城市天然气输配管网水力模拟研究与实践
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摘要
随着天然气事业的迅猛发展，我国的天然气管网建设规模不断壮大，城市天然气管网的监管越来越受到重视，并且城市天然气管网向智能化的方向发展。由于，管网实际运行水力工况对经济性、安全性及末端用气的稳定性有着极其重要的影响，因此，了解和掌握其水力工况对于整个管网的监测、管理和调控是必不可少的，对城市天然气管网模拟的研究也就显得异常重要。
传统的节点法进行稳态模拟结果的精度并不能完全满足城市天然气管网实际运行的需求，因此，为了保证模拟结果的精确度，计算程序采用精度更高、适用性更强的数据处理和参数选择方法。然后通过比较分析，选择适当的动态模拟方法，编制动态模拟计算程序，并且验证程序计算结果的准确性。
如今，城市天然气需求量不断增加，促使管网建设的规模化发展，管网结构越来越复杂，并且压力也越来越高，甚至达到超高压。而超高压管网的模拟必须考虑管路中燃气的可压缩性。本文通过对比几种压缩因子的计算方法，最终确定采用SHBWR状态方程法，同样，热力学参数的计算也采用SHBWR状态方程法。
另外，城市多气源天然气管网建设也成为发展的趋势，而多气源管网的模拟需要根据不同的气源情况进行分析，采用不同的处理方式计算。笔者利用模拟程序对规划的多气源城市天然气管网项目进行水力工况分析。提出未来各气源在管网系统中的适用性，并提出各气源的主要影响范围，有利于未来管网运行过程中，及时准确的应对各种状况提供依据。
最后，根据多气源天然气输气管网中各气源的供气量和水力模拟计算结果中的管段流量值，可以确定各种气源在各个管段及各个节点的气质组成，为供气单位的运行管理及对气价的制定提供理论依据和数据支持。
本课题的研究表明，模拟程序不仅可以应用于在用管网系统的模拟计算，分析管网运行水力工况，而且可以应用于规划的管网。对于未来管网运行工况的结果的分析对指导燃气管网的设计规划、优化运行及调控管理等方面具有明显的实用价值，对于中游供气模式及下游燃气用具适用性研究都有一定的指导意义。
With the rapid development of the natural gas, the scale of the construction ofnatural gas pipeline networks in China were growing more and more rapidly, and thesupervision of the city gas pipeline networks became more intelligent. The hydraulicconditions of the actual operations of the pipeline networks had were very importantimpact on the economy, security and stability for users. Therefore, it was very essentialto understanding and mastering the hydraulic conditions for monitoring, managing andregulation the condition of the entire pipeline networks, and it was also extremelyimportant to research the simulation of city gas pipeline networks.
The precision of the traditional node method for steady-state simulation had beenunable to meet the needs of the actual operation of city gas pipeline networks. Therefore,in order to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results, the calculation procedures needhigher accuracy, and applicability of stronger data processing and parameter selectionmethod. Then, the appropriate dynamic simulation method has been selected throughcomparative and analysis, and the accuracy of the program results was verified.
Today, the increasing demand for natural gas in the city was causing theconstruction of large-scale development of the pipeline networks, the pipeline networksstructures becoming increasingly complex, and the pressure getting higher and higher,even up to the ultra-high pressure. Since the simulation of the ultra-high pressurepipeline networks must consider the compressibility of gas in pipes. By comparingseveral compressions factor calculation methods, law of SHBWR equation state waschosed, and the same way of calculation the thermo dynamic parameters with SHBWRequation of state law.
In addition, the multiple gas sources of natural gas construction was a trend ofdevelopment of pipeline networks, so analysing of the simulation of multiple gassources pipeline networks depending on the differences of situation of gas sources, andproposing to adopt a different approach. Then, through using the simulation to project ofthe hydraulic conditions in urban planning pipeline network, the applicability of futuregas source in the pipe network system were proposed and analyzed, and the impact ofeach of the main gas sources range of future pipeline networks running process was firstproposed, which was accurate and timely respond to a variety of conditions and toprovide the basis.
Finally, according to the capacity of the source of the gas in the natural gas pipelinenetworks with multiple gas sources and hydraulic pipe flow calculation results, youcould determine the various gas sources in each pipe section and composition of eachnode, and also provide the theoretical basis and data support for the operation of the gassupply management and the formulation of the gas price.
This subject of research shows that the simulation program can be applied not onlyin using pipeline network systems simulation, analysing the running pipe networkshydraulic conditions, and can be also applied to the pipeline network which wasplanning. Analysing of the results of the operating conditions of the pipe network,guiding the designing and planning of the gas pipeline network to optimize theoperation and regulation management has obvious practical value, with the applicabilitystudy has been certain to guide significance for midstream gas supply mode anddownstream gas.
传统的节点法进行稳态模拟结果的精度并不能完全满足城市天然气管网实际运行的需求，因此，为了保证模拟结果的精确度，计算程序采用精度更高、适用性更强的数据处理和参数选择方法。然后通过比较分析，选择适当的动态模拟方法，编制动态模拟计算程序，并且验证程序计算结果的准确性。
如今，城市天然气需求量不断增加，促使管网建设的规模化发展，管网结构越来越复杂，并且压力也越来越高，甚至达到超高压。而超高压管网的模拟必须考虑管路中燃气的可压缩性。本文通过对比几种压缩因子的计算方法，最终确定采用SHBWR状态方程法，同样，热力学参数的计算也采用SHBWR状态方程法。
另外，城市多气源天然气管网建设也成为发展的趋势，而多气源管网的模拟需要根据不同的气源情况进行分析，采用不同的处理方式计算。笔者利用模拟程序对规划的多气源城市天然气管网项目进行水力工况分析。提出未来各气源在管网系统中的适用性，并提出各气源的主要影响范围，有利于未来管网运行过程中，及时准确的应对各种状况提供依据。
最后，根据多气源天然气输气管网中各气源的供气量和水力模拟计算结果中的管段流量值，可以确定各种气源在各个管段及各个节点的气质组成，为供气单位的运行管理及对气价的制定提供理论依据和数据支持。
本课题的研究表明，模拟程序不仅可以应用于在用管网系统的模拟计算，分析管网运行水力工况，而且可以应用于规划的管网。对于未来管网运行工况的结果的分析对指导燃气管网的设计规划、优化运行及调控管理等方面具有明显的实用价值，对于中游供气模式及下游燃气用具适用性研究都有一定的指导意义。
With the rapid development of the natural gas, the scale of the construction ofnatural gas pipeline networks in China were growing more and more rapidly, and thesupervision of the city gas pipeline networks became more intelligent. The hydraulicconditions of the actual operations of the pipeline networks had were very importantimpact on the economy, security and stability for users. Therefore, it was very essentialto understanding and mastering the hydraulic conditions for monitoring, managing andregulation the condition of the entire pipeline networks, and it was also extremelyimportant to research the simulation of city gas pipeline networks.
The precision of the traditional node method for steady-state simulation had beenunable to meet the needs of the actual operation of city gas pipeline networks. Therefore,in order to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results, the calculation procedures needhigher accuracy, and applicability of stronger data processing and parameter selectionmethod. Then, the appropriate dynamic simulation method has been selected throughcomparative and analysis, and the accuracy of the program results was verified.
Today, the increasing demand for natural gas in the city was causing theconstruction of large-scale development of the pipeline networks, the pipeline networksstructures becoming increasingly complex, and the pressure getting higher and higher,even up to the ultra-high pressure. Since the simulation of the ultra-high pressurepipeline networks must consider the compressibility of gas in pipes. By comparingseveral compressions factor calculation methods, law of SHBWR equation state waschosed, and the same way of calculation the thermo dynamic parameters with SHBWRequation of state law.
In addition, the multiple gas sources of natural gas construction was a trend ofdevelopment of pipeline networks, so analysing of the simulation of multiple gassources pipeline networks depending on the differences of situation of gas sources, andproposing to adopt a different approach. Then, through using the simulation to project ofthe hydraulic conditions in urban planning pipeline network, the applicability of futuregas source in the pipe network system were proposed and analyzed, and the impact ofeach of the main gas sources range of future pipeline networks running process was firstproposed, which was accurate and timely respond to a variety of conditions and toprovide the basis.
Finally, according to the capacity of the source of the gas in the natural gas pipelinenetworks with multiple gas sources and hydraulic pipe flow calculation results, youcould determine the various gas sources in each pipe section and composition of eachnode, and also provide the theoretical basis and data support for the operation of the gassupply management and the formulation of the gas price.
This subject of research shows that the simulation program can be applied not onlyin using pipeline network systems simulation, analysing the running pipe networkshydraulic conditions, and can be also applied to the pipeline network which wasplanning. Analysing of the results of the operating conditions of the pipe network,guiding the designing and planning of the gas pipeline network to optimize theoperation and regulation management has obvious practical value, with the applicabilitystudy has been certain to guide significance for midstream gas supply mode anddownstream gas.
引文
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