kinds of novel complex algorithms applied in optimizationdesign of the motor structure can improve the air-gap magnetic field and theperformance of the motor.
Applying a kind of new Halbach structure in permanent magnet synchronousmotor and comparing the air-gap waveform of ordinary surface permanent magnetsynchronous motor with that of several structural forms Halbach motor. Severaloptimization algorithms was applied to improve the performance of the motor inoptimization of the structure of Halbach magnet with partition between poles.
引文
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