用户名: 密码: 验证码:
我国大型企业技术创新模式选择研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
在目前激烈的市场竞争环境下,技术创新已经被看作是企业获得并保持竞争优势的一个关键因素。尤其是我国的大型企业面对来自国内外市场的严峻的竞争压力,而其技术创新现状也存在着R&D投入不足、缺乏技术创新的动力、企业管理体制不健全和缺乏有效的技术创新模式等问题,导致了我国大型企业的技术能力和创新模式落后于发达国家的大型企业。因此,对于我国的大型企业来说,如何利用现有资源选择合理的技术创新模式以提高技术创新能力,增强企业自身的竞争力就成为了目前亟待解决的问题。
     正是在这一大背景下,本论文对我国大型企业的技术创新模式选择进行了研究。
     首先,本论文介绍了应用于我国大型企业技术创新活动的四种主要技术创新模式,包括自主创新模式、外部创新模式、合作创新模式和孵化器创新模式。并分别对这四种技术创新模式的涵义和优劣势进行了分析,为我国大型企业科学合理的选择适合自身实际情况的技术创新模式提供了理论基础。
     其次,本论文研究了企业规模对企业技术创新模式选择的影响机理。先基于本文的研究目的,在已有相关研究及企业具体实践基础上,提出假设;然后,设计问卷并进行调查分析,在此基础上,运用SEM理论构建了企业规模、技术能力与技术创新模式间的结构模型,对前述假设进行实证检验,论证企业规模、技术能力与技术创新模式选择间的关系对企业绩效产生的影响。研究结果显示,企业规模对技术能力和技术创新模式选择都有显著的正向促进作用,技术能力对技术创新模式的选择也有显著正向作用,随着企业规模的扩大和技术能力的提升,企业的技术创新模式的选择路径将沿着孵化器创新模式(外部创新模式)→合作创新模式→自主创新模式的方向演化。
     再次,本论文运用博弈分析法,从内部吸收能力和外部创新风险两个角度分析了大型企业创新模式的选择问题。先通过构建基于企业内部吸收能力的三阶段博弈模型,着重分析了吸收能力、研发投资与创新模式选择之间的关系。然后通过基于外部创新风险的寡头企业技术创新模式选择的博弈模型,分析了寡头企业在创新风险、技术创新能力这两个因素的影响下,企业如何在自主创新、外部创新和合作创新模式中做出最佳选择,并提出了企业技术创新模式选择的决策矩阵。结果表明,当企业的技术创新能力的强弱不同时,面对创新风险将作出不同的技术创新模式的选择。
     最后,论文从内部吸收能力和外部创新风险两方面着手分析了我国大型企业技术创新模式选择的内外部影响因素。并在此基础上,构建了我国大型企业技术创新模式选择的评价指标体系,选取了大庆油田有限责任公司进行了实例分析。更进一步,在分析我国大型企业内外部环境的基础上,提出了切实可行的我国大型企业技术创新模式选择的对策。主要包括完善我国大型企业技术创新环境建设,建立良好的技术创新实施环境,加快我国大型企业技术创新制度建设和完善我国大型企业的融资市场。与此同时,还要加速政府对我国大型企业技术创新活动的推动进程。主要体现在完善技术创新法律法规、加强知识产权保护力度、健全技术创新管理体制。从我国大型企业内部来说,要完善企业内部管理体制,主要体现在加大企业投入力度、建立健全企业技术创新激励体制、加强企业信息化建设和培养引进高技术人才。
Under the fierce market competition environment, technological innovation has beenregarded as a key factor to gain and keep competitive advantage. However, facing heavycompetition pressure from national and international market, lacking enough investment inR&D, lacking motivation for technological innovation, deficient management system andlacking effective technological innovation mode have become existed problems in presenttechnological innovation in Chinese large enterprises, which led to backward technogicalinnovation ability and technological innovation mode compring with large enterprises indeveloped countries. Therefore, how to choose proper technological innovation modeaccording to existing resources in order to improve technological innovation ability andcompetitiveness has urgent probmes.
     Based on the above situation, choices of technological innovation mode have beenresearched in this dissertation.
     Firstly, four technological innovation modes including independent innovation mode,external innovation mode, incubator innovation mode, and cooperation innovation mode havebeen analyzed. In the process of the above analysis, connotations, strenths, and weaknesses ofthe above four technological innovation modes have also been illustrated, which will supplytheorical support for Chinese large enterprises to choose appropriated technologicalinnovation mode baed on the realistic condition.
     Secondly, influence mechanisms of choices on technological innovation mode from theaspect of enterprises’ scale have been researched. According to our research purpose, relatedtheories, and specific practice in enterprises, a series of research hypothesis have been built.Then, the above research hypotheses have been tested empirically by desining questionnaireand analyzing investigation based on SEM theories. Consequently, it is proved thatrelationship among enterprises’ scale, technological ability, and choices of technologicalinnovation mode affected enterprises’ performance. Moreover, hypotheses of structural pathand elementary path about relationship among enterprises’ scale, technological innovationability, and technological innovation mode have been expressed. Based on the aboveexpression, structural model related to enterprises’ scale, technological innovation ability, andchoices of technological innovation mode has been built and path relationship among essential factors in the model has been tested. The findings show that enterprises’ scale canimprove technological innovation ability and choices of technological innovation modepositively and distinctly. As the expansion of enterprises’ scale and the promotion oftechnological ability, the path of technological innovation mode choice will evolute fromincubator innovation mode (external innovation mode), cooperation innovation mode toindependent innovation mode.
     Thirdly, game theory analysis has been inplmented to analyze problems of technologicalinnovation mode choices from the aspect of on internal absorptive capacity and externalinnovation risk. Consequently, three stages model of game based on internal absorptivecapacity in our lage enterprises have been built, which focused on the relationship amongabsorptive capacity, R&D investment, and innovation mode choices. Furthermore, accordingto buiding game model of technological innovation mode choices in oligarch enterprises, itwill help enterprises choose the proper technological innovation mode choices amongindependent innovation mode, external innovation mode, and cooperation innovation modeuder the impact from innovation risk and technological ability. Simultaneously, relationshipamong technological ability, independent innovation mode, and cooperation innovation modehas been analyzed by building game model under cooperation innovation and uncooperationinnovation, and then decision matrix has been put forward. It shows that differenttechnological innovation mode choices will be made according to the strength or weakness oftechnological ability based on innovation risk.
     Finally, internal and external factors affecting technological innovation mode choices inChinese large enterprises have been analyzed from the aspect of internal absorptive capacityand external innovation risk. Based on the above analysis, evaluation indexes system relatedto technological innovation mode choices of our large enterprises has been established. AlsoDaqing Oilfield Company Ltd. has been chosen to do example analysis. Moreover, accordingto the analysis on the internal and external environment of our large enterprises, some realisticimplementation strategies have been put forward, which includes improving the constructionof technological innovation environment in our large enterprises, building betterimplementation environment for technological innovation, accelerating technologicalinnovation regime construction, and improving financing market for our large enterprises. Atthe same time, government has to improve the process of technological innovation, which can be seen in improving the laws and regulations of technological innovation, strengthen theforce of protecting intellectual property and strength the management system of technologicalinnovation. From internal aspect, internal management syatem should be improved, whichincludes enhancing input, building and improving motivation system of technologicalinnovation, strengthening enterprises’ information construction, cultivating and introducinghigh technology talents.
引文
[1]傅家骥著.技术创新学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
    [2]仲伟俊、梅姝娥、谢媛媛.产学研合作技术创新模式分析[J].中国软科学,2009(8):174-181.
    [3]林春培、张振刚、田帅.基于技术能力和技术创新模式相互匹配的引进消化吸收再创新[J].中国科技论坛,2009(9):47-50.
    [4]吕洁华.高新技术企业核心竞争力研究.东北林业大学博士论文,2005
    [5]陈勇星、屠文娟、杨晶照.基于技术能力的企业技术创新模式选择及其演进研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012(2):1-7.
    [6]杨建君、聂菁.寡头垄断企业技术创新模式选择-创新风险与技术类型的影响分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,,2009(11):94-99.
    [7]王华.市场导向与技术创新模式的关系研究[J].改革与战略,2011(5):54-56,67.
    [8]王昌林等.我国80年代以来建设创新政策分析[J].中国科技论坛,2000(5):27-28.
    [9]黄鲁成.关于我国技术创新研究的思考[J].中国软科学,2000(3):50-53.
    [10]彭纪生.中国技术创新系统的历史沿革、改革历程和现状比较[J].研究与发展管理,2000(4):4-7,40.
    [11]李法然.现代企业管理创新的思维方法[J].工业企业管理,2000(10):40-45.
    [12]王昌林等.我国80年代以来建设创新政策分析[J].科技管理,2000(5):26-28.
    [13]廖少纲.自主创新软环境系统研究.同济大学博士论文,2008.
    [14]李建峰.对我国技术创新问题的几点思考[J].政法论丛,2000(4):40-45.
    [15]周贵川、揭筱纹.企业间合作技术创新模式选择研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012(3):73-78.
    [16]徐玲、于珍.陕西省高新企业技术创新模式现状及影响因素研究[J].价值工程,2012(32):156-157.
    [17]李江涛、许婷.大型工程“产学研”技术创新模式研究[J].湖南社会科学,2010(2):111-113.
    [18]周军杰、张灿、李新功.我国企业创新利益与创新模式选择问题研究[J].科技管理研究,2009(5):62-65.
    [19]李华威.知识产权优势的理论与实证研究.武汉理工大学博士论文,2007.
    [20]兰飞.产业自主创新能力演化及评价研究.武汉理工大学博士论文,2009.
    [21]郭昌欣.新形势下提升自主创新能力的若干思考.科报网,2005(11):1-3.
    [22]仵风清、李建侠、崔佩、樊燕甫.河北省大中型工业企业自主创新能力现状比较分析[J].科技与管理,2010(5):6-11.
    [23]董岗、傅铅生.关于企业创新能力的评价模型研究[J].商业研究,2004(9):33-36.
    [24]刘满强.技术进步系统论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.
    [25]李京文.迎接知识经济新时代[M].上海:上海远东出版,2001.
    [26]伊查克.麦迪思.企业生命周期[M].中国社会科学出版社,1997.
    [27]柳卸林.技术创新经济学[M].中国经济出版社,1992.
    [28]毛维清、陈劲、郑文山.企业产品-工艺组合技术创新模式探析[J].科技管理研究,2012(6):168-171.
    [29]韩晶晶、张平.基于企业生命周期理论的技术创新模式选择研究[J].企业家天地.2006(6):33-5.
    [30]徐平.中石油集团自主创新机制及能力评价研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2009.
    [31]阎立.技术惯域对我国企业自主创新能力影响机制研究.南京理工大学博士论文,2007.
    [32]王玉珏、武中哲.我国低碳技术创新模式的选择问题研究[J].经济师,2012(6):46-49.
    [33]苗雨君、盛秋生.企业生命周期各阶段决策特征及策略分析[J].科技与管理,2003(3):75-76,79.
    [34]李福、潜伟.从技术进化史观看产业技术的创新模式[J].科技创业月刊,2012(8):1-4.
    [35]曹静.产学研结合技术创新模式研究[J].现代管理科学,2010(3):.87-88.
    [36]闫俊周.分布式创新的合作博弈分析[J].技术经济与管理研究,2010(10):.49-52.
    [37]刘蕾、唐博华、雷森.基于知识管理能力评价的企业创新模式选择研究[J].经济问题探索,2010(1):54-59.
    [38]罗勃特.伯格曼,陈劲译.技术与创新的战略管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
    [39]吴晓波,吴东.论动态的技术创新观[J].自然辩证法研究,2009(08):35-39.
    [40]陈劲.解读研发一企业研发模式精要[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
    [41]许庆瑞.研究、发展与技术创新管理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
    [42]迈克尔.波特.竞争战略[M].北京:华夏出版社,1997.
    [43]周永红.开放型创新模式的衍生性制度要素及约束条件[J].科技进步与对策,2010(4):51-54.
    [44]陈业华、陈倩倩.基于结构方程的中小型科技企业成长机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010(4):159-163.
    [45]陈业华、梁丽转.基于SEM的文化创意产业投融资风险因素研究[J].科学决策,2012(7):72-85.
    [46]简兆权.社会网络视角的企业技术创新战略选择研究[J].科技管理研究,2011(23):4-8.
    [47]吴琳、王林雪.突破性技术创新研究综述.西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011(9):35-39..
    [48]陈勇星、杨晶照.屠文娟.企业技术创新模式选择与能力的匹配性研究[J].统计与决策,2010(3):176-179.
    [49]任世科.政府行为对企业技术创新风险作用机理及影响路径的实证研究.兰州大学博士论文,2011.
    [50]徐传谌、唐晓燕.企业规模与技术创新关系研究综述[J].科技管理研,2011(8):146-150.
    [51]任世科、包国宪.企业技术创新行为选择与政府制度创新的博弈分析[J].统计与决策,2010(13):.169-172.
    [52]孙其龙.知识溢出条件下企业R&D策略行为研究.燕山大学博士论文,2012.
    [53]宋之杰、孙其龙.技术创新型企业研发投资的三阶段博弈——基于吸收能力的观点[J].管理工程学报,2009(1):116-119,142.
    [54]孙冰.技术创新演化的相关研究综述[J].软科学,2010(10):69-71,92.
    [55]崔宁宁、高宇.吸收能力对创新模式选择影响的研究[J]科学学与科学技术管理,2009(11):113-119.
    [56]肖海晶.国外技术创新模式及对我国的启示[J].学习与探索,2006(6):207-210
    [57]吴晓波、许庆瑞.二次创新竞争模型与后发优势分析[J].管理工程学报.1995(1):7-15。
    [58]吴晓波、倪义芳.二次创新与我国制造业全球化竞争战略[J].科研管理.2001(3):43-52
    [59]吴贵生.技术创新管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:105-120
    [60]张国旺.黑龙江省自主创新体系构建及成熟度研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2011.
    [61]赵丽.黑龙江省装备制造业自主创新机制构成及创新能力评价研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2011.
    [62]李潭、汪岳、张俊峰.企业技术创新与政府税收的博弈分析[J].现代商贸工业,2011(13):202-203.
    [63]仉巍.我国司法机关人力资源绩效管理研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文,2010.
    [64]陈劲、蒋子军、陈钰芬.开放式创新视角下企业知识吸收能力影响因素研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2011(8):73-84.
    [65]王志玮、]陈劲.吸收能力构念维度划分及测量的实证研究[J].技术经济,2012.(9):9-13.
    [66]王建、徐永德、王殿龙.企业创新的理论与实务[M].北京:新华出版社,2000
    [67]赵宇新.企业技术创新模式选择的理论分析[J].商业研究,2009(5):73-76.
    [68]钟峥、郑欢、李剑红.公司治理、技术创新和企业绩效的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2013(2):180-182.
    [69]宁东玲.知识相似因素对知识吸收能力的影响分析[J].情报杂志,2010(8):78-81.
    [70]杨建君、聂菁.寡头垄断企业技术创新模式选择——创新风险与技术类型的影响分析[J].]科学学与科学技术管理,2009.(11):96-101.
    [71]赵宇新.黑龙江省木材加工企业技术创新模式选择研究.东北林业大学博士论文,2008.
    [72]王秋菊.技术创新政策内涵的研究评述[J].辽宁行政学院学报,2011(2):20-22.
    [73]高宏伟.产学研合作模式选择的博弈分析[J].沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版),2011(2):48-53..
    [74]杨军强.供应链成熟度测评方法研究[J].经济与管理,2006,(12):89-92.
    [75]赵金铎、王树恩、王石聿.当前我国企业技术创新模式的战略选择[J].生产力研究,2007,(2):125-126.
    [76]贺雪飞、张铀.国际范围内石油企业技术创新的主要趋势[J].科技创业,2008,(6):51-52.
    [77]曾娟、万君康.企业技术创新模式影响因素分析论证[J].科技进步与对策,2000(4):8-9.
    [78]黄悦胜.中国中小企业技术创新政策与创新模式研究.中南大学博士论文,2002.
    [79]胡丹、陈武、肖磊.石油企业技术创新经济效益识别与评价[J].现代商业,2011(6):122-123.
    [80]李金辉、曹艳乔、杜传忠.经济危机与技术创新关系的内在机理分析[J].经济纵横,2011(9):11-14.
    [81]崔远淼.我国企业技术创新模式选择的现状、问题及对策[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(8):38-41.
    [82]陈玉梅,秦江萍.试论企业技术创新模式的选择[J].现代管理科学,2007(7):12-14.
    [83]何亚婉,王春燕,李侠等.石油企业技术创新的方向和途径[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2008,30(6):372-374.
    [84]胡萍,何丹,卢姗.日本技术创新模式的转型及相关政策研究[J].科技与经济,2007,3(20):3-6.
    [85]陈海华,谢富纪.日本技术创新模式的演进及其发展战略[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(1):15-17.
    [86]曹素璋,高阳,张红宇.企业技术能力与技术创新模式选择:一个梯度演化模型[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(1):79-82.
    [87]陈治、张所地.中国风险投资对技术创新推动效应的影响[J].商业研究,2013(1):138-144.
    [88]尹苑生,雷良海,钟志刚.企业技术创新模式的研究[J].中外企业家,2010(1):192-194.
    [89]杨朝峰.企业技术创新模式的选择[J].管理学报,2008,5(6):883-886.
    [90]李正卫、池仁勇.突破性创新的机会识别和风险管理研究[J].自然辩证法通讯,2009(3):55-60,113.
    [91]徐磊.研发国际化趋势下的东道国技术创新模式[J].现代企业,2007(3):53-54.
    [92]吴朝庭、张小玲.浅议企业技术创新的人才支撑对策[J].海峡科学,2012(11):66-68.
    [93]冯德连.研发国际化趋势下我国技术创新模式的选择[J].财贸经济,2007(4):43-48,130.
    [94]周二华、陈荣秋.技术开发的类型与创新模式选择的关系[J].科研管理,1999(4):16-21.
    [95]徐二明,陈茵.中国企业吸收能力对竞争优势的影响[J].管理科学,2009,22(2):10.
    [96]巨乃岐,宋海龙,欧仕金.国有大中型企业技术创新模式系统研究[J].天中学刊,2006,21(3):77-83.
    [97]万君康.论技术引进与自主创新的关联与差异[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报,2000(4):43-46.
    [98]吴辉球.企业技术创新模式研究[J].企业家天地,2006(11):94-95.
    [99]唐春晖,唐要家.企业技术能力与技术创新模式分析[J].辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,34(1):121-125.
    [100]赵宇新.制约企业技术创新模式选择因素的实证研究[J].学术交流,2008(12):162-166.
    [101]安亚娜,段志雁.企业规模、技术能力间的假设关系研究[J].现代管理科学,2010(8):82-83,119.
    [102]柳宏志.中国高技术产业现状分析及发展对策[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2000(3):21-23.
    [103]王斌义.环境管制对技术创新的影响新探[J].技术经济与管理研究,2006(4):79-80.
    [104]祝新亚.基于知识管理的现代企业管理创新研究[J].集体经济,2011(6):48-49.
    [105]宋凡,黄进.技术创新是提高国有大中型企业市场竞争力的有效途径——大中型企业与高技术企业技术创新能力的比较分析[J].科技进步与对策,2000,5(17):39-40.
    [106]于丽艳.我国企业国际化经营知识产权战略系统研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文,2007.
    [107]朱燕.技术创新中的政府行为探析[J].经济研究导刊,2013(4):252-253.
    [108]王慧瑾、孙明贵.企业技术创新与联盟技术创新路径的对比研究[J].消费导刊,2009(10):41-43.
    [109]祝凤文、郑琦.基于生命周期的西部特色优势产业自主创新模式选择研究[J].新疆财经大学学报,2011(1):20-24.
    [110]廖媛红.企业技术创新战略框架的研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009(3):85-88.
    [111] Welch J A, Nayak P R. Strategic Sourcing: A Progressive Approach to the Make. or.Buy Decision [J].Academy of Management Executive,1992(6):23-25.
    [112] Greenwood, Jeremy and Smith, Financial Markets in Development, and theDevelopment of Financial Markets[J]. J.Econ. Dynamica and Control,1997(1):145-181.
    [113] Richard Heeks. India’s Software Industry[M].Sage Publication,2001.165-169.
    [114] K.L, Kris Inadas, Econmy, WarJitters Dampen India’s Software Industry[J]. EETtimes,2002,(6):19.
    [115] Nonaka Ikujiro. Creating Orginizational Order out of Chaos:Self.Renewal in JapaneseFirm[J].California Management Review,1988,(3):57-73.
    [116] Gary D. Bruton. Resources of the firm,Russian high.technology startups,and firmgrowth[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2002(17):533-576.
    [117] Gerald Vinten.Thriving on Chaos:The Route to management survival[J]. Managementdecision,1992(8):22-28
    [118] Richard Heeks. Indias Software Industry[M].Sage Publication,2001.165-169.
    [119] Jacob Goldenberg、David Mazursky、Sorin Solomon.Templates of Original Innovation:Projecting Original Incremental Innovations from Intrinsic Information[J].Technological Forcasting and Social Change,1996(6).
    [120] Council on Competitiveness. Innovate America: Thriving in a World of Challengeand Change[J]. National Innovation Initiative Interim Report,2004(12).
    [121] Committee on Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research. National Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine[J].FacilitatingInterdisciplinary Research. National Academies Press,2004.
    [122] Lucas、Robert E. On the Mechanisms of Economics development[J].Journal ofMonetary Economics,1988(12).
    [123] Rothwell.Successful industrial innovation; critical factors fir the1990s. R&DManagement[J],1992:221-235
    [124] Bozeman B. Technology transfer and public policy: a review of research and theory.Research Policy[J],2000(29).
    [125] D BarkerP、Lloyd.The evaluation of Scientific Research[M].of scientific Research inthe United Kingdom Selected Experience,1997.
    [126] Christensen JF.Asset Profiles for Technological Innovation[J]. Research Policy,1995(24):727一745.
    [127] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Proposed Guidelines forCollecting and Integrating Technological Innovation Data[J].OSLO Manual,1996(12).
    [128] Faber, J、Hesen, A.B. Innovation capabilities of European nations. Cross.nationalanalyses of patents and sales of product innovations[J]. Research Policy.2004(33):193–207.
    [129] Feldman, M、Audretsch, D. Innovation in cities: sciencebased diversity, specializationand localized competition[J]. European Economic Review.1999,43(2):409–429.
    [130] Foxon, T.J、 Gross, R、 Chase, A、 Howes, J、 Arnall, A、 Anderson, D. UKinnovation system for new and renewable energy technologies: drivers, barriers andsystem failures[J]. Energy Policy.2005,33(16):112–118.
    [131] Freeman, C. Technology Policy and Economic Performance[M]. Pinter, London.1987
    [132] Fritsch, M.R&D co.operation and the efficiency of regional innovation activities[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,2004(6):829.846.
    [133] Burgelman R, Maidique M A, Wheel wright S C. Strategic Management of Technologyand Innovation[M]. New York:Me Graw.hill,1996.
    [134] Evangelista, R、Iammarino, S、 Mastrostefano, V、 Silvani, A. Looking for regionalsystems of innovation: evidence from the Italian innovation survey[J]. RegionalStudies.2002.(2):173–186
    [135] Chiesa,V.Coughlan.Voss,C.A. Development of a Technical Innovation Audit[J].Engineering Management Review,1998(2):64-91
    [136] Kline, S. J.Innovation Is not a Linear Process[J]. Research Management.28(4):36.45
    [137] Charles Handy. Trust and the Virtual Organization [J]. Harvard Business Review.May.June,1995:40-45
    [138] Gilbert, F. W、Young J. A., O、 Neal. C. R. Buyer.seller Relationships in J1TPurchasingEnvironment [J]. Journal of Business Research,1994.
    [139] Mintzberg. H.Five Ps for Strategy [J]. California Management Review,1987(12):12-19
    [140] Chesbrough、 H.W&Teece. D. J(1996).When is Virtual Virtuous' Organizing forInnovation [J]. Harvard Business Review, Vol.74:65-74
    [141] C.W.Holsatple、M. Singh. The knowledge chain model: activities for competitiveness[J].Expert systems with applications,2001(20):77-98
    [142] L.M.Meade、 J.Sarkis.Analyzing organizational project alternatives for agilemanufacturingprocess: an analytical network approach [J]. International journal ofproduction research, Vo137,1998:241-261
    [142] Gorden Kingsley.The use of case studies in R&D impact evaluations Evaluating theImpact or R&D, Method and Practice[M].New York: Macmillan1998.
    [144] Freel, M. Sectoral patterns of small firm innovation, networking and proximity[J].ResearchPolicy.2003,32(5):751–770
    [145] N.Rosenberg:Perspectives on Technology London[J]. Cambridge University Press.2001(8):108-125.
    [146] S. Kline and N. Rosenberg:"An Overview of Innovation"in R. Landon and N.Rosenberg:The Positive Sum Strategy·Washington D. C[J].National Academy Press,1986:270-305.
    [147] J.Schmookler:Invention and Economic Growth Cambridge[J]:Harvard University Press,1966:206.
    [148] N. Rosenberg: Inside the Black Box [J].Cambridge University Press,1982:195.
    [149] Monck.Science Parks and the Growth of High Technology Firms [J]. Academy ofManagement Review,1988.
    [150] Casanueva.Transfer of technological knowledge. a multiple case study in thepharmaceutical industry [J]. California Management Review,1998.
    [151] Barzel.Y.Measurement Cost and the Organization of Markets[J].Journal of Law andEconomics.1982(25):27-28.
    [152] Williamson.O.E. Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust implications[M].1975.New York: Free Press.
    [153] Williamson.O.E. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism[M].1985. New York: TheFree Press.
    [154] Bamey. J. B. Organizational Culture: Can it be a Source of Sustained CompetitiveAdvantage [J]Academy Off management Review.1981(11):665-666.
    [155] Williamson.O.E.Strategy Research: Governance and Competence Perspectives[J].Strategic management Journal,1999(20).1087-1108.
    [156] Winter,S.G.Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets. In Teece,D.J.(eds.)The Competitive Challenge.Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal[M].Ballinger. Cambridge,1987(20):59-84.
    [157] Brent Goldfarb, Magnus Henrekson. Bottom.up versus top.down policies towards thecommercialization of university intellectual property[J].Research Policy,2003(32):639-658.
    [158] Szabo M. Protection of intellectual property rights in R and D activities[J].PeriodicaPolytechnics, Social and Management Science,2001,9(1):43-49.
    [159] Williamson.O.E.Strategy Research: Governance and Competence Perspectives[J].Strategic management Journal,1999(20).1087-1108.
    [160] Winter,S.G.Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets. In Teece,D.J.(eds.)The Competitive Challenge.Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal[M].Ballinger. Cambridge,1987(20):59-84.
    [161] Maskus K.E.,Yang G. E.Intellectual property rights foreign direct investment andcompetition issues in developing countries[J].International Journal of TechnologyManagement,2000,19(1):22-34.
    [162] Williamson.O.E. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism[M].1985. New York: TheFree Press.
    [163] Bamey. J. B. Organizational Culture: Can it be a Source of Sustained CompetitiveAdvantage [J]Academy Off management Review.1981(11):665-666.
    [164] Holmqvist, Mikael, and Christian Maravelias. Organizing the extended organization[J].Paper presented at MICT conference1999, Copenhagen,14.16September.1999.
    [165] Holmqvist, Mikael. Learning in imaginary organizations: Creating interorganizationalknowledge[J]. Journal of Organizational Change Management,1999(12):419-438.
    [166] Beata Smarzynska Javorcik. The composition of foreign direct investment andprotection of intellectual property rights.Evidence from transitioneconomics[J].European Economic Review,2004(48).
    [167] Woodman, R.W.Sawyer, J.E&Griffin,R.W.Toward a thery of organizationalcreativity[J].Academy of Management Review,1993,18(2),293-300.
    [168] Fryer, P.J. and Versteeg, C. Processing Technology Innovation in the Food Industry [J].Innovation:management,policy&practice,2008,(10):74-90.
    [169] Bierly, P.E. and Daly, P.S. Sources of externalorganisational learning in smallmanufacturing firms International Journal of Technology Management,2007,38(1/2):45-68.
    [170] Dogson, M., Gann, D. and Salter, A. The role of technology in the shift towards openinnovation: The case of Procter&Gamble[J]. R&D Management,2006,36(3):333-346.
    [171] Fontana R., Geuna, A. and Matt, M. Factors affecting university–industry R&Dprojects: The importance of searching, screening and signalling[J]. Research Policy,2006,35:309-323.
    [172] Laursen, K. and Salter, A. Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaininginnovation performance among UK manufacturing firms[J].Strategic ManagementJournal,2006,27(2):131-150.
    [173] Montoro.Sánchez, A., Mora.Valentin, E. M. and Guerras.Martin, L.A. R&Dcooperative agreements between firms and research organisations: A comparativeanalysis of the characteristics and reasons depending on the nature of the partner[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2006,35(1–4):156-181.
    [174] Baas, T. and Schrooten, M. Relationship banking and SMEs: A theoretical analysis[J].Small Business Economics,2006,27:127-137.
    [175] Hewitt.Dundas, N. Resource and capability constraints to innovation in small and largeplants[J].Small Business Economics,2006,26:257-277.
    [176] Hussinger, K. On the importance of technological relatedness: SMEs versus largeacquisition targets[Technovation,2010,30:57-64.
    [177] Kaivanto, K. and Stoneman, P. Public provision of sales contingent claims backedfinance to SMEs: A policy alternative [J].Research Policy,2007,36:637-651.
    [178] Liu, J. and Chaminade, C. Dynamics of technological innovator network and its impacton technological performance [J]. Innovation: Management, Policy&Practice,2010(12):26-40.
    [179] Rhee, J., Park, T. and Lee, D.H.(2010). Drivers of innovativeness and performance forinnovative SMEs in South Korea: Mediation of learning orientation. Technovation,30:65-75.
    [180] Zeng, S.X., Xie, X.M., Tam, C.M. and Wan, T.W. Relationships between businessfactors and performance in internationalization: An empirical study in China [J].Management Decision,2009,47(2):308-329.
    [181] Zeng S.X., Xie, X.M. and Tam, C.M.Relationship between cooperation networks andinnovation performance of SMEs[J]. Technovation,2010,30(3):181-194.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700