面向智能断路器的多协议通信技术研究
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摘要
由于各公司所采用通信协议的多样性，协议标准不统一，造成不同公司的智能断路器联网、通信困难。本文针对多协议联网通信的困难问题，开展多协议通信技术研究，建立多协议转换体系结构和通信模型，开发多协议转换器，构建多协议转换软硬件应用和测试平台，更好地解决多协议之间的通信问题。论文围绕多协议通信技术开展了如下研究：
1、分析了智能断路器及其网络化的发展概况及趋势，指出了智能断路器网络化所面临的技术关键问题；研究和分析了常用的Profibus-DP协议、Modbus协议、多功能电能表通信协议、CAN总线协议及以太网协议（以下简称各协议）的结构、它们与OSI参考模型的关系、通信数据帧格式，总结了各协议的特点，在对各协议分析和研究基础上，构建了智能断路器各协议的网络结构，设计了各协议的通信接口硬件电路及软件。
2、本文从硬件和软件两个方面分析和研究了多协议转换的可行性，并对OPC技术转换、网桥转换、路由器转换及网关（协议转换器）转换等多协议转换类型进行了分析和研究，考虑到各协议之间的物理层、数据链路层、网络层、应用层均有差异，各协议网络属于异构网络，需要采用网关实现多协议转换，并提出了多协议转换的总体方案。
3、多协议转换可以采用非透明通信和透明通信方式实现，非透明通信多协议转换由多协议转换器负责对协议数据帧进行处理，提取出用户数据，再利用目的主机协议对用户数据进行处理，转换为目的主机协议的数据帧，用户数据是连接多种协议的纽带；本文在对多协议转换技术分析的基础上，提出了非透明通信多协议用户数据处理模型；为了解决同一个多协议转换器所连接不同协议设备的标识问题，提出了采用Profibus-DP地址加协议类型码标识设备的方法；为了解决非透明通信多协议转换的问题，建立了基于动态存储器缓冲区的非透明通信多协议转换模型。
4、在不解析用户协议数据帧的情况下，通信协议对用户协议数据帧直接进行封装和拆封，使用户协议数据帧透明通过该协议网络，这就是透明通信，电力线载波通信可以采用透明通信形式；本文在研究电力线载波透明通信基础上，建立了智能断路器电力线载波通信的网络体系结构，分析和设计了通信数据帧结构，设计了电力线载波通信接口硬件电路和软件；为了解决多协议之间的透明通信问题，分析了多协议之间透明通信形式及通信原理，提出了协议之间的透明通信模型，设计了Profbus-DP发送和接收报文数据区结构，建立了透明通信多协议转换模型。
5、本文面向智能断路器多协议通信构建了多协议转换软硬件应用和测试平台，设计和制作了多协议转换器的硬件电路，开发了非透明通信和透明通信多协议转换器软件，编制了相关的GSD文件，并对Profibus-DP主站模拟软件、Profibus-DP主站配置软件、CAN总线协议分析仪软件、TCP&UDP测试工具、GSD文件编辑软件等进行了分析和研究；利用该软硬件平台，对Profibus-DP主站和Modbus协议智能断路器、多功能电能表通信协议智能断路器、CAN总线协议分析软件、以太网TCP&UDP测试工具之间的非透明通信和透明通信多协议转换进行了实验，通过分析得到的结果，证明了多协议转换模型的正确性。
Because of the company's communication protocols being various, and protocol standardsbeing not unified and opaque, these cause networking communication difficulties of theintelligent circuit breaker from different companies. Aimming on the difficult problems ofmulti-protocol network communication, the thesis carries out the research of multi-protocolcommunication technology, the multi-protocol conversion architecture and communicationmodel are established, then the multi-protocol converter is developed, at the same time, themulti-protocol conversion hardware and software application and test platform are built. Finally,the communication problem between the protocols is better solved. The paper discussesmulti-protocol communication technology and carries out the following research:
1. This paper analyzes the development status and trend of the intelligent circuit breaker andits networking. The key technical problems of the intelligent circuit breaker networking arepointed out. The thesis studies and analyzes the structure of the commonly used protocols, suchas Profibus-DP, Modbus, multi-function electric energy meter protocol, CAN bus, and theEthernet. The relationship between the each of the protocols and the OSI reference model isanalyzed. The communication data frame formats of the protocols are studied. Thecharacteristics of the protocols are summarized. Based on analysis and research of the protocols,the paper designs the communication network structures for the each of the protocols, anddevelops the communication interface hardware circuits and softwares for the each of theprotocols.
2. This thesis analyzes and studies the feasibility of multi-protocol conversion from twoaspects of hardware and software. The paper analyzes and studies the multi-protocol conversiontypes, such as OPC conversion, bridge conversion, router conversion and gateway (protocolconverter) conversion, et al. Considering the difference between the physical layer, data linklayer, network layer, application layer of the protocols, and the networks of the protocols beingheterogeneous network, these requires using the gateway to achieving multi-protocol conversion,and the overall scheme of multi-protocol conversion is presented.
3. Multi-protocol conversion can be realized through the ways of nontransparentcommunicaiton and transparent communication. In the way of nontransparent communicationmulti-protocol conversion, the multi-protocol conversion is responsible for processing theprotocol data frames, and the user data is extracted, and the user data is processed by thedestination host protocol, finally, the user data is converted to the data frame of the destination host protocol. The user data is a link among the protocols. Based on technical analysis ofmulti-protocol conversion, the nontransparent communication multi-protocol user dataprocessing model is proposed. In order to solve the identification problem of the differentprotocols equipment connected to the same protocol converter, this paper presents a deviceidentification method that using Profibus-DP address plus the protocol type code. In order tosolve the problem of nontransparent communication multi-protocol conversion, thenontransparent communication multi-protocol conversion model based on dynamic memorybuffer is established.
4. In the case of no parsing user protocol frames, the user protocol data frames are directlyencapsulated and decapsulated by the protocol. The user protocol data frames transparently passthe protocol network, and this is the transparent communication. Power line carriercommunication can use the transparent communication. Through studying the power line carriercommunication technology, the power line carrier communication network architecture of theintelligent circuit breaker is built, the communication data frame structure is analysed anddesigned, and the hardware and software of power line carrier communication interface aredesigned. In order to solve the transparent communication problem between the protocols, thetransparent communication form and communication principle between the protocols areanalyzed, the transparent communication model between the protocols is presented, the datarange structures of Profibus-DP sending and receiving messages are designed, and thetransparent communication multi-protocol conversion model is established.
5. This paper built multi-protocol conversion hardware and software application and testplatform for multi-protocol communication of intelligent circuit breaker. The multi-protocolconverter hardware circuit is designed and made, the software of nontransparent communicationand transparent communication are developed. The relevant GSD files are edited. The PCsoftware for the multi-protocol platform are analysed and studied, such as Profibus-DP masterconfiguration software, CAN bus protocol analysis software, TCP&UDP test tool, GSD fileediting software,et al. Using the hardware and software platform, nontransparent communicationand transparent communication multi-protocol conversion experiments and simulation arecarried out, between Profibus-DP master and Modbus protocol intelligent circuit breaker,multi-function meter electric energy meter protocol intelligent circuit breaker, CAN bus protocolanalysis software, Ethernet TCP&UDP test tool. Through the analysis of the obtained results,the correctness of the multi-protocol conversion model is proved.
1、分析了智能断路器及其网络化的发展概况及趋势，指出了智能断路器网络化所面临的技术关键问题；研究和分析了常用的Profibus-DP协议、Modbus协议、多功能电能表通信协议、CAN总线协议及以太网协议（以下简称各协议）的结构、它们与OSI参考模型的关系、通信数据帧格式，总结了各协议的特点，在对各协议分析和研究基础上，构建了智能断路器各协议的网络结构，设计了各协议的通信接口硬件电路及软件。
2、本文从硬件和软件两个方面分析和研究了多协议转换的可行性，并对OPC技术转换、网桥转换、路由器转换及网关（协议转换器）转换等多协议转换类型进行了分析和研究，考虑到各协议之间的物理层、数据链路层、网络层、应用层均有差异，各协议网络属于异构网络，需要采用网关实现多协议转换，并提出了多协议转换的总体方案。
3、多协议转换可以采用非透明通信和透明通信方式实现，非透明通信多协议转换由多协议转换器负责对协议数据帧进行处理，提取出用户数据，再利用目的主机协议对用户数据进行处理，转换为目的主机协议的数据帧，用户数据是连接多种协议的纽带；本文在对多协议转换技术分析的基础上，提出了非透明通信多协议用户数据处理模型；为了解决同一个多协议转换器所连接不同协议设备的标识问题，提出了采用Profibus-DP地址加协议类型码标识设备的方法；为了解决非透明通信多协议转换的问题，建立了基于动态存储器缓冲区的非透明通信多协议转换模型。
4、在不解析用户协议数据帧的情况下，通信协议对用户协议数据帧直接进行封装和拆封，使用户协议数据帧透明通过该协议网络，这就是透明通信，电力线载波通信可以采用透明通信形式；本文在研究电力线载波透明通信基础上，建立了智能断路器电力线载波通信的网络体系结构，分析和设计了通信数据帧结构，设计了电力线载波通信接口硬件电路和软件；为了解决多协议之间的透明通信问题，分析了多协议之间透明通信形式及通信原理，提出了协议之间的透明通信模型，设计了Profbus-DP发送和接收报文数据区结构，建立了透明通信多协议转换模型。
5、本文面向智能断路器多协议通信构建了多协议转换软硬件应用和测试平台，设计和制作了多协议转换器的硬件电路，开发了非透明通信和透明通信多协议转换器软件，编制了相关的GSD文件，并对Profibus-DP主站模拟软件、Profibus-DP主站配置软件、CAN总线协议分析仪软件、TCP&UDP测试工具、GSD文件编辑软件等进行了分析和研究；利用该软硬件平台，对Profibus-DP主站和Modbus协议智能断路器、多功能电能表通信协议智能断路器、CAN总线协议分析软件、以太网TCP&UDP测试工具之间的非透明通信和透明通信多协议转换进行了实验，通过分析得到的结果，证明了多协议转换模型的正确性。
Because of the company's communication protocols being various, and protocol standardsbeing not unified and opaque, these cause networking communication difficulties of theintelligent circuit breaker from different companies. Aimming on the difficult problems ofmulti-protocol network communication, the thesis carries out the research of multi-protocolcommunication technology, the multi-protocol conversion architecture and communicationmodel are established, then the multi-protocol converter is developed, at the same time, themulti-protocol conversion hardware and software application and test platform are built. Finally,the communication problem between the protocols is better solved. The paper discussesmulti-protocol communication technology and carries out the following research:
1. This paper analyzes the development status and trend of the intelligent circuit breaker andits networking. The key technical problems of the intelligent circuit breaker networking arepointed out. The thesis studies and analyzes the structure of the commonly used protocols, suchas Profibus-DP, Modbus, multi-function electric energy meter protocol, CAN bus, and theEthernet. The relationship between the each of the protocols and the OSI reference model isanalyzed. The communication data frame formats of the protocols are studied. Thecharacteristics of the protocols are summarized. Based on analysis and research of the protocols,the paper designs the communication network structures for the each of the protocols, anddevelops the communication interface hardware circuits and softwares for the each of theprotocols.
2. This thesis analyzes and studies the feasibility of multi-protocol conversion from twoaspects of hardware and software. The paper analyzes and studies the multi-protocol conversiontypes, such as OPC conversion, bridge conversion, router conversion and gateway (protocolconverter) conversion, et al. Considering the difference between the physical layer, data linklayer, network layer, application layer of the protocols, and the networks of the protocols beingheterogeneous network, these requires using the gateway to achieving multi-protocol conversion,and the overall scheme of multi-protocol conversion is presented.
3. Multi-protocol conversion can be realized through the ways of nontransparentcommunicaiton and transparent communication. In the way of nontransparent communicationmulti-protocol conversion, the multi-protocol conversion is responsible for processing theprotocol data frames, and the user data is extracted, and the user data is processed by thedestination host protocol, finally, the user data is converted to the data frame of the destination host protocol. The user data is a link among the protocols. Based on technical analysis ofmulti-protocol conversion, the nontransparent communication multi-protocol user dataprocessing model is proposed. In order to solve the identification problem of the differentprotocols equipment connected to the same protocol converter, this paper presents a deviceidentification method that using Profibus-DP address plus the protocol type code. In order tosolve the problem of nontransparent communication multi-protocol conversion, thenontransparent communication multi-protocol conversion model based on dynamic memorybuffer is established.
4. In the case of no parsing user protocol frames, the user protocol data frames are directlyencapsulated and decapsulated by the protocol. The user protocol data frames transparently passthe protocol network, and this is the transparent communication. Power line carriercommunication can use the transparent communication. Through studying the power line carriercommunication technology, the power line carrier communication network architecture of theintelligent circuit breaker is built, the communication data frame structure is analysed anddesigned, and the hardware and software of power line carrier communication interface aredesigned. In order to solve the transparent communication problem between the protocols, thetransparent communication form and communication principle between the protocols areanalyzed, the transparent communication model between the protocols is presented, the datarange structures of Profibus-DP sending and receiving messages are designed, and thetransparent communication multi-protocol conversion model is established.
5. This paper built multi-protocol conversion hardware and software application and testplatform for multi-protocol communication of intelligent circuit breaker. The multi-protocolconverter hardware circuit is designed and made, the software of nontransparent communicationand transparent communication are developed. The relevant GSD files are edited. The PCsoftware for the multi-protocol platform are analysed and studied, such as Profibus-DP masterconfiguration software, CAN bus protocol analysis software, TCP&UDP test tool, GSD fileediting software,et al. Using the hardware and software platform, nontransparent communicationand transparent communication multi-protocol conversion experiments and simulation arecarried out, between Profibus-DP master and Modbus protocol intelligent circuit breaker,multi-function meter electric energy meter protocol intelligent circuit breaker, CAN bus protocolanalysis software, Ethernet TCP&UDP test tool. Through the analysis of the obtained results,the correctness of the multi-protocol conversion model is proved.
引文
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