中国地区高等教育投入效率与效果研究
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摘要
高等教育对于一个国家或地区而言具有十分重要的意义，不仅能够为其发展提供高素质的合格人才，而且是创新的源泉，能够为科研基础和创新能力提供保障，而后者又是在以知识为基础的全球经济环境中，决定一国竞争力的重要因素。一个国家或地区的发展与其自身的高等教育水平之间存在着密切的联系。很长时间以来，高等教育对于社会发展、经济发展、以及文化的发展都具有重要的贡献。因此，世界各国均十分重视高等教育的投入与发展。
改革开放后，中国的教育事业进入了高速发展的新阶段，高等教育取得长足进步，逐渐建立起与社会经济发展相适应的多种层次、多种形式的、学科门类基本齐全的高等教育体系，为国家的经济建设与科技进步提供了大量的专业人才，同时，高等教育的规模也得到较大提升。并且，政府与社会各方面对于高等教育的重视程度与日俱增。尤其是近十多年来，中国高等教育更是进入了大规模高速发展的阶段。
在高教育规模不断扩大的同时，研究者与社会公众对于高等教育投入效率的关注也逐渐加大。中国仍是发展中国家，一方面迫切需要大量的高素质创新型人才以及创新能力的提升，另一方面对于高等教育的投入能力还较为有限。因此较为稀缺的高等教育资源投入如何能够被有效率地使用就成为亟待解决的重要问题。同时，高等教育的发展对于经济增长与地区创新能力的实际影响作用也有待于实证的检验。因而，研究中国高等教育投入的效率问题及其对于经济发展与地区创新的作用就具有较为重要的理论意义与现实意义。
本文基于中国高等教育发展的历史与现实，以及对相关理论研究的总结与归纳，使用中国1998年至2008年的省级面板数据，对中国高等教育投入的效率与效果，以及投入与投入效率的区域差异问题，进行了实证分析与评估。
本文的整体结构共分八章。第一章为绪论，对本文的整体研究做概况性的基本介绍。第二章为文献综述，对国内外相关领域的已有文献进行总结与梳理。重点关注高等教育投入效率的研究与测算，高等教育的经济效果，即对经济增长与创新能力的影响作用的研究评估。第三章对高等教育、高等教育投入、高等教育投入效率的基本内涵进行了介绍。并对中国高等教育投入效果从经济增长效果与区域创新效果等方面分别进行了阐述。第四章对本文所采用的评价高等教育投入效率与效果的相关方法进行了归纳与介绍。主要包括数据包络分析、超效率数据包络分析、Malmquist指数、面板数据回归、基于群组的基尼系数分解等方法的基本原理与测算方法。第五章从中国各地区高等教育投入对于经济增长的影响，以及中国各地区高等教育投入对地区创新能力的影响两个维度，运用面板回归方法，分别进行了实证研究与检验。第六章对中国各地区高等教育的投入效率进行了实证测算与评价，并对中国各地区高等教育投入效率随时间的动态变化进行了测算与评估。第七章对中国高等教育投入的地区差异与投入效率的地区差异进行了测算，并对差异按照地区进行了分解研究。第八章对本文所做研究的结论进行了汇总，并从整体上提出了相关的政策建议。
通过本文的相关研究，可以得到对中国高等教育投入效率与效果，以及区域差异的较为完整的认识与评价。从而为了解中国高等教育的发展现状以及高等教育如何更好地融入地区经济社会发展提供理论依据与决策参考。
Higher Education is of great importance for a certain country or region. It could not only provide highly qualified human resources for the country or region, but also could be the source of innovation. Higher Education could provide guarantee for the scientific research foundation and innovative capacity which are the key elements of the competitive strength of a country or region in the global economic environment based on knowledge. There exists a strong relationship between the development of a country or region and its higher education. It has been acknowledged that higher education could contribute to the social development, economic development and the cultural development of a country or region. Thus, many countries put emphasis on the development of its higher education and inputs into higher education.
Since the economic reform and opening, China's higher education has entered a phase of rapid growth. A multi-level higher educational system with complete discipline categories and various forms has already been founded, which provides a large number of skillful human resources for the economic construction and the progress of science and technology of China. In the mean time, the scale of China's higher education has been promoted. Higher education has become a hot topic discussed not only by experts but also by people in all walks of life. Especially in the recent decade, China's higher education enters a new phase of development both in terms of speed and scale.
With the rapid growth of higher education, more and more researchers and people from the public are paying attentions on the efficiency of higher education resources and inputs. China is still a developing country that requires a large number of innovative human resources with high quality and the development of innovative capacity. But the input capacity in higher education is limited at the same time. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize the scarce higher education resource becomes an important problem that has to be resolved as soon as possible. In the meantime, the influence of higher education on the economic growth and innovative capacity of a certain district needs to be studied through empirical analysis. Thus, it is meaningful to analyze the efficiency of higher education resource inputs and the influences of higher education resource inputs on economic growth and innovation, both in terms of theoretical study and empirical study.
Based on the history and facts of China's higher education development and the survey of literature, this paper measures and analyzes the efficiency and effects of higher education resource inputs, and the regional disparities of higher education resource inputs and their efficiency, using the provincial panel data form1999to2008.
There are eight chapters in this paper. The first chapter is the introduction which generally introduces the structure of the paper. The second chapter is the survey of literature including both foreign studies and domestic studies, which put emphasis on the efficiency and effects of higher education resource inputs. The third chapter illustrates the higher education, higher education resource inputs, and the efficiency of higher education resource inputs in detail. The fourth chapter summarizes and introduces the methods and measuring tools used in this paper, including the Data Envelopment Analysis, the Super Data Envelopment Analysis, the Malmquist index, Panel Data Regression Model, Group-based Decomposition of Gini Coefficient, etc. The fifth chapter studies the influence of district higher education input of China on the economic growth and innovative capacity using panel data regression method. The sixth chapter measures and analyzes the efficiency and the dynamic change of district higher education resource inputs in China. The seventh chapter measures and analyzes the regional disparities of higher education resource in China and further decomposes the disparities, and the eighth chapter summarizes the results and conclusions of this paper and gives the related policy implications and suggestions.
A relatively complete study and review of efficiency and effect of China's higher education and the related regional disparities could be obtained based on the study of this paper, which could provide the illustration of the facts of China's higher education development, and provide theoretical support and decision-making reference in dealing with the relationship between of higher education and regional economic development and social development.
改革开放后，中国的教育事业进入了高速发展的新阶段，高等教育取得长足进步，逐渐建立起与社会经济发展相适应的多种层次、多种形式的、学科门类基本齐全的高等教育体系，为国家的经济建设与科技进步提供了大量的专业人才，同时，高等教育的规模也得到较大提升。并且，政府与社会各方面对于高等教育的重视程度与日俱增。尤其是近十多年来，中国高等教育更是进入了大规模高速发展的阶段。
在高教育规模不断扩大的同时，研究者与社会公众对于高等教育投入效率的关注也逐渐加大。中国仍是发展中国家，一方面迫切需要大量的高素质创新型人才以及创新能力的提升，另一方面对于高等教育的投入能力还较为有限。因此较为稀缺的高等教育资源投入如何能够被有效率地使用就成为亟待解决的重要问题。同时，高等教育的发展对于经济增长与地区创新能力的实际影响作用也有待于实证的检验。因而，研究中国高等教育投入的效率问题及其对于经济发展与地区创新的作用就具有较为重要的理论意义与现实意义。
本文基于中国高等教育发展的历史与现实，以及对相关理论研究的总结与归纳，使用中国1998年至2008年的省级面板数据，对中国高等教育投入的效率与效果，以及投入与投入效率的区域差异问题，进行了实证分析与评估。
本文的整体结构共分八章。第一章为绪论，对本文的整体研究做概况性的基本介绍。第二章为文献综述，对国内外相关领域的已有文献进行总结与梳理。重点关注高等教育投入效率的研究与测算，高等教育的经济效果，即对经济增长与创新能力的影响作用的研究评估。第三章对高等教育、高等教育投入、高等教育投入效率的基本内涵进行了介绍。并对中国高等教育投入效果从经济增长效果与区域创新效果等方面分别进行了阐述。第四章对本文所采用的评价高等教育投入效率与效果的相关方法进行了归纳与介绍。主要包括数据包络分析、超效率数据包络分析、Malmquist指数、面板数据回归、基于群组的基尼系数分解等方法的基本原理与测算方法。第五章从中国各地区高等教育投入对于经济增长的影响，以及中国各地区高等教育投入对地区创新能力的影响两个维度，运用面板回归方法，分别进行了实证研究与检验。第六章对中国各地区高等教育的投入效率进行了实证测算与评价，并对中国各地区高等教育投入效率随时间的动态变化进行了测算与评估。第七章对中国高等教育投入的地区差异与投入效率的地区差异进行了测算，并对差异按照地区进行了分解研究。第八章对本文所做研究的结论进行了汇总，并从整体上提出了相关的政策建议。
通过本文的相关研究，可以得到对中国高等教育投入效率与效果，以及区域差异的较为完整的认识与评价。从而为了解中国高等教育的发展现状以及高等教育如何更好地融入地区经济社会发展提供理论依据与决策参考。
Higher Education is of great importance for a certain country or region. It could not only provide highly qualified human resources for the country or region, but also could be the source of innovation. Higher Education could provide guarantee for the scientific research foundation and innovative capacity which are the key elements of the competitive strength of a country or region in the global economic environment based on knowledge. There exists a strong relationship between the development of a country or region and its higher education. It has been acknowledged that higher education could contribute to the social development, economic development and the cultural development of a country or region. Thus, many countries put emphasis on the development of its higher education and inputs into higher education.
Since the economic reform and opening, China's higher education has entered a phase of rapid growth. A multi-level higher educational system with complete discipline categories and various forms has already been founded, which provides a large number of skillful human resources for the economic construction and the progress of science and technology of China. In the mean time, the scale of China's higher education has been promoted. Higher education has become a hot topic discussed not only by experts but also by people in all walks of life. Especially in the recent decade, China's higher education enters a new phase of development both in terms of speed and scale.
With the rapid growth of higher education, more and more researchers and people from the public are paying attentions on the efficiency of higher education resources and inputs. China is still a developing country that requires a large number of innovative human resources with high quality and the development of innovative capacity. But the input capacity in higher education is limited at the same time. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize the scarce higher education resource becomes an important problem that has to be resolved as soon as possible. In the meantime, the influence of higher education on the economic growth and innovative capacity of a certain district needs to be studied through empirical analysis. Thus, it is meaningful to analyze the efficiency of higher education resource inputs and the influences of higher education resource inputs on economic growth and innovation, both in terms of theoretical study and empirical study.
Based on the history and facts of China's higher education development and the survey of literature, this paper measures and analyzes the efficiency and effects of higher education resource inputs, and the regional disparities of higher education resource inputs and their efficiency, using the provincial panel data form1999to2008.
There are eight chapters in this paper. The first chapter is the introduction which generally introduces the structure of the paper. The second chapter is the survey of literature including both foreign studies and domestic studies, which put emphasis on the efficiency and effects of higher education resource inputs. The third chapter illustrates the higher education, higher education resource inputs, and the efficiency of higher education resource inputs in detail. The fourth chapter summarizes and introduces the methods and measuring tools used in this paper, including the Data Envelopment Analysis, the Super Data Envelopment Analysis, the Malmquist index, Panel Data Regression Model, Group-based Decomposition of Gini Coefficient, etc. The fifth chapter studies the influence of district higher education input of China on the economic growth and innovative capacity using panel data regression method. The sixth chapter measures and analyzes the efficiency and the dynamic change of district higher education resource inputs in China. The seventh chapter measures and analyzes the regional disparities of higher education resource in China and further decomposes the disparities, and the eighth chapter summarizes the results and conclusions of this paper and gives the related policy implications and suggestions.
A relatively complete study and review of efficiency and effect of China's higher education and the related regional disparities could be obtained based on the study of this paper, which could provide the illustration of the facts of China's higher education development, and provide theoretical support and decision-making reference in dealing with the relationship between of higher education and regional economic development and social development.
引文
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