湖南省五市九家三级医院骨盆骨折流行病学调查初步研究
摘要
目的：探讨湖南省五市九家三级医院骨盆骨折的流行病学特点及救治现状,为政府相关决策的制定提供初步研究资料,以提高骨盆骨折的防治水平和救治质量,减少死亡率和伤残率。
方法：收集2012年10月～2013年3月湖南省五市九家三级医院收治的65例骨盆骨折患者的临床资料,统计分析患者流行病学相关信息,院前急救及院内救治等情况。运用统计学软件SPSS13.0进行统计学分析。
结果：65例患者中,男44例,女21例,男女比例为2.10：1.00。年龄为11-86岁,20～59岁占74.6%。交通伤30例(46.2%),高处坠落伤22例(33.8%)。73.8%的患者合并其它部位损伤。平均输血量Tile C型(1905.56m1)大于Tile A型(483.33m1),有统计学差异(P<0.05),大于Tile B型(1026.92m1),有统计学差异(P<0.05),Tile A型与Tile B型无统计学差异。出院时预后情况Tile C型比Tile A型更差,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。17例手术患者全部选择了内固定治疗。创伤重度评分(Injury Severity Score, ISS)与患者的总费用正相关,与患者的预后负相关。
结论：湖南省五市九家三级医院骨盆骨折患者以中青年男性为主；高能量损伤是导致骨盆骨折的主要原因；Tile C型骨盆骨折输血量大,预后差;ISS评分能较好的反应患者的伤情和预测患者的预后。
Objectives:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pelvic fractures in five city of Hunan, so that prevention and treatment of the injury can benefit from the study.
Methods:The clinical data of the65patients with pelvic fractures, which admitted at9third-grade hospitals in Hunan, from October2012to March2013were collected. Their epidemiological information, pre-hospital and in-hospital situation were analyzed with SPSS13.0.
Results:There are44male and21female patients, the male-to-female ratio is about2.10:1.00. The age range of patients was11to86years.74.6%patients was at age20to59.30patient(46.2%) was traffic injury,22patient(33.8%) was fall injury.73.8%patient suffered associated injuries which involved all over the body. By Tile's classification of pelvic fractures, compare with type A and type B, type C needs more blood transfusion and its prognosis is worse. All surgical patients chose internal fixation. There is a very strong positive correlation between ISS and the cost. ISS is in negative correlation to the prognosis
Conclusions:Pelvic fractures are mostly caused by high-energy injuries, often in young and middle-aged males. Tile C pelvic fractures need more blood transfusion and have poor prognosis. ISS can predict the prognosis of patients.
方法：收集2012年10月～2013年3月湖南省五市九家三级医院收治的65例骨盆骨折患者的临床资料,统计分析患者流行病学相关信息,院前急救及院内救治等情况。运用统计学软件SPSS13.0进行统计学分析。
结果：65例患者中,男44例,女21例,男女比例为2.10：1.00。年龄为11-86岁,20～59岁占74.6%。交通伤30例(46.2%),高处坠落伤22例(33.8%)。73.8%的患者合并其它部位损伤。平均输血量Tile C型(1905.56m1)大于Tile A型(483.33m1),有统计学差异(P<0.05),大于Tile B型(1026.92m1),有统计学差异(P<0.05),Tile A型与Tile B型无统计学差异。出院时预后情况Tile C型比Tile A型更差,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。17例手术患者全部选择了内固定治疗。创伤重度评分(Injury Severity Score, ISS)与患者的总费用正相关,与患者的预后负相关。
结论：湖南省五市九家三级医院骨盆骨折患者以中青年男性为主；高能量损伤是导致骨盆骨折的主要原因；Tile C型骨盆骨折输血量大,预后差;ISS评分能较好的反应患者的伤情和预测患者的预后。
Objectives:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pelvic fractures in five city of Hunan, so that prevention and treatment of the injury can benefit from the study.
Methods:The clinical data of the65patients with pelvic fractures, which admitted at9third-grade hospitals in Hunan, from October2012to March2013were collected. Their epidemiological information, pre-hospital and in-hospital situation were analyzed with SPSS13.0.
Results:There are44male and21female patients, the male-to-female ratio is about2.10:1.00. The age range of patients was11to86years.74.6%patients was at age20to59.30patient(46.2%) was traffic injury,22patient(33.8%) was fall injury.73.8%patient suffered associated injuries which involved all over the body. By Tile's classification of pelvic fractures, compare with type A and type B, type C needs more blood transfusion and its prognosis is worse. All surgical patients chose internal fixation. There is a very strong positive correlation between ISS and the cost. ISS is in negative correlation to the prognosis
Conclusions:Pelvic fractures are mostly caused by high-energy injuries, often in young and middle-aged males. Tile C pelvic fractures need more blood transfusion and have poor prognosis. ISS can predict the prognosis of patients.
引文
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[2]Duane T M, Tan B B, Golay D, et al. Blunt trauma and the role of routine pelvic radiographs:a prospective analysis[J]. J Trauma,2002,53(3):463-468.
[3]Gonzalez R P, Fried P Q, Bukhalo M. The utility of clinical examination in screening for pelvic fractures in blunt trauma[J]. J Am Coll Surg,2002,194(2):121-125.
[4]Tien I Y, Dufel S E. Does ethanol affect the reliability of pelvic bone examination in blunt trauma?[J]. Ann Emerg Med,2000,36(5):451-455.
[5]Kaneriya P P, Schweitzer M E, Spettell C, et al. The cost-effectiveness of routine pelvic radiography in the evaluation of blunt trauma patients[J]. Skeletal Radiol,1999,28(5):271-273.
[6]Heath F R, Blum F, Rockwell S. Physical examination as a screening test for pelvic fractures in blunt trauma patients[J]. W V Med J,1997,93(5):267-269.
[7]Ham S J, van Walsum A D, Vierhout P A. Predictive value of the hip flexion test for fractures of the pelvis[J]. Injury,1996,27(8):543-544.
[8]Yugueros P, Sarmiento J M, Garcia A F, et al. Unnecessary use of pelvic x-ray in blunt trauma[J]. J Trauma,1995,39(4):722-725.
[9]Koury H I, Peschiera J L, Welling R E. Selective use of pelvic roentgenograms in blunt trauma patients[J]. J Trauma,1993,34(2):236-237.
[10]Gustavo P J, Coimbra R, Rasslan S, et al. The role of associated injuries on outcome of blunt trauma patients sustaining pelvic fractures[J]. Injury,2000,31(9):677-682.
[11]Chong K H, Decoster T, Osler T, et al. Pelvic fractures and mortality[J]. Iowa Orthop J,1997,17:110-114.
[12]Poole G V, Ward E F. Causes of mortality in patients with pelvic fractures[J]. Orthopedics,1994,17(8):691-696.
[13]Poole G V, Ward E F, Muakkassa F F, et al. Pelvic fracture from major blunt trauma. Outcome is determined by associated injuries[J]. Ann Surg,1991,213(6):532-538,538-539.
[14]Dalal S A, Burgess A R, Siegel J H, et al. Pelvic fracture in multiple trauma: classification by mechanism is key to pattern of organ injury, resuscitative requirements, and outcome[J]. J Trauma,1989,29(7):981-1000,1000-1002.
[15]Rothenberger D A, Fischer R P, Strate R G, et al. The mortality associated with pelvic fractures[J]. Surgery,1978,84(3):356-361.
[16]殷刚,丁磊,马建东,等.宁夏银川市骨盆骨折流行病学研究[J].宁夏医学杂志,2012,34(4)：324-325.
[17]翁阳华,欧耀芬,彭扬国,等.交通事故致骨盆骨折378例的流行病学特征及临床分析[J].按摩与导引,2008,24(7)：12-14.
[18]彭扬国,欧耀芬,翁阳华,等.骨盆骨折494例的流行病学特征及临床分析[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2007,22(6)：489-491.
[19]王瑞金,王钢,任义军,等.骨盆骨折的临床流行病学分析[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2007,9(4)：336-339.
[20]Demetriades D, Karaiskakis M, Toutouzas K, et al. Pelvic fractures: epidemiology and predictors of associated abdominal injuries and outcomes[J]. J Am Coll Surg,2002,195(1):1-10.
[21]Kelsey J L, Prill M M, Keegan T H, et al. Risk factors for pelvis fracture in older persons[J]. Am J Epidemiol,2005,162(9):879-886.
[22]Ragnarsson B, Jacobsson B. Epidemiology of pelvic fractures in a Swedish county [J]. Acta Orthop Scand,1992,63(3):297-300.
[23]O'Brien D P, Luchette F A, Pereira S J, et al. Pelvic fracture in the elderly is associated with increased mortality [J]. Surgery,2002,132(4):710-714,714-715.
[24]Henry S M, Pollak A N, Jones A L, et al. Pelvic fracture in geriatric patients: a distinct clinical entity[J]. J Trauma,2002,53(1):15-20.
[25]Morris R O, Sonibare A, Green D J, et al. Closed pelvic fractures: characteristics and outcomes in older patients admitted to medical and geriatric wards[J]. Postgrad Med J,2000,76(900):646-650.
[26]Moffatt C A, Mitter E L, Martinez R. Pelvic fractures crash vehicle indicators[J]. Accid Anal Prev,1990,22(6):561-569.
[27]Routt M J, Nork S E, Mills W J. High-energy pelvic ring disruptions [J]. Orthop Clin North Am,2002,33(1):59-72.
[28]Wardle N S, Haddad F S. Pelvic fractures and high energy traumas[J]. Hosp Med,2005,66(7):396-398.
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