成像光谱仪光学系统设计与像质评价研究
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摘要
光谱成像技术是从光学遥感中逐渐发展出来的一种新的探测技术，可以同时获取地物目标的空间信息和光谱信息，是遥感领域的重大突破。自从上世纪80年代由美国喷气推进实验室（JPL）提出至今，其重要的实用价值引起了广泛的关注。在农林业分类管理、自然灾害监测、水资源调查、矿产资源勘测、环境监测等方面都发挥着重大作用。本文对光谱成像系统展开研究，针对轻小型搭载平台的应用需求，对应用较多的多光谱和高光谱遥感，详细分析了几种小型化、轻量化的多光谱和高光谱的成像技术方案，完成了相应光学系统的设计工作。同时，为了实现对设计后系统像质进行全面准确的评价，建立了遥感成像能量传输和空间信息调制链路模型，并以此模型为基础，对阵列式滤光片型成像光谱仪完成了系统的仿真及像质评价分析工作。本文主要的研究内容包括：
1.介绍了光谱成像技术的概念、产生过程，对目前光谱成像技术和像质评价、仿真方法的国内外发展现状进行研究总结；
2.分析了两种高稳定度、轻量化的多光谱成像技术的光谱获取原理，完成了阵列式滤光片型以及基于光场成像原理型的多光谱成像光学系统的设计工作；
3.详细分析了基于Offner中继成像系统的凸面光栅和曲面棱镜形式光谱仪的成像原理和特点，并提出了相应的改进形式结果。根据给出指标完成了几种系统的设计工作，对比分析了系统的谱线弯曲和色畸变；
4.介绍了评价成像质量的三种方法，对整个成像过程的两条主要的链路进行了具体的建模分析，讨论了系统能量的获取转化以及各种噪声的来源，量化了空间信息传递过程中各种环节的调制作用，为系统像质的评价提供了理论基础；
5.以一种滤光片阵列型机载光谱成像系统的设计为例，详细分析了其基于系统参数的像质评价，与实际飞行试验数据进行了对比。通过成像仿真给出直观的性能结果，计算了各谱段图像的统计特性指标，同时对比了其图像解译度等级差异。
Spectral imaging technology is a new detection technology gradually developingfrom optical remote sensing. It is a major breakthrough in the field of remote sensingand can simultaneously capture both spatial and spectral information from the objectof interest. Since its birth dated back to the1980’s by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL), the important practical value of imaging spectroscopy has received wideattention. It plays a significant role in agriculture and forestry Category management,natural disaster Surveillance, water resources and mineral resources survey,environmental monitoring and etc. This thesis focuses on the research of spectralimaging systems. According to the application requirements for light platforms,several small, lightweight multispectral and hyperspectral imaging technologyprogram is presented for remote sensing and the design works of the correspondingoptical systems are done. At the same time, in order to achieve comprehensive andaccurate predictive assessment of image quality, remote sensing imaging energytransmission and spatial information modulation link are modeled. Based on themathematical model, the filter-array imaging spectrometer system simulation andevaluation of image quality are made. In this thesis, the main research contentsinclude:
1. Introducing the concept of the imaging spectrometer and generating process.Summarizing the development status of spectral imaging technology, image qualityassessment and simulation methods at home and abroad.
2. Analyzing the spectrum acquisition principle of two kinds of high stability,lightweight multi-spectral imaging technology and their pros and cons. Completingthe design of the optical system of multispectrometer based on filter array and lightfield.
3. Detailed analyzing the imaging principles and characteristics of the form ofconvex grating and curved surface prism spectrometer system based on the Offnerrelay imaging system and propose the corresponding results of modified form.According to the given indicators, completing the design of optical system.Comparatively analyzing the smile and keystone of the system.
4. Introducing three methods of evaluation of the image quality. Two main linkof the entire imaging process ware specifically modeling analyzed. Discussing theacquisition and transformation of the energy as well as various sources of noise of thesystem. Quantifying the modulation effect of various links in the spatial informationtransfer process and laid a theoretical foundation for assessment of image quality.
5. Analyzing the process in detail of image quality evaluation based on systemparameters by taking a filter-array airborne imaging spectrometer for example.Through imaging simulation, gives intuitive performance results. Calculatedmathematically the indicators of the statistical properties of the spectral images andcomparing the difference of the image interpretation rating scale among the spectralimages.
1.介绍了光谱成像技术的概念、产生过程，对目前光谱成像技术和像质评价、仿真方法的国内外发展现状进行研究总结；
2.分析了两种高稳定度、轻量化的多光谱成像技术的光谱获取原理，完成了阵列式滤光片型以及基于光场成像原理型的多光谱成像光学系统的设计工作；
3.详细分析了基于Offner中继成像系统的凸面光栅和曲面棱镜形式光谱仪的成像原理和特点，并提出了相应的改进形式结果。根据给出指标完成了几种系统的设计工作，对比分析了系统的谱线弯曲和色畸变；
4.介绍了评价成像质量的三种方法，对整个成像过程的两条主要的链路进行了具体的建模分析，讨论了系统能量的获取转化以及各种噪声的来源，量化了空间信息传递过程中各种环节的调制作用，为系统像质的评价提供了理论基础；
5.以一种滤光片阵列型机载光谱成像系统的设计为例，详细分析了其基于系统参数的像质评价，与实际飞行试验数据进行了对比。通过成像仿真给出直观的性能结果，计算了各谱段图像的统计特性指标，同时对比了其图像解译度等级差异。
Spectral imaging technology is a new detection technology gradually developingfrom optical remote sensing. It is a major breakthrough in the field of remote sensingand can simultaneously capture both spatial and spectral information from the objectof interest. Since its birth dated back to the1980’s by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL), the important practical value of imaging spectroscopy has received wideattention. It plays a significant role in agriculture and forestry Category management,natural disaster Surveillance, water resources and mineral resources survey,environmental monitoring and etc. This thesis focuses on the research of spectralimaging systems. According to the application requirements for light platforms,several small, lightweight multispectral and hyperspectral imaging technologyprogram is presented for remote sensing and the design works of the correspondingoptical systems are done. At the same time, in order to achieve comprehensive andaccurate predictive assessment of image quality, remote sensing imaging energytransmission and spatial information modulation link are modeled. Based on themathematical model, the filter-array imaging spectrometer system simulation andevaluation of image quality are made. In this thesis, the main research contentsinclude:
1. Introducing the concept of the imaging spectrometer and generating process.Summarizing the development status of spectral imaging technology, image qualityassessment and simulation methods at home and abroad.
2. Analyzing the spectrum acquisition principle of two kinds of high stability,lightweight multi-spectral imaging technology and their pros and cons. Completingthe design of the optical system of multispectrometer based on filter array and lightfield.
3. Detailed analyzing the imaging principles and characteristics of the form ofconvex grating and curved surface prism spectrometer system based on the Offnerrelay imaging system and propose the corresponding results of modified form.According to the given indicators, completing the design of optical system.Comparatively analyzing the smile and keystone of the system.
4. Introducing three methods of evaluation of the image quality. Two main linkof the entire imaging process ware specifically modeling analyzed. Discussing theacquisition and transformation of the energy as well as various sources of noise of thesystem. Quantifying the modulation effect of various links in the spatial informationtransfer process and laid a theoretical foundation for assessment of image quality.
5. Analyzing the process in detail of image quality evaluation based on systemparameters by taking a filter-array airborne imaging spectrometer for example.Through imaging simulation, gives intuitive performance results. Calculatedmathematically the indicators of the statistical properties of the spectral images andcomparing the difference of the image interpretation rating scale among the spectralimages.
引文
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