水润滑橡胶合金轴承混合润滑分析与动力学性能优化
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摘要
本课题来源于国家国防基础科研项目和国家自然科学基金项目“大尺寸水润滑橡胶合金轴承振动噪声机理与可靠性研究”（51175521），主要针对国内外大中型船舶推进系统润滑油泄漏污染江河湖海水资源环境日趋严重现状，以及我国水中航行器及水中兵器等推进系统迫切需要解决的减振降噪、安全可靠等共性关键科技问题，在集成重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室基于新型工程复合材料的高效传动系统等10多项相关技术发明专利成果和国内外相关研究基础上，以多场耦合条件下高可靠低噪声水润滑橡胶合金轴承为研究对象，开展了水润滑橡胶轴承混合润滑行为及其承载与失效机理，水膜动态特性，水润滑橡胶合金轴承系统摩擦噪声机理以及实验研究，揭示了水润滑橡胶合金轴承多曲面多纵向沟槽润滑结构（沟槽数量、沟槽半径和沟槽过度圆弧半径）、橡胶厚度、橡胶硬度、弹性模量、长径比等对润滑特性和摩擦噪声的影响规律，为提出高可靠、长寿命、低噪声、无污染等高性能水润滑橡胶合金轴承及系统的创新设计理论、方法和技术，培育新的环保产业和经济增长点奠定关键科学技术基础。主要研究内容如下：
（1）针对水润滑橡胶合金轴承多曲面多纵向沟槽的几何结构以及橡胶低弹性模量等特点，建立了考虑多曲面多纵向沟槽润滑结构、橡胶弹性变形、表面粗糙度以及温度等多因素的水润滑橡胶合金轴承混合润滑模型。根据水润滑橡胶合金轴承实际工况，建立与之相适应的边界条件，并提出该模型的数值求解方法。
（2）在建立的混合润滑模型基础上，分析了水润滑橡胶合金轴承水膜压力、水膜厚度以及温度分布，并研究转速、载荷、沟槽几何结构（数量、沟槽圆弧半径和沟槽过度圆弧半径）、轴承间隙、橡胶弹性模量、表面粗糙度等多场耦合条件下多因素对水润滑橡胶合金轴承混合润滑性能的影响，掌握了水润滑橡胶合金轴承混合润滑行为，揭示其承载、润滑与失效机理。
（3）基于不定常雷诺方程，考虑了多曲面多圆弧沟槽的润滑结构和橡胶变形，推导了水润滑橡胶合金轴承动态雷诺方程，并给出了水膜动态刚度和动态阻尼的计算表达式。在此基础上，研究了载荷、转速、供水压力、水槽结构、长径比、轴承间隙等对水膜动态特性的影响规律，为水润滑橡胶合金轴承稳定性分析提供了理论基础。
（4）阐述了机械摩擦系统的摩擦噪声机理，建立了水润滑橡胶合金轴承动力学模型，并运用有限元法进行了水润滑橡胶合金轴承复模态分析，通过阻尼比来判断水润滑橡胶合金轴承系统的稳定性，进而揭示了水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦噪声机理。研究了不同摩擦系数、速度、载荷、橡胶硬度、水槽数量以及橡胶厚度对摩擦噪声的影响规律，进而提出了低噪声水润滑橡胶合金轴承优化设计方法。
（5）针对目前国内外水润滑橡胶轴承实验手段落后以及相关实验台存在的不足，本文发明并研制出多场耦合条件下的水润滑橡胶合金轴承及传动系统综合性能实验平台。该实验平台具有不同频率激振力、速度、水介质环境等多场耦合条件下，水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦系数、水膜压力、水膜厚度、轴心轨迹、动态刚度和阻尼、振动噪声等实验功能。并且，利用该实验台进行了相关实验，实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性，为提出多场耦合条件下的低噪声高可靠水润滑橡胶合金轴承创新设计理论和方法提供实验条件。
The thesis work is based on the projects “Research of the vibration and noisemechanism and reliability on the large-size water lubricated rubber alloy bearing”which had been supported by National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program ofChina and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51175521). Due tothe water pollution of river and sea by oil leakage of marine propulsion system isgetting worse, along with the common and key technology issues that need to be solvedurgently of vibration and noise reducing, safe and reliable, and energy and emissionreduction for the marine propulsion system of submarines, aircraft carrier and anechoicsubmarines, the high reliable and low noise water lubricated rubber alloy bearing undercoupling multi-field effect is studied based on the over10technological patents forinvention related to the high efficient transmission system based on the new-typecomposite material of the state key laboratory of mechanical transmission of chongqinguniversity and other relevant research results. The mixed lubricating behavior alongwith the load capacity and failure mechanism, water film dynamic characteristic andfriction and noise mechanism are studied, and some related experiments are conducted,in order to evaluate the influences of lubricating structure with multi-surfaces axialgrooves (including the grooves number, grooves radius and grooves fillet radius), rubberlayer thickness, rubber hardness and elastic modulus, L/D ratio et al on the lubricatingcharacteristic and friction noise of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing. The results layscientific and technological foundation for proposing the creative designing theory,method and technology on high-performance water lubricated rubber alloy bearing andtransmission systems and developing the new sources of environmental protectionindustries and economic growth. The research contents as follows:
(1) A mixed lubrication model for water lubricated rubber alloy bearing isconducted considering the effects of lubricating structure with multi-surfaces axialgrooves, elastic deformation, surface roughness and thermal. Meanwhile the numericalsolution is developed according to the actual operation conditions.
(2) The distribution of water film pressure, thickness and thermal are studied basedon the mixed lubricated model to evaluate the influences of speed, load, groovesstructure (including the grooves number, grooves radius and grooves fillet radius),rubber elasticity modulus, the bearing clearance and surface roughness on the mixed lubricating performance of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing under couplingmulti-field effect. The results reveal the mixed lubrication action and load capacity andfailure mechanism of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
(3) The dynamic Reynolds equation considering the rubber deformation andlubricating structure with multi-curve groove based on the unsteady flows has beenderived. And the governing equation of water film dynamic stiffness and damping arepresented. On this basis, the influences of the load, speed, supply pressure, groovegeometry, aspect ratios and the bearing clearance on the water film dynamiccharacteristics are studied. The results will be the theoretical basis of steady analysis ofwater lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
(4) The friction noise mechanism of the mechanical tribology system is studied toestablish the dynamic model for water lubricated rubber alloy bearing. And the complexmode of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing are analysed using the finite elementmethod to evaluate the stability and friction noise mechanism of water lubricated rubberalloy bearing. Furthermore, the influences of friction coefficient, speed, load, rubberhardness, grooves number and rubber thickness on the friction noise distribution arestudied to propose the optimal design method of low noise water lubricated rubber alloyrubber bearing.
(5) The synthesis experiment platform of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing hasbeen developed aiming to advance the experiment method and condition consideringmulti field coupling issue. It is excellent to do the experiments of friction coefficient,water film pressure, water film thickness, axis trace, dynamic stiffness and damping andvibrating noise et al, considering the different frequency of exciting force, speed, waterenvironment. In addition, the related experiments are done that validate the correct oftheoretical analysis. Therefore, the experiment platform can provide the experimentalconditions for studying the innovative design theory and method of the multi-fieldcoupling water lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
（1）针对水润滑橡胶合金轴承多曲面多纵向沟槽的几何结构以及橡胶低弹性模量等特点，建立了考虑多曲面多纵向沟槽润滑结构、橡胶弹性变形、表面粗糙度以及温度等多因素的水润滑橡胶合金轴承混合润滑模型。根据水润滑橡胶合金轴承实际工况，建立与之相适应的边界条件，并提出该模型的数值求解方法。
（2）在建立的混合润滑模型基础上，分析了水润滑橡胶合金轴承水膜压力、水膜厚度以及温度分布，并研究转速、载荷、沟槽几何结构（数量、沟槽圆弧半径和沟槽过度圆弧半径）、轴承间隙、橡胶弹性模量、表面粗糙度等多场耦合条件下多因素对水润滑橡胶合金轴承混合润滑性能的影响，掌握了水润滑橡胶合金轴承混合润滑行为，揭示其承载、润滑与失效机理。
（3）基于不定常雷诺方程，考虑了多曲面多圆弧沟槽的润滑结构和橡胶变形，推导了水润滑橡胶合金轴承动态雷诺方程，并给出了水膜动态刚度和动态阻尼的计算表达式。在此基础上，研究了载荷、转速、供水压力、水槽结构、长径比、轴承间隙等对水膜动态特性的影响规律，为水润滑橡胶合金轴承稳定性分析提供了理论基础。
（4）阐述了机械摩擦系统的摩擦噪声机理，建立了水润滑橡胶合金轴承动力学模型，并运用有限元法进行了水润滑橡胶合金轴承复模态分析，通过阻尼比来判断水润滑橡胶合金轴承系统的稳定性，进而揭示了水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦噪声机理。研究了不同摩擦系数、速度、载荷、橡胶硬度、水槽数量以及橡胶厚度对摩擦噪声的影响规律，进而提出了低噪声水润滑橡胶合金轴承优化设计方法。
（5）针对目前国内外水润滑橡胶轴承实验手段落后以及相关实验台存在的不足，本文发明并研制出多场耦合条件下的水润滑橡胶合金轴承及传动系统综合性能实验平台。该实验平台具有不同频率激振力、速度、水介质环境等多场耦合条件下，水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦系数、水膜压力、水膜厚度、轴心轨迹、动态刚度和阻尼、振动噪声等实验功能。并且，利用该实验台进行了相关实验，实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性，为提出多场耦合条件下的低噪声高可靠水润滑橡胶合金轴承创新设计理论和方法提供实验条件。
The thesis work is based on the projects “Research of the vibration and noisemechanism and reliability on the large-size water lubricated rubber alloy bearing”which had been supported by National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program ofChina and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51175521). Due tothe water pollution of river and sea by oil leakage of marine propulsion system isgetting worse, along with the common and key technology issues that need to be solvedurgently of vibration and noise reducing, safe and reliable, and energy and emissionreduction for the marine propulsion system of submarines, aircraft carrier and anechoicsubmarines, the high reliable and low noise water lubricated rubber alloy bearing undercoupling multi-field effect is studied based on the over10technological patents forinvention related to the high efficient transmission system based on the new-typecomposite material of the state key laboratory of mechanical transmission of chongqinguniversity and other relevant research results. The mixed lubricating behavior alongwith the load capacity and failure mechanism, water film dynamic characteristic andfriction and noise mechanism are studied, and some related experiments are conducted,in order to evaluate the influences of lubricating structure with multi-surfaces axialgrooves (including the grooves number, grooves radius and grooves fillet radius), rubberlayer thickness, rubber hardness and elastic modulus, L/D ratio et al on the lubricatingcharacteristic and friction noise of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing. The results layscientific and technological foundation for proposing the creative designing theory,method and technology on high-performance water lubricated rubber alloy bearing andtransmission systems and developing the new sources of environmental protectionindustries and economic growth. The research contents as follows:
(1) A mixed lubrication model for water lubricated rubber alloy bearing isconducted considering the effects of lubricating structure with multi-surfaces axialgrooves, elastic deformation, surface roughness and thermal. Meanwhile the numericalsolution is developed according to the actual operation conditions.
(2) The distribution of water film pressure, thickness and thermal are studied basedon the mixed lubricated model to evaluate the influences of speed, load, groovesstructure (including the grooves number, grooves radius and grooves fillet radius),rubber elasticity modulus, the bearing clearance and surface roughness on the mixed lubricating performance of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing under couplingmulti-field effect. The results reveal the mixed lubrication action and load capacity andfailure mechanism of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
(3) The dynamic Reynolds equation considering the rubber deformation andlubricating structure with multi-curve groove based on the unsteady flows has beenderived. And the governing equation of water film dynamic stiffness and damping arepresented. On this basis, the influences of the load, speed, supply pressure, groovegeometry, aspect ratios and the bearing clearance on the water film dynamiccharacteristics are studied. The results will be the theoretical basis of steady analysis ofwater lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
(4) The friction noise mechanism of the mechanical tribology system is studied toestablish the dynamic model for water lubricated rubber alloy bearing. And the complexmode of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing are analysed using the finite elementmethod to evaluate the stability and friction noise mechanism of water lubricated rubberalloy bearing. Furthermore, the influences of friction coefficient, speed, load, rubberhardness, grooves number and rubber thickness on the friction noise distribution arestudied to propose the optimal design method of low noise water lubricated rubber alloyrubber bearing.
(5) The synthesis experiment platform of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing hasbeen developed aiming to advance the experiment method and condition consideringmulti field coupling issue. It is excellent to do the experiments of friction coefficient,water film pressure, water film thickness, axis trace, dynamic stiffness and damping andvibrating noise et al, considering the different frequency of exciting force, speed, waterenvironment. In addition, the related experiments are done that validate the correct oftheoretical analysis. Therefore, the experiment platform can provide the experimentalconditions for studying the innovative design theory and method of the multi-fieldcoupling water lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
引文
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