低压配电网有源电力滤波器谐波检测与控制策略研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的迅速发展，越来越多具有功率因数低、非线性、非对称性或冲击性等特点的工业、生活用电设备接入低压配电网中，这些负荷使得配电网的动态电能质量日益下降。因此，对配电网的电能质量进行有效控制，进行合理的无功补偿和谐波抑制势在必行。有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter，APF)能够完成谐波污染治理、无功功率补偿、平衡三相电流的综合补偿效果，是目前改善低压配电网电能质量的有效手段。然而APF在国内低压配电网的应用尚未达到成熟阶段，有很多技术问题有待解决。为此，论文对低压配电网并联型APF在谐波检测与控制策略等方面进行了细致深入的研究。
文中探讨了有源电力滤波器、电源及非线性负载之间的能量交换机理及传统的瞬时无功功率检测方法存在的缺陷，提出了一种基于同步旋转坐标变换的自适应变步长线性神经元(adaptive linear neuron，ADALINE)结构的畸变电流检测新方法，并在电网电压平衡及不平衡系统中设计了谐波检测方案。仿真和实验结果表明算法可根据不同需要，实时准确地分离基波正序(负序)电流或基波正序有功电流与其他谐波及不对称分量，形成控制所需的参考电流，且能够适应电网电压及负载的变化。
文中建立了低压配电网常用的三相三线式、三相四线电容中点式、四桥臂并联有源电力滤波器在abc静止坐标系和dq0同步旋转坐标的数学模型，分析了三种APF交直流侧电压、电流及功率传输关系和影响直流侧电容电压的因素，为电压、电流控制器的设计提供了理论基础。通过比较电容中点式与四桥臂APF数学模型在同步旋转坐标系下的异同点，提出了设计通用形式的电流控制器的思路。
有源电力滤波器控制要求补偿电流准确地跟踪给定参考电流信号并维持直流侧电容电压稳定。因此对上述三种拓扑结构的APF设计了电压、电流控制器。根据电流、电压控制器的不同工作特性，在同步旋转坐标系下的电流内环控制器采用逆系统方法构造伪线性系统，提出了最优线性二次型控制与空间矢量脉宽调制相结合的复合控制策略；在电压外环控制器采用了PI控制，并根据各参数对控制性能的影响进行了控制器参数设计。为此，论文搭建了三相三线制并联源电力滤波器实验平台，根据运行状况确定了主电路各器件参数。仿真和实验结果证明了控制方案的可行性及参数选取的合理性。
With the rapid development of national economy, more and more industrial and civilelectric equipment have been placed in the low voltage distribution network with thecharacteristics of low power factor, nonlinear, asymmetry, etc. these load decline thedynamic power quality of distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to do theharmonic reduction and reactive power compensation for the effective power quality.Active power filter (APF) is an effective equipment to improve the quality of the grid byharmonic elimination, reactive power compensation, and current symmetry, Because ofconvenient installation and maintenance, the shunt active power filter is popular in practicalapplication. However, there are many technical problems to be solved for the application ofAPF in low-voltage distribution network. The harmonic detection and control strategy ofthe shunt APF in the grid has to be studied deeply.
The energy exchange principle is discussed between the APF, nonlinear load and thesource, and limitations of the traditional instantaneous reactive power theory are alsomentioned in the paper. So a new adaptive method for harmonic current detection ofnonlinear load is proposed, that is, an adaptive linear neural filter (ADALINE) based onsynchronous rotating coordinate transformation are combined. The harmonic detectionscheme is designed in the power supply voltage balance and unbalance system. It ispossible to separate the positive (negative) current component or fundamental positiveactive current component from asymmetric and harmonic components to generate referencecurrent under different conditions. It is a real-time and accurate method which can adapt to thegrid voltage and load change.
Three phase three leg APF, three phase three leg split-capacitor APF, and three phasefour leg APF are frequently used in distribution network. The mathematical models of maincircuit topology of shunt active power filter are established in abc stationary coordinate anddq0Synchronous rotating coordinate. The AC/DC-side voltage-current relationship andinfluence factors of DC capacitor voltage are analyzed which can provide a theoreticalbasis for voltage and current controller design. Comparison of the mathematical modelsbetween the three leg split-capacitor and the four leg APF is provided, on the basis of it thegeneral current controller design of is achieved.
The compensation current of the APF is controlled to track the given reference signalaccurately and keep the DC side voltage stable. So the voltage and current controllers aredesigned for the three kinds of APF. According to the different characteristics of the currentcontroller and voltage controller, a compound controller is used in the inner-loop currentcontrol in dq0coordinate, which is based on the pseudo linear system constructed byinverse system method, and optimal linear quadratic control and space vector pulse widthmodulation (SVPWM) are used, while a basic PI controller is used in the outer-loopvoltage control. And the parameters are designed by its effect of controller performance.Therefore, a shunt three phase three leg APF prototype is built for experiment, and thedevice parameters of the main circuit are determined by the condition. Simulation andexperimental results prove the rationality of parameter selection and the feasibility of thecontrol scheme.
文中探讨了有源电力滤波器、电源及非线性负载之间的能量交换机理及传统的瞬时无功功率检测方法存在的缺陷，提出了一种基于同步旋转坐标变换的自适应变步长线性神经元(adaptive linear neuron，ADALINE)结构的畸变电流检测新方法，并在电网电压平衡及不平衡系统中设计了谐波检测方案。仿真和实验结果表明算法可根据不同需要，实时准确地分离基波正序(负序)电流或基波正序有功电流与其他谐波及不对称分量，形成控制所需的参考电流，且能够适应电网电压及负载的变化。
文中建立了低压配电网常用的三相三线式、三相四线电容中点式、四桥臂并联有源电力滤波器在abc静止坐标系和dq0同步旋转坐标的数学模型，分析了三种APF交直流侧电压、电流及功率传输关系和影响直流侧电容电压的因素，为电压、电流控制器的设计提供了理论基础。通过比较电容中点式与四桥臂APF数学模型在同步旋转坐标系下的异同点，提出了设计通用形式的电流控制器的思路。
有源电力滤波器控制要求补偿电流准确地跟踪给定参考电流信号并维持直流侧电容电压稳定。因此对上述三种拓扑结构的APF设计了电压、电流控制器。根据电流、电压控制器的不同工作特性，在同步旋转坐标系下的电流内环控制器采用逆系统方法构造伪线性系统，提出了最优线性二次型控制与空间矢量脉宽调制相结合的复合控制策略；在电压外环控制器采用了PI控制，并根据各参数对控制性能的影响进行了控制器参数设计。为此，论文搭建了三相三线制并联源电力滤波器实验平台，根据运行状况确定了主电路各器件参数。仿真和实验结果证明了控制方案的可行性及参数选取的合理性。
With the rapid development of national economy, more and more industrial and civilelectric equipment have been placed in the low voltage distribution network with thecharacteristics of low power factor, nonlinear, asymmetry, etc. these load decline thedynamic power quality of distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to do theharmonic reduction and reactive power compensation for the effective power quality.Active power filter (APF) is an effective equipment to improve the quality of the grid byharmonic elimination, reactive power compensation, and current symmetry, Because ofconvenient installation and maintenance, the shunt active power filter is popular in practicalapplication. However, there are many technical problems to be solved for the application ofAPF in low-voltage distribution network. The harmonic detection and control strategy ofthe shunt APF in the grid has to be studied deeply.
The energy exchange principle is discussed between the APF, nonlinear load and thesource, and limitations of the traditional instantaneous reactive power theory are alsomentioned in the paper. So a new adaptive method for harmonic current detection ofnonlinear load is proposed, that is, an adaptive linear neural filter (ADALINE) based onsynchronous rotating coordinate transformation are combined. The harmonic detectionscheme is designed in the power supply voltage balance and unbalance system. It ispossible to separate the positive (negative) current component or fundamental positiveactive current component from asymmetric and harmonic components to generate referencecurrent under different conditions. It is a real-time and accurate method which can adapt to thegrid voltage and load change.
Three phase three leg APF, three phase three leg split-capacitor APF, and three phasefour leg APF are frequently used in distribution network. The mathematical models of maincircuit topology of shunt active power filter are established in abc stationary coordinate anddq0Synchronous rotating coordinate. The AC/DC-side voltage-current relationship andinfluence factors of DC capacitor voltage are analyzed which can provide a theoreticalbasis for voltage and current controller design. Comparison of the mathematical modelsbetween the three leg split-capacitor and the four leg APF is provided, on the basis of it thegeneral current controller design of is achieved.
The compensation current of the APF is controlled to track the given reference signalaccurately and keep the DC side voltage stable. So the voltage and current controllers aredesigned for the three kinds of APF. According to the different characteristics of the currentcontroller and voltage controller, a compound controller is used in the inner-loop currentcontrol in dq0coordinate, which is based on the pseudo linear system constructed byinverse system method, and optimal linear quadratic control and space vector pulse widthmodulation (SVPWM) are used, while a basic PI controller is used in the outer-loopvoltage control. And the parameters are designed by its effect of controller performance.Therefore, a shunt three phase three leg APF prototype is built for experiment, and thedevice parameters of the main circuit are determined by the condition. Simulation andexperimental results prove the rationality of parameter selection and the feasibility of thecontrol scheme.
引文
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