大跨径钢桁架桥健康监测方法及技术研究
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摘要
大跨径桥梁的安全运营对国家经济发展起重要作用,如何保障大跨径桥梁运营安全已成为当前乃至今后一段时期内桥梁界研究的重点方向。在桥梁结构关键部位装设传感器,让桥梁成为智能桥梁是保障桥梁结构安全最为直接、最为便捷的主动保障方式之一。国内外许多大跨径桥梁都安装了结构健康监测系统,但由于桥梁结构和测试环境限制,导致桥梁结构健康监测系统研究目前还处于理论研究和试验研究阶段,尤其是传感器优化布置、海量监测数据的分析方法、基于监测数据的结构损伤识别方法(结构安全评估方法)尚未成熟,研究处于基础性探索阶段,距离工程应用目标尚有较大差距。
本文在对部分国内外桥梁结构健康监测系统进行调研和总结的基础上,重点对结构健康监测系统的传感器优化布置方法、结构损伤识别等关键方法和技术及桥梁群结构健康监测平台实现进行研究；采用数值计算和模型试验相对比的手段对传感器优化布置方法、参数识别、损伤识别方法进行验证,最后建立了基于Web-GIS架构的桥梁群结构健康监测平台,探索并实现了桥梁群集约化结构健康监测新模式,具体研究内容有：
(1)建立基于试验模型的结构健康监测系统相关关键技术的试验平台。根据薄壁结构相似理论设计大型钢桁架桥的畸变相似模型,通过模型试验和数值模拟验证了相似模型静动力特性的正确性。
(2)研究基于有效独立算法的传感器布置优化方法,根据优化目标结构的三维特性对算法进行了扩展,编制了相关传感器优化布置的程序,提供结构健康监测系统动力测试传感器布置方案。
(3)对结构损伤常用的动力参数、结构响应信号分析等算法进行了较系统的理论阐述,并采用数值模拟对多类结构损伤识别方法进行了比较研究。
(4)采用多种基于模态参数的损伤识别方法,通过九江长江大桥数值及模型试验对结构有无损伤、构件损伤位置、桥梁在运营过程中出现重载车辆对结构特性的影响等问题进行了研究；采用小波包信号分析方法,对结构单根杆件的质量、刚度变化进行实时信号分析,并通过有限元计算及模型试验进行了小波包监测在线分析方法的对比验证；同时考察了人工噪声对损伤识别效果的影响,及其测试数据不完备因素的影响。
(5)基于Web-GIS架构设计桥梁群健康监测系统平台,并将平台应用于江西省省级区域桥梁群健康监测。建立九江长江大桥健康监测系统,集成硬件系统,通过软件实现健康监测系统的数据采集、传输、处理、实时监测和结构评估功能,并将其集成到桥梁群健康监测系统软件平台。
(6)对桥梁监测系统所监测的风速、结构应变、挠度及加速度等多类结构荷载及响应数据进行了分析处理,并实现对结构状态的评估和实时安全预警；选择了某些健康监测系统的监测数据,采用现场测试手段对监测数据的正确性和系统的可靠性进行验证。
The national economic development can be influenced by the safety of long-span bridges, so how to protect the operational safety of long-span bridges that will become the key topics of bridge community in the next period of time. Through installing different kinds of senors in bridge structure, the bridge can become a intelligent bridge, that is one of the most direct and convenient way of protecting the operational safety. At home and aboard, many long-span bridges have been installed structure health monitoring systems. Due to complexity of bridge structure and testing environment, structure health monitoring of bridge is still in theoretical research and experimental stage. Specially, it is not mature that sensor optimization, analysis of mass monitoring data, structure damage detection and structural safety assessment, so the current technology have a more distant from the engineering objectives.
In this paper, many bridge structure health monitoring systems are investigated and researched. Some key technologies and methods of the structure health monitoring system are systematically studied, as:sensor optimization methods, structure damage identification and structural health monitoring of bridges group integration platform. It is studied that sensor optimization, parameter identification and damage identification method by numerical calculation and model test. Structure health monitoring system platform of bridges group based on Web-GIS system are established; the new management model of monitoring systems are realized by establishing structural health monitoring of bridges group integration platform;; this study is as follows:
(1) The experimental verification platform that is used to verify key issues of the structure health monitoring system is established by making the test model. The test model of the long-span steel truss bridge is designed by similarity theory of thin-walled structure. Structure characteristic is verified by numerical calculation and model test.
(2) Sensor optimization methods based on the effective independence algorithm is studied; and algorithm are improved according to structure dynamic characters. Relevant programs are prepared, and dynamics test sensor layout program of the monitoring system can be got.
(3) These damage identification theories that include structure dynamic parameters analysis and structure response analysis are systematically explained in this paper. Many damage identification algorithms are comparatively studied.
(4) It is studied that whether the structure has been damage, damage location and the influence of vehicles to bridge structural properties by numerical calculation and model test; and many damage identification methods based on modal parameter are studied. Structure properties that caused by changes of mass and stiffness are analyzed by wavelet packet signal analysis method; and wavelet packet on-line monitoring analysis methods are realized by numerical calculation and model test. Damage identification influencing factors that included noise, incomplete data and others are considered.
(5) Structure health monitoring system platform of bridges group based on Web-GIS system are established in Jinagxi province as Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge structural health monitoring system building. Functions of monitoring system software include data collection, data transmission, processing, real-time monitoring and structure condition assessment; and Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge structural health monitoring system is integrated into bridges group monitoring software platform.
(6) Data that include wind velocity, strain, deflection, acceleration signal and structure response data are analyzed by monitoring system; monitoring system can assess structural statement and be real-time warning. Some monitoring data of structural health monitoring system are verified by field testing; and both data correctness and system reliability are verified.
本文在对部分国内外桥梁结构健康监测系统进行调研和总结的基础上,重点对结构健康监测系统的传感器优化布置方法、结构损伤识别等关键方法和技术及桥梁群结构健康监测平台实现进行研究；采用数值计算和模型试验相对比的手段对传感器优化布置方法、参数识别、损伤识别方法进行验证,最后建立了基于Web-GIS架构的桥梁群结构健康监测平台,探索并实现了桥梁群集约化结构健康监测新模式,具体研究内容有：
(1)建立基于试验模型的结构健康监测系统相关关键技术的试验平台。根据薄壁结构相似理论设计大型钢桁架桥的畸变相似模型,通过模型试验和数值模拟验证了相似模型静动力特性的正确性。
(2)研究基于有效独立算法的传感器布置优化方法,根据优化目标结构的三维特性对算法进行了扩展,编制了相关传感器优化布置的程序,提供结构健康监测系统动力测试传感器布置方案。
(3)对结构损伤常用的动力参数、结构响应信号分析等算法进行了较系统的理论阐述,并采用数值模拟对多类结构损伤识别方法进行了比较研究。
(4)采用多种基于模态参数的损伤识别方法,通过九江长江大桥数值及模型试验对结构有无损伤、构件损伤位置、桥梁在运营过程中出现重载车辆对结构特性的影响等问题进行了研究；采用小波包信号分析方法,对结构单根杆件的质量、刚度变化进行实时信号分析,并通过有限元计算及模型试验进行了小波包监测在线分析方法的对比验证；同时考察了人工噪声对损伤识别效果的影响,及其测试数据不完备因素的影响。
(5)基于Web-GIS架构设计桥梁群健康监测系统平台,并将平台应用于江西省省级区域桥梁群健康监测。建立九江长江大桥健康监测系统,集成硬件系统,通过软件实现健康监测系统的数据采集、传输、处理、实时监测和结构评估功能,并将其集成到桥梁群健康监测系统软件平台。
(6)对桥梁监测系统所监测的风速、结构应变、挠度及加速度等多类结构荷载及响应数据进行了分析处理,并实现对结构状态的评估和实时安全预警；选择了某些健康监测系统的监测数据,采用现场测试手段对监测数据的正确性和系统的可靠性进行验证。
The national economic development can be influenced by the safety of long-span bridges, so how to protect the operational safety of long-span bridges that will become the key topics of bridge community in the next period of time. Through installing different kinds of senors in bridge structure, the bridge can become a intelligent bridge, that is one of the most direct and convenient way of protecting the operational safety. At home and aboard, many long-span bridges have been installed structure health monitoring systems. Due to complexity of bridge structure and testing environment, structure health monitoring of bridge is still in theoretical research and experimental stage. Specially, it is not mature that sensor optimization, analysis of mass monitoring data, structure damage detection and structural safety assessment, so the current technology have a more distant from the engineering objectives.
In this paper, many bridge structure health monitoring systems are investigated and researched. Some key technologies and methods of the structure health monitoring system are systematically studied, as:sensor optimization methods, structure damage identification and structural health monitoring of bridges group integration platform. It is studied that sensor optimization, parameter identification and damage identification method by numerical calculation and model test. Structure health monitoring system platform of bridges group based on Web-GIS system are established; the new management model of monitoring systems are realized by establishing structural health monitoring of bridges group integration platform;; this study is as follows:
(1) The experimental verification platform that is used to verify key issues of the structure health monitoring system is established by making the test model. The test model of the long-span steel truss bridge is designed by similarity theory of thin-walled structure. Structure characteristic is verified by numerical calculation and model test.
(2) Sensor optimization methods based on the effective independence algorithm is studied; and algorithm are improved according to structure dynamic characters. Relevant programs are prepared, and dynamics test sensor layout program of the monitoring system can be got.
(3) These damage identification theories that include structure dynamic parameters analysis and structure response analysis are systematically explained in this paper. Many damage identification algorithms are comparatively studied.
(4) It is studied that whether the structure has been damage, damage location and the influence of vehicles to bridge structural properties by numerical calculation and model test; and many damage identification methods based on modal parameter are studied. Structure properties that caused by changes of mass and stiffness are analyzed by wavelet packet signal analysis method; and wavelet packet on-line monitoring analysis methods are realized by numerical calculation and model test. Damage identification influencing factors that included noise, incomplete data and others are considered.
(5) Structure health monitoring system platform of bridges group based on Web-GIS system are established in Jinagxi province as Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge structural health monitoring system building. Functions of monitoring system software include data collection, data transmission, processing, real-time monitoring and structure condition assessment; and Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge structural health monitoring system is integrated into bridges group monitoring software platform.
(6) Data that include wind velocity, strain, deflection, acceleration signal and structure response data are analyzed by monitoring system; monitoring system can assess structural statement and be real-time warning. Some monitoring data of structural health monitoring system are verified by field testing; and both data correctness and system reliability are verified.
引文
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