基于功率流分析与重构的直流变换器拓扑衍生理论和方法
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摘要
以航天器电源为代表的可再生能源独立供电系统一般配有蓄能电池，形成了具有输入、输出和中间双向三类端口的系统结构。随着我国航天载人事业的迅速发展，采用多个两端口变换器实现此类三端口功率系统功率管理控制的传统解决方案将难以适应未来供电系统的要求，必须研究采用新的理论、方法和技术有效提高功率变换能效。本文研究新型集成直流三端口变换器(Three-Port Converter，TPC)，旨在揭示TPC拓扑族的本质规律和内在联系，形成一般性拓扑衍生理论和方法，以推动TPC系统设计和应用发展，并为复杂功率接口变换器拓扑的研究提供理论和方法参考，为高能效、高功率密度可再生能源供电系统提供解决方案。
提出了基于功率流分析与重构的直流变换器拓扑衍生的整体思想和方法。在工作原理分析的基础上，归纳总结并提取典型TPC拓扑所共有的端口特性及端口间功率流特性，给出了TPC拓扑内在机理描述，明确了TPC拓扑的构成要素即端口、功率传输路径和功率控制变量；揭示了TPC与传统两端口变换器的内在联系，建立了两端口变换器拓扑向三端口变换器拓扑转化的桥梁；将变换器拓扑构造过程分解为端口、功率传输路径及其控制变量的重构过程，形成了研究TPC等复杂变换器拓扑本质规律和内在联系、进而获得其拓扑衍生的一般原则。
提出了TPC拓扑合理有效的物理构造和优化方法。(1)组合-优化构造法。首先由两端口变换器组合构造出基本三端口拓扑，然后以器件复用和功率传输路径集成为拓扑优化准则，去除冗余部件，实现高功率密度TPC。以非隔离TPC拓扑族为例，分别给出了两端口变换器经由双输入变换器、双输出变换器和双向变换器生成TPC的原理、方法和过程。(2)控制变量重构法。发掘并利用现有两端口变换器中潜在的第三端口及功率路径，补充构造TPC功率控制所需要的控制变量、满足功率控制要求，得到TPC拓扑。以半桥式TPC拓扑族为例，给出了拓扑构造方法和过程。(3)功率路径重构法。发掘并利用现有两端口变换器中潜在的功率控制变量，补充构造第三端口及相应的功率传输路径，构造出TPC拓扑。以全桥式TPC拓扑为例给出了拓扑衍生方法，并将该方法延伸推广于含多个双向端口的多端口变换器拓扑族的生成。(4)直接构造法。发掘并利用现有两端口变换器中潜在的端口、功率传输路径和功率控制变量，将其直接升级为TPC拓扑。以Z源变换器为例分析，并给出了Z源TPC拓扑实例。
应用所提出的拓扑构造原理和方法，推导并得到了一系列具有高集成度且任意两个端口之间均为单级功率变换的TPC拓扑族和多端口变换器拓扑族，包括非隔离TPC拓扑族、半桥式TPC拓扑族、全桥式多端口变换器拓扑族以及双有源桥多端口双向变换器拓扑族等。提出了兼顾实现输入最大功率点跟踪、输出稳定及蓄电池充放电控制等要求的多目标优化功率控制和能量管理策略，以及脉宽调制等关键技术的解决方案。
将功率流分析与重构的新方法拓展应用于复杂两端口变换器的拓扑描述和系统化衍生研究。以功率流概念诠释正激变换器的工作机理，提出了二极管磁复位正激直流变换器拓扑族的正单元、负单元和复合单元三种基本开关单元及其构造思想，以及二极管磁复位正激直流变换器拓扑族的衍生规则和优化方法，得到了一系列新型正激变换器拓扑，验证了方法的适用性。
对所提出的典型变换器进行了深入的理论分析和全面的实验验证。详细论述了其基本原理、工作模态、调制方法、软开关特性和设计要点的分析，给出了原理样机在各种工作模式下的稳态和动态实验结果，验证了理论和方法的正确性以及有效性。
Three-port power systems, which consist of an input, an output and a bidirectional port interface,are widely found in stand-alone renewable power systems with storage batteries such as power systemin a satellite or space station. The conventional solutions, emploing multiple two-port converterts toimplement power management of those three-port power systems, can not satisfy the requirement ofefficiency and power density. The conversion efficiency and performance can be significantlyenhanced by introduction of novel integrated Three-Port Converter (TPC) technology. A systematicresearch on the DC-DC converters’ topology derivationtheory and methodology for TPCs is presentedin this thesis, in order to investigate and reveal the inherent laws and inner connections of thetopology families, leading to guiding principles for TPC system design and application, and providingtheoretic and methodology reference for topology research on power conversion system with complexinterfaces.
The basic idea and method oftopology derivation for DC-DC converters, via the analysis andrebuilding of power flows, are proposed. Based upon the operational analysis of the typical TPCtopologies, the characteristics of the power flows are extracted andthe mechanism of the topologiesare discovered, functioning with the basic elements of interface ports, power transmission routes andcontrol. The inherent relationship between the TPC and conventional two-port converters are revealed,providing bridge between them. The generation of TPC topologies is degraded into the rebuilding ofthe ports, the transmission routes and the control for the power flows. General principles areestablished for the topology family derivation of complicated converter, such as a TPC, via inherentcharacteristics analysis.
Circuit construction and optimization methods for TPC topologiesare proposed.(1) Combineconventional two port power converters to build a preliminary TPC topology. And then merge thepower branches with devices shared as much as possible to get an integrated and optimized TPCtopology. Non-isolated TPCs are introduced to indicatethe generation of TPC topologies viadual-input converters, dual-output converters and bidirectional converters, respectively.(2) Build TPCtopologies from a two-port converter by locating the third port and accompanying power flow routeparasitized, addingan additional control device to satisfy the power management requirements.Half-bridge TPC examples illustrate the principle and process of the method.(3)Build TPC topologiesfrom a two-port converterwith employing the parasitized power control variables found, and along with constructing the power transmission routes required. Families of Full-bridge three-port andmulti-port converters are built in this way as examples.(4) Upgrade a special two-port converter to aTPC directly via discovering and utilizing the three ports and associate power flows hidden. SomeZ-Source TPCs exhibit good examples.
Plenty of new topologies are harvested with the proposed methods validated, includingthe family ofnon-isolated TPC topologies, the family of half-bridge TPC topologies, the family of full-bridge TPCtopologies, the family of full-bridge multi-port converter topologies and the familyofdual-active-bridge multi-port topologies. And all of the topologiesare highly integrated withsingle-stage power conversion between any two of the ports, leading to higher power efficiency andpower density. A multi-objective optimized power control and energy management strategyisproposed for the TPC applications, with the realization of the maximum power point tracking for thesource, output control and battery charging management at the same time. The solutions to keytechniques, such as pulse width modulation, are also given.
The concept of power flow analysis and rebuilding for TPCs are extended to the topologydescription and generation of complicated two port converters. The operational principle is given newexplanation for the forward converters. And three basic forward cells, named as positive cell, negativecell and composite cell, are categorized for the family of diode-magnetizing-reset forward converters(DMR-FC). The rules for topology derivation and optimization are also analyzed and given. A familyof DMR-FC topologies is created, with the adaptability of the new method well indicated.
Further theoretical analysis and fully experimental verification have been conducted for the typicalconverters proposed. The operation principles, working modes, modulations, soft-switchingcharacteristics and design considerations have been analyzed in-depth. The experimental results forstatic, dynamic and seamless-switching properties under different modes are given in detail, validatingthe theory and method.
提出了基于功率流分析与重构的直流变换器拓扑衍生的整体思想和方法。在工作原理分析的基础上，归纳总结并提取典型TPC拓扑所共有的端口特性及端口间功率流特性，给出了TPC拓扑内在机理描述，明确了TPC拓扑的构成要素即端口、功率传输路径和功率控制变量；揭示了TPC与传统两端口变换器的内在联系，建立了两端口变换器拓扑向三端口变换器拓扑转化的桥梁；将变换器拓扑构造过程分解为端口、功率传输路径及其控制变量的重构过程，形成了研究TPC等复杂变换器拓扑本质规律和内在联系、进而获得其拓扑衍生的一般原则。
提出了TPC拓扑合理有效的物理构造和优化方法。(1)组合-优化构造法。首先由两端口变换器组合构造出基本三端口拓扑，然后以器件复用和功率传输路径集成为拓扑优化准则，去除冗余部件，实现高功率密度TPC。以非隔离TPC拓扑族为例，分别给出了两端口变换器经由双输入变换器、双输出变换器和双向变换器生成TPC的原理、方法和过程。(2)控制变量重构法。发掘并利用现有两端口变换器中潜在的第三端口及功率路径，补充构造TPC功率控制所需要的控制变量、满足功率控制要求，得到TPC拓扑。以半桥式TPC拓扑族为例，给出了拓扑构造方法和过程。(3)功率路径重构法。发掘并利用现有两端口变换器中潜在的功率控制变量，补充构造第三端口及相应的功率传输路径，构造出TPC拓扑。以全桥式TPC拓扑为例给出了拓扑衍生方法，并将该方法延伸推广于含多个双向端口的多端口变换器拓扑族的生成。(4)直接构造法。发掘并利用现有两端口变换器中潜在的端口、功率传输路径和功率控制变量，将其直接升级为TPC拓扑。以Z源变换器为例分析，并给出了Z源TPC拓扑实例。
应用所提出的拓扑构造原理和方法，推导并得到了一系列具有高集成度且任意两个端口之间均为单级功率变换的TPC拓扑族和多端口变换器拓扑族，包括非隔离TPC拓扑族、半桥式TPC拓扑族、全桥式多端口变换器拓扑族以及双有源桥多端口双向变换器拓扑族等。提出了兼顾实现输入最大功率点跟踪、输出稳定及蓄电池充放电控制等要求的多目标优化功率控制和能量管理策略，以及脉宽调制等关键技术的解决方案。
将功率流分析与重构的新方法拓展应用于复杂两端口变换器的拓扑描述和系统化衍生研究。以功率流概念诠释正激变换器的工作机理，提出了二极管磁复位正激直流变换器拓扑族的正单元、负单元和复合单元三种基本开关单元及其构造思想，以及二极管磁复位正激直流变换器拓扑族的衍生规则和优化方法，得到了一系列新型正激变换器拓扑，验证了方法的适用性。
对所提出的典型变换器进行了深入的理论分析和全面的实验验证。详细论述了其基本原理、工作模态、调制方法、软开关特性和设计要点的分析，给出了原理样机在各种工作模式下的稳态和动态实验结果，验证了理论和方法的正确性以及有效性。
Three-port power systems, which consist of an input, an output and a bidirectional port interface,are widely found in stand-alone renewable power systems with storage batteries such as power systemin a satellite or space station. The conventional solutions, emploing multiple two-port converterts toimplement power management of those three-port power systems, can not satisfy the requirement ofefficiency and power density. The conversion efficiency and performance can be significantlyenhanced by introduction of novel integrated Three-Port Converter (TPC) technology. A systematicresearch on the DC-DC converters’ topology derivationtheory and methodology for TPCs is presentedin this thesis, in order to investigate and reveal the inherent laws and inner connections of thetopology families, leading to guiding principles for TPC system design and application, and providingtheoretic and methodology reference for topology research on power conversion system with complexinterfaces.
The basic idea and method oftopology derivation for DC-DC converters, via the analysis andrebuilding of power flows, are proposed. Based upon the operational analysis of the typical TPCtopologies, the characteristics of the power flows are extracted andthe mechanism of the topologiesare discovered, functioning with the basic elements of interface ports, power transmission routes andcontrol. The inherent relationship between the TPC and conventional two-port converters are revealed,providing bridge between them. The generation of TPC topologies is degraded into the rebuilding ofthe ports, the transmission routes and the control for the power flows. General principles areestablished for the topology family derivation of complicated converter, such as a TPC, via inherentcharacteristics analysis.
Circuit construction and optimization methods for TPC topologiesare proposed.(1) Combineconventional two port power converters to build a preliminary TPC topology. And then merge thepower branches with devices shared as much as possible to get an integrated and optimized TPCtopology. Non-isolated TPCs are introduced to indicatethe generation of TPC topologies viadual-input converters, dual-output converters and bidirectional converters, respectively.(2) Build TPCtopologies from a two-port converter by locating the third port and accompanying power flow routeparasitized, addingan additional control device to satisfy the power management requirements.Half-bridge TPC examples illustrate the principle and process of the method.(3)Build TPC topologiesfrom a two-port converterwith employing the parasitized power control variables found, and along with constructing the power transmission routes required. Families of Full-bridge three-port andmulti-port converters are built in this way as examples.(4) Upgrade a special two-port converter to aTPC directly via discovering and utilizing the three ports and associate power flows hidden. SomeZ-Source TPCs exhibit good examples.
Plenty of new topologies are harvested with the proposed methods validated, includingthe family ofnon-isolated TPC topologies, the family of half-bridge TPC topologies, the family of full-bridge TPCtopologies, the family of full-bridge multi-port converter topologies and the familyofdual-active-bridge multi-port topologies. And all of the topologiesare highly integrated withsingle-stage power conversion between any two of the ports, leading to higher power efficiency andpower density. A multi-objective optimized power control and energy management strategyisproposed for the TPC applications, with the realization of the maximum power point tracking for thesource, output control and battery charging management at the same time. The solutions to keytechniques, such as pulse width modulation, are also given.
The concept of power flow analysis and rebuilding for TPCs are extended to the topologydescription and generation of complicated two port converters. The operational principle is given newexplanation for the forward converters. And three basic forward cells, named as positive cell, negativecell and composite cell, are categorized for the family of diode-magnetizing-reset forward converters(DMR-FC). The rules for topology derivation and optimization are also analyzed and given. A familyof DMR-FC topologies is created, with the adaptability of the new method well indicated.
Further theoretical analysis and fully experimental verification have been conducted for the typicalconverters proposed. The operation principles, working modes, modulations, soft-switchingcharacteristics and design considerations have been analyzed in-depth. The experimental results forstatic, dynamic and seamless-switching properties under different modes are given in detail, validatingthe theory and method.
引文
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