低频VI型弯张小尺寸声源研究
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摘要
当前的水声装备呈现出越来越明显的向低频发展的趋势，水声装备对于低频声源的需求也正变得越来越迫切。低频声源在平台使用时往往对声源的体积和重量有比较苛刻的要求，所以能工作于低频的小尺寸的声源技术是当前换能器领域研究的热点之一，本文一方面研究了一种新型的小尺寸的Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元的设计与制造，并成功研制出了相应的换能器单元样品；另一方面将小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元应用于组合式MPS声源系统的设计，研究了构造更低工作频率声源的方法。
在小尺寸的换能器单元的研究方面，本文对当前主要的低频发射换能器技术展开了深入调查和研究，选择了Ⅵ型弯张换能器作为本文的研究对象。在换能器单元设计方面充分借鉴了当前较热门的Cymbal型Ⅴ型弯张换能器的设计思路，并对Ⅵ型弯张换能器的结构进行了大胆的改进。研究建立了基于非等厚弯张壳体的参数化模型，小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器壳体的结构形式基本都能通过参数调节来实现，这为该类型换能器的设计和结构优化创造了便利条件。在换能器驱动源的设计方面采用压电陶瓷拼镶圆环取代纯压电陶瓷圆环，有效地解决了以往元件对Ⅵ型弯张换能器在尺寸和制造工艺方面的限制，使得换能器不仅在性能方面有明显的提高、而且更加便于低频声源的设计和制造。对小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器的制造工艺进行了研究，并设计研制了若干个小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元样品，换能器单元直径100mm、厚度35mm、重量不到1kg，对其性能进行了测试，单元工作频率3.5kHz，发送电压响应级125dB左右，工作电压900V时声源级181dB以上。对换能器单元进行了水压试验，换能器单元能够经受10MPa以上的高静水压而不受损伤，表现出卓越的深水适应性。研究过程表明本文是对小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器设计和制造的一次较为成功的探索研究。
在组合式低频声源的研究方面，参考加拿大超电公司组合式MPS声源的设计思路，将所研制的4个小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元近距离组合使用，利用换能器单元之间的互作用，形成一个新的低频声源系统，这个声源系统的工作频率明显低于单元的工作频率，当换能器单元间间距为0.8mm时，该组合式声源的工作频率降低至2kHz以下，远低于单元的工作频率，研究的4单元组合式声源系统在1700Hz加565V电压时声源级181dB以上。
本文的研究表明，组合式声源技术是利用小尺寸发射换能器单元构建小尺寸低频声源的灵活而有效的手段，本文所研制的小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元本身体积小巧、低频声学性能和深水工作性能优良，并能够用于组合式MPS声源的设计，以制造更低工作频率的低频发射声源。
The frequencies of the underwater Acoustic equipments are becoming lower and lower.And the demand of underwater acoustic equipments for low frequency sound source is alsobecoming more and more urgent. When the low frequency sound sources were used on theplatforms, the requirements for the volume and weight of sound sources were usually verystrict. So the design technologies for the small size transmission transducers which could beused under very low frequency were one of the hotspots in current transducer research field.The design and manufacture of a novel class Ⅵ small-sized flextensional transducer wasstudied in this paper, and several corresponding minisize class Ⅵ flextensional transducerswere successfully produced. On the other hand, the minisize class Ⅵ flextensionaltransducers were used for the design of MPS (Modular projector System). By these methodswe constructed a new sound source which could be operated under more low frequency.
During the research and development of small-sized low frequency transducer, athorough investigation was carried out in the field of the technologies for the low frequencytransmission transducers. Then the class Ⅵ flextensional transducer became the researchobject of this paper. Within the design of this novel transducer, we make full use of thoseadvanced design ideas which were successfully used in the current popular Cymbalflextensional transducer. The structure of the conventional class Ⅵ flextensional transducerwas improved. A novel parametrical model for class Ⅵ flextensional shells with non-equalthickness was established during the study, and almost any kinds of class Ⅵ flextensionalshells can be achieved by adjusting the parameters of the model. The invention of theparametrical model brought great convenience for the design and optimization of this type oftransducer. In the aspect of the designing of the driving source of the transducer, we used PZTring with Inactive Segments substituted for pure PZT ring, which effectively overcame thelimitations of the size of PZT elements used in the class Ⅵ flextensional transducer. Withthis development, not only the performance of the transducer was significantly improved, butalso the design and manufacturing of the transducer become more convenient. Themanufacture technology of this novel minisize class Ⅵ transducer is studied, and several transducer unit samples were produced. Each transducer unit is100mm in diameter, less than35mm in thickness, no more than1kg in weight. The test of acoustic performance wasconducted, the working frequency of the transducer unit was about3.5kHz, and the TVL wasaround124dB. When the transmitting voltage was900V, the source level of the transducerunit would exceed181dB. The hydraulic test for transducer unit has been carried out, TheTransducer unit successfully survived under10MPa hydraulic test without any damage, whichexhibited its excellent deep-water adaptability. All these work shows that the research ondesign and manufacture of this novel minisize class Ⅵ flextensional transducer was ofsuccessfully.
In the research of MPS low frequency projector, we refer to the ‘Modular ProjectorSystem' invention from Canada Ultra Electronics Company.4minisize class Ⅵflextensional transducer units were selected out to form the MPS. They were arranged withvery narrow gap, and by the interaction affections between the transducers, the4transducerschanged into one new sound source. Thus the work frequency of this new transducer wasobviously lower than that of the each unit’s. When the gap between each two transducers was0.8mm, the working frequency of the MPS transducer with4elements is reduced to below2kHz, much lower than the working frequency of the transducer unit. When the4units MPStransducer was applied with565V voltage at1700Hz, the source level would exceeded181dB.
Studies involved in this paper showed that, the Modular Projector System technology isan effective and flexible method for constructing small size low frequency sound source. Thenovel minisize class Ⅵ transducer designed and produced in this paper has many advantages,such as small in volume, light in weight, beautiful low frequency acoustic properties andexcellent pressure resistant properties. prominently, it is suitable for being used for theconstruction of the Modular Projector System. By this means, powerful acoustic source withlower operating frequency might easily be achieved.
在小尺寸的换能器单元的研究方面，本文对当前主要的低频发射换能器技术展开了深入调查和研究，选择了Ⅵ型弯张换能器作为本文的研究对象。在换能器单元设计方面充分借鉴了当前较热门的Cymbal型Ⅴ型弯张换能器的设计思路，并对Ⅵ型弯张换能器的结构进行了大胆的改进。研究建立了基于非等厚弯张壳体的参数化模型，小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器壳体的结构形式基本都能通过参数调节来实现，这为该类型换能器的设计和结构优化创造了便利条件。在换能器驱动源的设计方面采用压电陶瓷拼镶圆环取代纯压电陶瓷圆环，有效地解决了以往元件对Ⅵ型弯张换能器在尺寸和制造工艺方面的限制，使得换能器不仅在性能方面有明显的提高、而且更加便于低频声源的设计和制造。对小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器的制造工艺进行了研究，并设计研制了若干个小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元样品，换能器单元直径100mm、厚度35mm、重量不到1kg，对其性能进行了测试，单元工作频率3.5kHz，发送电压响应级125dB左右，工作电压900V时声源级181dB以上。对换能器单元进行了水压试验，换能器单元能够经受10MPa以上的高静水压而不受损伤，表现出卓越的深水适应性。研究过程表明本文是对小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器设计和制造的一次较为成功的探索研究。
在组合式低频声源的研究方面，参考加拿大超电公司组合式MPS声源的设计思路，将所研制的4个小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元近距离组合使用，利用换能器单元之间的互作用，形成一个新的低频声源系统，这个声源系统的工作频率明显低于单元的工作频率，当换能器单元间间距为0.8mm时，该组合式声源的工作频率降低至2kHz以下，远低于单元的工作频率，研究的4单元组合式声源系统在1700Hz加565V电压时声源级181dB以上。
本文的研究表明，组合式声源技术是利用小尺寸发射换能器单元构建小尺寸低频声源的灵活而有效的手段，本文所研制的小型Ⅵ型弯张换能器单元本身体积小巧、低频声学性能和深水工作性能优良，并能够用于组合式MPS声源的设计，以制造更低工作频率的低频发射声源。
The frequencies of the underwater Acoustic equipments are becoming lower and lower.And the demand of underwater acoustic equipments for low frequency sound source is alsobecoming more and more urgent. When the low frequency sound sources were used on theplatforms, the requirements for the volume and weight of sound sources were usually verystrict. So the design technologies for the small size transmission transducers which could beused under very low frequency were one of the hotspots in current transducer research field.The design and manufacture of a novel class Ⅵ small-sized flextensional transducer wasstudied in this paper, and several corresponding minisize class Ⅵ flextensional transducerswere successfully produced. On the other hand, the minisize class Ⅵ flextensionaltransducers were used for the design of MPS (Modular projector System). By these methodswe constructed a new sound source which could be operated under more low frequency.
During the research and development of small-sized low frequency transducer, athorough investigation was carried out in the field of the technologies for the low frequencytransmission transducers. Then the class Ⅵ flextensional transducer became the researchobject of this paper. Within the design of this novel transducer, we make full use of thoseadvanced design ideas which were successfully used in the current popular Cymbalflextensional transducer. The structure of the conventional class Ⅵ flextensional transducerwas improved. A novel parametrical model for class Ⅵ flextensional shells with non-equalthickness was established during the study, and almost any kinds of class Ⅵ flextensionalshells can be achieved by adjusting the parameters of the model. The invention of theparametrical model brought great convenience for the design and optimization of this type oftransducer. In the aspect of the designing of the driving source of the transducer, we used PZTring with Inactive Segments substituted for pure PZT ring, which effectively overcame thelimitations of the size of PZT elements used in the class Ⅵ flextensional transducer. Withthis development, not only the performance of the transducer was significantly improved, butalso the design and manufacturing of the transducer become more convenient. Themanufacture technology of this novel minisize class Ⅵ transducer is studied, and several transducer unit samples were produced. Each transducer unit is100mm in diameter, less than35mm in thickness, no more than1kg in weight. The test of acoustic performance wasconducted, the working frequency of the transducer unit was about3.5kHz, and the TVL wasaround124dB. When the transmitting voltage was900V, the source level of the transducerunit would exceed181dB. The hydraulic test for transducer unit has been carried out, TheTransducer unit successfully survived under10MPa hydraulic test without any damage, whichexhibited its excellent deep-water adaptability. All these work shows that the research ondesign and manufacture of this novel minisize class Ⅵ flextensional transducer was ofsuccessfully.
In the research of MPS low frequency projector, we refer to the ‘Modular ProjectorSystem' invention from Canada Ultra Electronics Company.4minisize class Ⅵflextensional transducer units were selected out to form the MPS. They were arranged withvery narrow gap, and by the interaction affections between the transducers, the4transducerschanged into one new sound source. Thus the work frequency of this new transducer wasobviously lower than that of the each unit’s. When the gap between each two transducers was0.8mm, the working frequency of the MPS transducer with4elements is reduced to below2kHz, much lower than the working frequency of the transducer unit. When the4units MPStransducer was applied with565V voltage at1700Hz, the source level would exceeded181dB.
Studies involved in this paper showed that, the Modular Projector System technology isan effective and flexible method for constructing small size low frequency sound source. Thenovel minisize class Ⅵ transducer designed and produced in this paper has many advantages,such as small in volume, light in weight, beautiful low frequency acoustic properties andexcellent pressure resistant properties. prominently, it is suitable for being used for theconstruction of the Modular Projector System. By this means, powerful acoustic source withlower operating frequency might easily be achieved.
引文
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