城市规划层面的道路交通噪声控制研究
摘要
道路交通噪声是城市环境噪声的主要构成部分,已威胁到公共健康(WHO,2011)。既有的控制措施多局限在微观层面,致使“控制户外环境噪声的技术,相对于房屋隔声来说其成熟程度差得多”,导致道路交通噪声有效评估的缺失和控制技术的缺乏。针对现有交通噪声控制措施的局限性,欧美各国己着手从宏观层面统筹规划并主动控制,如美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA,1998)提出与噪声兼容的土地利用规划；欧盟提出“噪声指令”(2002)并在规划中付诸实施；我国在该领域的研究也刚开始起步。交通噪声具有很强的城市规划特征,本文在对控制措施的修正中引入城市规划理念,研究成果反过来亦可指导城市规划。
论文分四个层级将城市规划引入噪声控制领域,即制度层、管理平台层、规划控制层、规划设计层。在制度层,基于实效评估对我国相关噪声政策法规进行梳理,结合城市规划需求进行分析与对接,并将控制措施落实在实施细节。在管理平台层,将噪声地图与城市规划空间数据叠加,并以此为平台,研究应用路径,构建与噪声兼容的管理制度,明确噪声冲突区。在规划控制层,将交通噪声作为解决其他城市问题时的重要因素兼顾考虑,探寻与城市发展、道路体系的关系,从城市范围削减噪声冲突区,并在局部区域通过规划交通技术,确定有效控制方法。在规划设计层,基于噪声模拟,综合考虑各制约因素与评价指标,研究噪声冲突区设计应对策略,通过理论推导及模拟实测,研究外围护构件的隔声问题,以进行有效的规划控制。
研究取得如下结论及成果。以城市规划理念对噪声控制的政策法规及标准进行梳理,提出存在问题及解决路径,并与规划编制与管理的具体细节进行对接,论证可行性,建立城市层面的交通噪声控制制度保障；提出将噪声地图转化为城市规划管理工具,并与城市空间数据叠加分析的应用路径,量化噪声冲突区,分阶段建构应用框架,使城市规划成为噪声问题的发现者和解决者；将交通噪声控制与城市发展及道路体系建立关联,以从宏观层面通过减少长距离出行及优化高等级道路来削减噪声冲突区,促使城市噪声合理分布,并对局部区域通过完善既有规划交通技术加以控制；分区域提出噪声冲突区的规划设计目标及差异性的设计方法,论证斜列式建筑布局的防噪声有效性,明确外墙隔声指标及外窗隔声规律,弥补规范缺失,并应用于规划条件设置。
本文将噪声控制与城市规划结合起来进行研究,在环境噪声控制领域取得一定创新,具有潜在的技术经济效益和重要的社会意义。以本文为基础,所申请的国家自然科学基金已获得资助(批准号：51208074),将展开持续研究。
Road traffic noise is the main source of urban environmental noise, and has been a threat to the public health(WHO,2011). The existing control measures are limited at the micro level, so "the maturity of outdoor environmental noisecontrol technology is much worse compared with sound insulation of buildings". Europe and the United States all do the macro planning from the point view of the government and do active control. The United States Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) proposed the overall land use planning compatible with noise (NCP); European Union proposed"EU Directive2002/49/EC" and implemented it in planning. This article introduces the noise control at all levels of the urban planning, introduces into the noise model, and the result is applied in planning practice, and then do the active control of the regional acoustic environment.
Main research contents:urban planning will be introduced into noise control at four levels that is system layer, management layer, technology layer of the government source control, technology layer of estate development, to amend the existing control model, compared with European and American noise control system, based on effectiveness evaluation to sort out our country's regulations to make it to play the role in urban; analyze the noise standard, and implement control of traffic noise in the details in the urban planning; when make noise map, consider the urban planning requirements, through the GIS platform and the urban planning spatial data overlayto obtain the quantitative analysis results, guide its application, and make the land use planning compatible with the noise; Based on the noise evaluation, analyze the road system qualitatively, and investigate and research the traffic noise under the influence of the traffic load, research traffic impact evaluation, traffic calming and ground road noise barrier in the noise control, and determine the noise control method effectively from the micro level; Based on the noise simulation, improve the method of planning and design of residential area, consider comprehensively the restriction factors(noise, sunshine, volume rate) and the evaluation index (physical, psychological) relationship, and summarize the rule of the sound insulation on the external wall and window through theoretical derivation, simulation test results.
Conclusions and innovative results:Combine the noise control and urban planning regulations, standards and specific control measures of planning, establish the system guarantee for active control of traffic noise of urban level; Convert the noise map into urban planning and management tool, build application framework by stages, make the urban planning as the detector and solver of noise problem; From the perspective of noise control, to complete the analysis of the urban road system from different aspects, put forward the design strategy regionally, and improve it at the micro level by the tools of the planning technology, and then guide the planning and design;According to the planning of residential area, put forward the design goal and the design method of diversity, put forward the "Echelon" noise prevention building layout, clear the target of wall sound insulation and the rules of window insulation, and apply to the planning and design;Rreference of the latest research results of the traffic noise control from Europe and the United States, combine with our urban planning at multi-level and multi-perspective.
In this paper, combine the noise control and urban planning for research, make some innovation in the field of noise control, there is the potential technology economic benefits and important social significance. In this foundation, the application of the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded (approval number:51208074), the research will be continued.
论文分四个层级将城市规划引入噪声控制领域,即制度层、管理平台层、规划控制层、规划设计层。在制度层,基于实效评估对我国相关噪声政策法规进行梳理,结合城市规划需求进行分析与对接,并将控制措施落实在实施细节。在管理平台层,将噪声地图与城市规划空间数据叠加,并以此为平台,研究应用路径,构建与噪声兼容的管理制度,明确噪声冲突区。在规划控制层,将交通噪声作为解决其他城市问题时的重要因素兼顾考虑,探寻与城市发展、道路体系的关系,从城市范围削减噪声冲突区,并在局部区域通过规划交通技术,确定有效控制方法。在规划设计层,基于噪声模拟,综合考虑各制约因素与评价指标,研究噪声冲突区设计应对策略,通过理论推导及模拟实测,研究外围护构件的隔声问题,以进行有效的规划控制。
研究取得如下结论及成果。以城市规划理念对噪声控制的政策法规及标准进行梳理,提出存在问题及解决路径,并与规划编制与管理的具体细节进行对接,论证可行性,建立城市层面的交通噪声控制制度保障；提出将噪声地图转化为城市规划管理工具,并与城市空间数据叠加分析的应用路径,量化噪声冲突区,分阶段建构应用框架,使城市规划成为噪声问题的发现者和解决者；将交通噪声控制与城市发展及道路体系建立关联,以从宏观层面通过减少长距离出行及优化高等级道路来削减噪声冲突区,促使城市噪声合理分布,并对局部区域通过完善既有规划交通技术加以控制；分区域提出噪声冲突区的规划设计目标及差异性的设计方法,论证斜列式建筑布局的防噪声有效性,明确外墙隔声指标及外窗隔声规律,弥补规范缺失,并应用于规划条件设置。
本文将噪声控制与城市规划结合起来进行研究,在环境噪声控制领域取得一定创新,具有潜在的技术经济效益和重要的社会意义。以本文为基础,所申请的国家自然科学基金已获得资助(批准号：51208074),将展开持续研究。
Road traffic noise is the main source of urban environmental noise, and has been a threat to the public health(WHO,2011). The existing control measures are limited at the micro level, so "the maturity of outdoor environmental noisecontrol technology is much worse compared with sound insulation of buildings". Europe and the United States all do the macro planning from the point view of the government and do active control. The United States Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) proposed the overall land use planning compatible with noise (NCP); European Union proposed"EU Directive2002/49/EC" and implemented it in planning. This article introduces the noise control at all levels of the urban planning, introduces into the noise model, and the result is applied in planning practice, and then do the active control of the regional acoustic environment.
Main research contents:urban planning will be introduced into noise control at four levels that is system layer, management layer, technology layer of the government source control, technology layer of estate development, to amend the existing control model, compared with European and American noise control system, based on effectiveness evaluation to sort out our country's regulations to make it to play the role in urban; analyze the noise standard, and implement control of traffic noise in the details in the urban planning; when make noise map, consider the urban planning requirements, through the GIS platform and the urban planning spatial data overlayto obtain the quantitative analysis results, guide its application, and make the land use planning compatible with the noise; Based on the noise evaluation, analyze the road system qualitatively, and investigate and research the traffic noise under the influence of the traffic load, research traffic impact evaluation, traffic calming and ground road noise barrier in the noise control, and determine the noise control method effectively from the micro level; Based on the noise simulation, improve the method of planning and design of residential area, consider comprehensively the restriction factors(noise, sunshine, volume rate) and the evaluation index (physical, psychological) relationship, and summarize the rule of the sound insulation on the external wall and window through theoretical derivation, simulation test results.
Conclusions and innovative results:Combine the noise control and urban planning regulations, standards and specific control measures of planning, establish the system guarantee for active control of traffic noise of urban level; Convert the noise map into urban planning and management tool, build application framework by stages, make the urban planning as the detector and solver of noise problem; From the perspective of noise control, to complete the analysis of the urban road system from different aspects, put forward the design strategy regionally, and improve it at the micro level by the tools of the planning technology, and then guide the planning and design;According to the planning of residential area, put forward the design goal and the design method of diversity, put forward the "Echelon" noise prevention building layout, clear the target of wall sound insulation and the rules of window insulation, and apply to the planning and design;Rreference of the latest research results of the traffic noise control from Europe and the United States, combine with our urban planning at multi-level and multi-perspective.
In this paper, combine the noise control and urban planning for research, make some innovation in the field of noise control, there is the potential technology economic benefits and important social significance. In this foundation, the application of the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded (approval number:51208074), the research will be continued.
引文
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