大型船舶驾驶室人机界面综合评估研究
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摘要
随着我国船舶行业快速发展的需要，提高我国自主研制大型船舶驾驶室人机界面设计水平，对于减少驾驶室人因失误、保障航行安全、提高系统运行效率及市场竞争力具有重要作用。综合评估是测定人机界面对象属性价值，明确其问题、缺陷所在，保障其设计质量的重要手段。本文以大型船舶驾驶室为研究对象，分析了其人机界面综合评估研究的必要性及发展现状，针对驾驶室人机界面的评估模型、评估要素和评估准则、综合评估指标系统构建、评估权数分配和综合评估理论方法及评估技术方法等关键问题展开研究。主要研究工作如下：
分析了大型船舶驾驶室人机界面特点，构建基于广义SHEL模型的驾驶室人机界面评估模型；以驾驶室人机界面L-H、L-S、L-E及L-L关系为研究主体，深入分析了其评估要素体系，作为构建综合评估指标系统的基础；分析了国内、外相关人机界面评估标准特征、要素及评估应用方法，构建了驾驶室人机界面评估准则体系，作为构造底层单项评估指标及实施综合评估的参照依据。
研究了驾驶室人机界面综合评估指标系统构建目标、方法，从驾驶室作业域人机界面、作业环境界面、作业团队界面及软件界面4个方面构建综合评估指标系统；依据评估准则筛选和构造了各评估要素的底层单项评估指标；建立了综合评估指标系统检验方法，对其评估结构要素完备度、冗余度及底层单项评估指标必要度、辨识度、可行度进行了验证；并对主、客观评估指标数据处理方法进行了研究。
提出了基于有反馈机制的AHP群组权数分配方法：建立了评权矩阵F (S)模型标度数值体系，实例验证了其在权数分配保序性、一致性及标度均匀性等方面具备优势；结合Delphi方法原理，建立了AHP群组权数分配反馈机制；构建了基于灰色相似关联度的群组评权分歧程度验证指标，对反馈机制进行控制。并采用权数方法确定了大型船舶驾驶室人机界面综合评估指标系统的具体权数分配关系。
对人机界面综合评估理论方法进行研究。针对人机界面主观模糊不定性信息评估问题，构建了基于主观区间数评语集的认知模糊综合评估方法。建立群组主观区间数评语集矩阵以刻画主观评估信息模糊不定性；构建了主观区间数评语序列的模糊重心确定模型，并建立置信因子检验评语序列模糊重心可靠性。针对评估信息价值难以准确统计集结问题，建立基于高斯分布型的白化权函数模型描述评估信息价值分布；构建了基于中心点高斯分布白化权的综合价值聚类评估模型，以集结人机界面主、客观评估信息综合价值水平。
构造了大型船舶驾驶室人机界面综合评估系统。开发了驾驶室模型库、评估船员人体模型、视景仿真主观评估模型等；构建驾驶室人机界面主、客观评估环境。最后，采用人机界面综合评估系统对某大型船舶驾驶室作业域人机界面部分进行综合评估，对评估结果进行分析，提出具体改进建议及优化设计方案。验证了本文提出的人机界面综合评估理论方法和评估技术系统。
With the rapid development of China's shipdesigning and shipbuilding industry, toimprove the wheelhouse man-machine interface design of independently developedlarge-scale ships, has an important role in the reduction of the wheelhouse human error,enhancement of the system efficiency, and protection of the ship safe navigation. Integratedevaluation is an important means to examine the attribute value and determine the problemsor flaws of the wheelhouse man-machine interface, and to safeguard its quality design. Inthis paper, the wheelhouse man-machine interface has been due to the researching object,the necessity and development status of man-machine interface integrated evaluation theoryand methods have been analyzed. The key issues of evaluation elements and criteria system,evaluation indexes system, weighting method, integrated evaluation theory and digitalevaluation technical means were researched. The main research work including:
The characteristics of the man-machine interface of wheelhouse were analyzed, and theintegrated evaluation researching model was established based on the proposed generalizedSHEL model. The wheelhouse man-machine interface evaluation elements were studiedfrom the relationships of liveware-hardware, liveware-software, liveware-environment andliveware-liveware, as the basis to build the integrated evaluation index system structure ofwheelhouse man-machine interface. The characteristics, application methods and principlesof man-machine interface evaluation standards of wheelhouse both domestic and foreignwere studied, and the evaluation standards system of wheelhouse man-machine interfacewas constructed, as the foundations of extracting the basis individual evaluation indexes,and implementing the integrated evaluation.
On this basis, the constructing aim, constructing method and testing method forwheelhouse man-machine interface evaluation indexes system was studied; the structure ofintegrated evaluation indexes system was formed based on the wheelhouse workgroundman-machine interface, wheelhouse work environment, wheelhouse work team and thewheelhouse software; the basis individual evaluation index sets were filtered and extracted.The integrated evaluation index system testing methods was established to test thecompleteness and redundancy of the wheelhouse man-machine interface evaluationstructure, to test the necessary, identification and feasibility of the basis individualevaluation index. And the subjective and objective indexes evaluation data processingmethod was studied.
The improved AHP group weighting method based on feedback mechanism wasproposed. The evaluation weight matrix scaling method was established. And the instanceverified its superiority for the weights assigned order-preserving, consistency, uniformityand so on. Combining Delphi method principle, group evaluation feedback mechanism andweights calculating method were studied; the group weighting divergence degree indicatorwas constructed based on grey similarity incidence to control the group weighting feedbackmechanism. And the exhaustive weights relationships of integrated evaluation index systemof wheelhouse man-machine interface were determined.
The integrated evaluation theory and method were studied. For the fuzzy uncertainty ofthe subjective evaluation information, the cognitive fuzzy integrated evaluation method wasconstructed based on the subjective interval value set. The subjective evaluation informationambiguity expression mode was studied. The gravity center model was used to determinethe focus of the subjective evaluation interval value sequence. And the focus confidencecoefficient was constructed to verify the group judged interval value sequence focus. Forthe gray of the integrated evaluation information, the gauss distribution whitening weightsof was proposed to descript the value distribution of evaluation information. The grayclustering evaluation method based on the gauss distribution whitening weights of wasproposed, for the accurate quantification and statistical evaluation information value, toclustering evaluate the subjective and objective integrated evaluation results.
The digital wheelhouse man-machine interface integrated evaluation software systemhas been developed. The standard model library of wheelhouse equipments, digital crewhuman body model and visual simulation subjective evaluation model were developed; theobjective and subjective evaluation environment for wheelhouse man-machine interfacewas constructed. Finally, the digital integrated evaluation system was applied to evaluate thewheelhouse workground man-machine interface design. The evaluation result was analyzed,and improvement recommendations for the specific design elements and new design wereproposed. It is to verify the proposed integrated evaluation theory methods and evaluationtechnical system for man-machine interface of large-scale ship wheelhouse.
分析了大型船舶驾驶室人机界面特点，构建基于广义SHEL模型的驾驶室人机界面评估模型；以驾驶室人机界面L-H、L-S、L-E及L-L关系为研究主体，深入分析了其评估要素体系，作为构建综合评估指标系统的基础；分析了国内、外相关人机界面评估标准特征、要素及评估应用方法，构建了驾驶室人机界面评估准则体系，作为构造底层单项评估指标及实施综合评估的参照依据。
研究了驾驶室人机界面综合评估指标系统构建目标、方法，从驾驶室作业域人机界面、作业环境界面、作业团队界面及软件界面4个方面构建综合评估指标系统；依据评估准则筛选和构造了各评估要素的底层单项评估指标；建立了综合评估指标系统检验方法，对其评估结构要素完备度、冗余度及底层单项评估指标必要度、辨识度、可行度进行了验证；并对主、客观评估指标数据处理方法进行了研究。
提出了基于有反馈机制的AHP群组权数分配方法：建立了评权矩阵F (S)模型标度数值体系，实例验证了其在权数分配保序性、一致性及标度均匀性等方面具备优势；结合Delphi方法原理，建立了AHP群组权数分配反馈机制；构建了基于灰色相似关联度的群组评权分歧程度验证指标，对反馈机制进行控制。并采用权数方法确定了大型船舶驾驶室人机界面综合评估指标系统的具体权数分配关系。
对人机界面综合评估理论方法进行研究。针对人机界面主观模糊不定性信息评估问题，构建了基于主观区间数评语集的认知模糊综合评估方法。建立群组主观区间数评语集矩阵以刻画主观评估信息模糊不定性；构建了主观区间数评语序列的模糊重心确定模型，并建立置信因子检验评语序列模糊重心可靠性。针对评估信息价值难以准确统计集结问题，建立基于高斯分布型的白化权函数模型描述评估信息价值分布；构建了基于中心点高斯分布白化权的综合价值聚类评估模型，以集结人机界面主、客观评估信息综合价值水平。
构造了大型船舶驾驶室人机界面综合评估系统。开发了驾驶室模型库、评估船员人体模型、视景仿真主观评估模型等；构建驾驶室人机界面主、客观评估环境。最后，采用人机界面综合评估系统对某大型船舶驾驶室作业域人机界面部分进行综合评估，对评估结果进行分析，提出具体改进建议及优化设计方案。验证了本文提出的人机界面综合评估理论方法和评估技术系统。
With the rapid development of China's shipdesigning and shipbuilding industry, toimprove the wheelhouse man-machine interface design of independently developedlarge-scale ships, has an important role in the reduction of the wheelhouse human error,enhancement of the system efficiency, and protection of the ship safe navigation. Integratedevaluation is an important means to examine the attribute value and determine the problemsor flaws of the wheelhouse man-machine interface, and to safeguard its quality design. Inthis paper, the wheelhouse man-machine interface has been due to the researching object,the necessity and development status of man-machine interface integrated evaluation theoryand methods have been analyzed. The key issues of evaluation elements and criteria system,evaluation indexes system, weighting method, integrated evaluation theory and digitalevaluation technical means were researched. The main research work including:
The characteristics of the man-machine interface of wheelhouse were analyzed, and theintegrated evaluation researching model was established based on the proposed generalizedSHEL model. The wheelhouse man-machine interface evaluation elements were studiedfrom the relationships of liveware-hardware, liveware-software, liveware-environment andliveware-liveware, as the basis to build the integrated evaluation index system structure ofwheelhouse man-machine interface. The characteristics, application methods and principlesof man-machine interface evaluation standards of wheelhouse both domestic and foreignwere studied, and the evaluation standards system of wheelhouse man-machine interfacewas constructed, as the foundations of extracting the basis individual evaluation indexes,and implementing the integrated evaluation.
On this basis, the constructing aim, constructing method and testing method forwheelhouse man-machine interface evaluation indexes system was studied; the structure ofintegrated evaluation indexes system was formed based on the wheelhouse workgroundman-machine interface, wheelhouse work environment, wheelhouse work team and thewheelhouse software; the basis individual evaluation index sets were filtered and extracted.The integrated evaluation index system testing methods was established to test thecompleteness and redundancy of the wheelhouse man-machine interface evaluationstructure, to test the necessary, identification and feasibility of the basis individualevaluation index. And the subjective and objective indexes evaluation data processingmethod was studied.
The improved AHP group weighting method based on feedback mechanism wasproposed. The evaluation weight matrix scaling method was established. And the instanceverified its superiority for the weights assigned order-preserving, consistency, uniformityand so on. Combining Delphi method principle, group evaluation feedback mechanism andweights calculating method were studied; the group weighting divergence degree indicatorwas constructed based on grey similarity incidence to control the group weighting feedbackmechanism. And the exhaustive weights relationships of integrated evaluation index systemof wheelhouse man-machine interface were determined.
The integrated evaluation theory and method were studied. For the fuzzy uncertainty ofthe subjective evaluation information, the cognitive fuzzy integrated evaluation method wasconstructed based on the subjective interval value set. The subjective evaluation informationambiguity expression mode was studied. The gravity center model was used to determinethe focus of the subjective evaluation interval value sequence. And the focus confidencecoefficient was constructed to verify the group judged interval value sequence focus. Forthe gray of the integrated evaluation information, the gauss distribution whitening weightsof was proposed to descript the value distribution of evaluation information. The grayclustering evaluation method based on the gauss distribution whitening weights of wasproposed, for the accurate quantification and statistical evaluation information value, toclustering evaluate the subjective and objective integrated evaluation results.
The digital wheelhouse man-machine interface integrated evaluation software systemhas been developed. The standard model library of wheelhouse equipments, digital crewhuman body model and visual simulation subjective evaluation model were developed; theobjective and subjective evaluation environment for wheelhouse man-machine interfacewas constructed. Finally, the digital integrated evaluation system was applied to evaluate thewheelhouse workground man-machine interface design. The evaluation result was analyzed,and improvement recommendations for the specific design elements and new design wereproposed. It is to verify the proposed integrated evaluation theory methods and evaluationtechnical system for man-machine interface of large-scale ship wheelhouse.
引文
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