平板闸门垂向流激振动特性与数值计算研究
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摘要
闸门是用于关闭和开放泄水通道的控制设施，是水工建筑物的重要组成部分。当平板闸门上下游存在水位差且开度较小时，在一定的折算流速范围内闸门会发生自激振动，闸门自激振动是一种极其复杂的流体与结构相互作用现象，属于典型的流固耦合作用。长期在振动中运行容易引起闸门的疲劳损伤，而且在某种条件下这种流激振动会相当强烈以至于产生闸门共振和失稳。
本文从数学模型和数值模拟两个方面研究了平面闸门垂向自激振动和机理，并对闸门垂向自激振动稳定性进行了研究，提出了垂向闸门自激振动稳定性指标。
首先从涡激振动出发，考虑漩涡主要激励作用下闸门的垂向自激振动，通过改进尾流振子数学模型研究了涡致闸门垂向自激振动，改进的尾流振子数学模型的优点是经验参数少，预测精度高，并且通过在模型中引入附加质量项，同时把附加阻尼项分为流体粘性阻尼和负阻尼项，使得模型能很好的反映闸门自激振动的稳态响应，这样就大大的增强了数学模型的精度，改进的尾流方程能很好的反应涡致闸门自激振动中闸门在共振区的流激响应特性，计算值和实验值吻合较好，所反应的闸门共振区的特性和实验结果也一致。
其次按照平面闸门垂向振动机理把平面闸门垂向自激振动分为两类：流量系数及流体惯性引发振动和驰振引发振动，分别对两垂向振动稳定性进行研究，重点考察了Scruton数对闸门振动稳定性的影响，最后分别对两种自激振动提出了关于Scruton数的稳定性指标。
最后用数值计算方法研究了闸门垂向自激振动，计算采用有限体积方法，在流体计算中引入了大涡模拟湍流模型，在结构计算中引入了基于Newmark HHT方法的隐式动力分析模型。在网格划分处理上采用了基于网格重叠技术的Immersed Solid FSI技术。计算了不同开度和折算流速下闸门的垂向自激振动相应，计算结果和实验结果吻合。通过数值模拟结果进一步分析了闸门垂向自激振动机理，指出闸门增加闸门刚度和密度是减小闸门自激振动可能性的有效方法。
The gate which control shutting and opening of the draining is an importantcomponent of hydraulic structure. The gate may experiences self-excited vibrationwithin some reduced velocity when the gate opening is very small and there is a waterhead between upper and lower. Self-excited vibration is a very complicatedfluid-structure interaction. The gate may be damaged because of fatigue if the gateundergoes vibration in a long time. The gate may even undergo resonance anddestabilization in some conditions.
The paper researches self-excited vertical vibration of the plane gate and itsmechanism, also researches stability of vertical gates and gives stability index.
First of all, the paper researches vortex-induced vibration of plane gate usingmodified wake oscillator model. The merit of modified wake oscillator model is thatthere are less experiential parameters by putting add mass item into the model anddecomposing add damping into viscous fluid damping and negative damping.Because of the merit the modified wake oscillator model can describe thevortex-induced vibration of plane gates in resonant regions and increase the precision.The calculated results agree the experiment results well.
Next the paper divides self-excited vertical vibration of plane gates into twotypes: galloping and vibration due to discharge fluctuation and inertia and researchesthe stability of the two mechanisms respectively. The paper puts importance onto theScruton number influence to the vibration stability and gives stability index finally.
Finally, the paper researches self-excited vertical vibration of plane gates bynumerical simulation method using finite volume method for dispersing and usingLES as turbulent flow model and draw Newmark HHT method into structure modelcalculation. The grid is divided by Immersed Solid FSI method which is based ontogrids overlapping technology. The conditions of different opening and reducedvelocity are calculated. The calculated results agree well with experimental results.Then Self-excited vibration mechanism of gate is analyzed deeply by calculatedresults. The results introduce that increasing rigidity and density is a good method toreduce possibility of self-excited vibration of plane gates.
本文从数学模型和数值模拟两个方面研究了平面闸门垂向自激振动和机理，并对闸门垂向自激振动稳定性进行了研究，提出了垂向闸门自激振动稳定性指标。
首先从涡激振动出发，考虑漩涡主要激励作用下闸门的垂向自激振动，通过改进尾流振子数学模型研究了涡致闸门垂向自激振动，改进的尾流振子数学模型的优点是经验参数少，预测精度高，并且通过在模型中引入附加质量项，同时把附加阻尼项分为流体粘性阻尼和负阻尼项，使得模型能很好的反映闸门自激振动的稳态响应，这样就大大的增强了数学模型的精度，改进的尾流方程能很好的反应涡致闸门自激振动中闸门在共振区的流激响应特性，计算值和实验值吻合较好，所反应的闸门共振区的特性和实验结果也一致。
其次按照平面闸门垂向振动机理把平面闸门垂向自激振动分为两类：流量系数及流体惯性引发振动和驰振引发振动，分别对两垂向振动稳定性进行研究，重点考察了Scruton数对闸门振动稳定性的影响，最后分别对两种自激振动提出了关于Scruton数的稳定性指标。
最后用数值计算方法研究了闸门垂向自激振动，计算采用有限体积方法，在流体计算中引入了大涡模拟湍流模型，在结构计算中引入了基于Newmark HHT方法的隐式动力分析模型。在网格划分处理上采用了基于网格重叠技术的Immersed Solid FSI技术。计算了不同开度和折算流速下闸门的垂向自激振动相应，计算结果和实验结果吻合。通过数值模拟结果进一步分析了闸门垂向自激振动机理，指出闸门增加闸门刚度和密度是减小闸门自激振动可能性的有效方法。
The gate which control shutting and opening of the draining is an importantcomponent of hydraulic structure. The gate may experiences self-excited vibrationwithin some reduced velocity when the gate opening is very small and there is a waterhead between upper and lower. Self-excited vibration is a very complicatedfluid-structure interaction. The gate may be damaged because of fatigue if the gateundergoes vibration in a long time. The gate may even undergo resonance anddestabilization in some conditions.
The paper researches self-excited vertical vibration of the plane gate and itsmechanism, also researches stability of vertical gates and gives stability index.
First of all, the paper researches vortex-induced vibration of plane gate usingmodified wake oscillator model. The merit of modified wake oscillator model is thatthere are less experiential parameters by putting add mass item into the model anddecomposing add damping into viscous fluid damping and negative damping.Because of the merit the modified wake oscillator model can describe thevortex-induced vibration of plane gates in resonant regions and increase the precision.The calculated results agree the experiment results well.
Next the paper divides self-excited vertical vibration of plane gates into twotypes: galloping and vibration due to discharge fluctuation and inertia and researchesthe stability of the two mechanisms respectively. The paper puts importance onto theScruton number influence to the vibration stability and gives stability index finally.
Finally, the paper researches self-excited vertical vibration of plane gates bynumerical simulation method using finite volume method for dispersing and usingLES as turbulent flow model and draw Newmark HHT method into structure modelcalculation. The grid is divided by Immersed Solid FSI method which is based ontogrids overlapping technology. The conditions of different opening and reducedvelocity are calculated. The calculated results agree well with experimental results.Then Self-excited vibration mechanism of gate is analyzed deeply by calculatedresults. The results introduce that increasing rigidity and density is a good method toreduce possibility of self-excited vibration of plane gates.
引文
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