分布式协作网络架构资源高效利用方案研究
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摘要
分布式协作网络架构,作为有效抑制无线通信系统小区间干扰,降低系统能耗的有效手段,被认为是第四代(4G)及未来无线通信系统的主要网络架构之一。针对分布式协作网络架构中的资源分配问题,本文以系统传输速率、用户公平性效用、加权速率和等以容量导向的传统性能指标,以及系统能量效率的绿色通信系统指标,对不同场景下的资源高效利用方案展开研究。主要工作如下：
1.算法效率提高的单小区协作分集功率分配方案
针对下行正交频分复用(OFDM)分布式协作网络架构下最大化协作传输速率的功率分配问题,基于优化理论,提出一种低复杂度最优功率分配算法,在获得最优的传输速率的同时,将现有方案中随子信道数目呈指数增长的算法复杂度降低为多项式时间级别；进一步的,通过多无线接入点(AP)间功率迭代,提出一种近似线性复杂度次优功率分配算法,可获得近似最优的传输速率性能,大大提高了协作传输功率分配方案的算法效率。
2.公平性效用优化的多小区协作分集场景的资源分配方案
基于协作多点CoMP标准化中协作集合的概念,以协作比例公平调度与多小区二值功率分配为基础,在同时考虑协作调度(CS)及联合传输(JT)的情况下,提出一种两阶段分布式协作网络架构多小区协作资源分配方案,同时提高小区边缘与小区平均用户性能,克服了已有方案以牺牲小区平均性能为代价来提升小区边缘性能的问题,有效提高系统整体公平性效用。
3.多资源利用率联合优化的多小区协作波束赋形资源分配
基于采用协作波束赋形的分布式协作网络架构,针对用户分组、子信道、功率多资源联合优化问题,首先运用对偶分解理论,得到一种复杂度随子信道数呈先线性增长的迭代算法；其次,通过在对偶域引入贪婪搜索算法,将复杂度进一步降低为随小区数呈线性增长。仿真表明,相比各自独立优化的方案,所提多资源联合算法在有效降低复杂度的同时,带来了显著的性能提升,从而有效提升多资源联合利用率。
4.单小区协作分集场景下的最优能效分析
针对分布式协作网络架构的能效分析问题,以单小区协作分集为协作场景,基于广义凸函数理论及参数规划理论,分别对接收分集及发送分集场景,求解能效最优化的非线性分数规划问题,分析系统可获得的最优能效上限,推导达到能效上限时的功率分配表达式,证明在AP最大发射功率约束足够大的情况下,原多AP协作传输系统下能效分析问题可以转化为等效的单AP传输系统能效优化问题。
本文从上述四个方面对分布式协作网络架构下的资源高效利用方案进行了研究,解决了复杂度降低、小区边缘／平均性能同时提升及多资源联合优化问题等理论问题,并对协作网络架构下的能效问题进行了探索分析。目前,分布式协作网络架构已经在4G标准化工作中被确定为主要网络架构之一,上述研究工作已部分作为标准化提案提交相关标准化组织,并形成了技术发明专利。
As a key approach of inter-cell interference mitigation and system energy saving, the Distributed Coordinated Network (DCN) is considered as the one of the main architectures of4G system. Based on the different scenarios in the DCN, this dissertation focus on the efficient resource allocation problems, aiming at improvement of both traditional capacity-oriented requirements, such as transmission rate, fairness utility and weighted sum rates, and energy-oriented requirements, such as energy efficiency. The main results are listed as follows:
1) Power allocation improving algorithm efficiency with single cell coordinated diversity.
The transmission rate maximizing problem is addressed in the downlink OFDM DCN. Based on the optimization theories, an optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed, which reduces the exponomial complexity of existing work to a polynomial complexiy with respect to the subchannel number. Furthermore, by power iteration between multiple APs, another algorithm with a nearly linear complexity is proposed, achieving a performance very close to the optimum, which makes the scheme more practical.
2) Fairness utility improvement in multicell DCN with coordinated diversity.
According to the definitions of coordinated cells sets in CoMP standardization, a two-phase resource allocation strategy is proposed based on the coordinated proportional fair (PF) scheduling and the binary power allocation. By combining both the coordinated scheduling and the joint transmission, the proposed scheme achieves improvement in both cell-edge and cell-average performance, comparing with the single cell PF.
3) Multiple resource joint optimization in multicell system with coordinated multi-antenna beamforming.
For the multicell DCN with zero-forcing beamforming, the jointly optimizing problem among user grouping, subchannel and power allocation. By the dual decomposition, an iterative algorithm is proposed with a linear complexity with respect to the subchannel number. Then, another algorithm is proposed with a linear complexity with respect to both the subchannel number and the cell number, by introducing the greedy users selection into the dual problem. The simulation results demonstrate that, thanks to the joint optimization, the prosed schemes achieve a significant performance improvement, at the cost of a low complexity.
4) Energy efficiency analysis with single cell coordinated diversity.
The energy efficiencies are analyzed in the DCN with single cell coordinated diversity. Based on the generalized convexity theory and parametric programming, the nonlinear fractional problems are solved optimizing the energy efficiencies for both the coordinated MRC diversity and coherent transmission diversity. The optimal energy efficiencies are derived, along with the corresponding power allocation algorithms. And it is proved that, when the power constraint on each AP is sufficient large, the orignal problems in the DCN could be reduced to an equivalent problem in a single AP transmission system.
Based on the above4aspects, this dissertation addressed the highly efficient resource allocation problem in DCNs, and proposed low-complexity algorithms to instantenously improve the performance of both cell-edge and cell-average, and to jointly optimize multi-dimension resources. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of DCN is investigated theoretically, deriving the optimal bound. Right now, the DCN has been promised to be the one of the main architectures in4G standardization. And a part of above works have been submitted to the corresponding standard organizations, while some of them also been used to apply for the technical patents.
1.算法效率提高的单小区协作分集功率分配方案
针对下行正交频分复用(OFDM)分布式协作网络架构下最大化协作传输速率的功率分配问题,基于优化理论,提出一种低复杂度最优功率分配算法,在获得最优的传输速率的同时,将现有方案中随子信道数目呈指数增长的算法复杂度降低为多项式时间级别；进一步的,通过多无线接入点(AP)间功率迭代,提出一种近似线性复杂度次优功率分配算法,可获得近似最优的传输速率性能,大大提高了协作传输功率分配方案的算法效率。
2.公平性效用优化的多小区协作分集场景的资源分配方案
基于协作多点CoMP标准化中协作集合的概念,以协作比例公平调度与多小区二值功率分配为基础,在同时考虑协作调度(CS)及联合传输(JT)的情况下,提出一种两阶段分布式协作网络架构多小区协作资源分配方案,同时提高小区边缘与小区平均用户性能,克服了已有方案以牺牲小区平均性能为代价来提升小区边缘性能的问题,有效提高系统整体公平性效用。
3.多资源利用率联合优化的多小区协作波束赋形资源分配
基于采用协作波束赋形的分布式协作网络架构,针对用户分组、子信道、功率多资源联合优化问题,首先运用对偶分解理论,得到一种复杂度随子信道数呈先线性增长的迭代算法；其次,通过在对偶域引入贪婪搜索算法,将复杂度进一步降低为随小区数呈线性增长。仿真表明,相比各自独立优化的方案,所提多资源联合算法在有效降低复杂度的同时,带来了显著的性能提升,从而有效提升多资源联合利用率。
4.单小区协作分集场景下的最优能效分析
针对分布式协作网络架构的能效分析问题,以单小区协作分集为协作场景,基于广义凸函数理论及参数规划理论,分别对接收分集及发送分集场景,求解能效最优化的非线性分数规划问题,分析系统可获得的最优能效上限,推导达到能效上限时的功率分配表达式,证明在AP最大发射功率约束足够大的情况下,原多AP协作传输系统下能效分析问题可以转化为等效的单AP传输系统能效优化问题。
本文从上述四个方面对分布式协作网络架构下的资源高效利用方案进行了研究,解决了复杂度降低、小区边缘／平均性能同时提升及多资源联合优化问题等理论问题,并对协作网络架构下的能效问题进行了探索分析。目前,分布式协作网络架构已经在4G标准化工作中被确定为主要网络架构之一,上述研究工作已部分作为标准化提案提交相关标准化组织,并形成了技术发明专利。
As a key approach of inter-cell interference mitigation and system energy saving, the Distributed Coordinated Network (DCN) is considered as the one of the main architectures of4G system. Based on the different scenarios in the DCN, this dissertation focus on the efficient resource allocation problems, aiming at improvement of both traditional capacity-oriented requirements, such as transmission rate, fairness utility and weighted sum rates, and energy-oriented requirements, such as energy efficiency. The main results are listed as follows:
1) Power allocation improving algorithm efficiency with single cell coordinated diversity.
The transmission rate maximizing problem is addressed in the downlink OFDM DCN. Based on the optimization theories, an optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed, which reduces the exponomial complexity of existing work to a polynomial complexiy with respect to the subchannel number. Furthermore, by power iteration between multiple APs, another algorithm with a nearly linear complexity is proposed, achieving a performance very close to the optimum, which makes the scheme more practical.
2) Fairness utility improvement in multicell DCN with coordinated diversity.
According to the definitions of coordinated cells sets in CoMP standardization, a two-phase resource allocation strategy is proposed based on the coordinated proportional fair (PF) scheduling and the binary power allocation. By combining both the coordinated scheduling and the joint transmission, the proposed scheme achieves improvement in both cell-edge and cell-average performance, comparing with the single cell PF.
3) Multiple resource joint optimization in multicell system with coordinated multi-antenna beamforming.
For the multicell DCN with zero-forcing beamforming, the jointly optimizing problem among user grouping, subchannel and power allocation. By the dual decomposition, an iterative algorithm is proposed with a linear complexity with respect to the subchannel number. Then, another algorithm is proposed with a linear complexity with respect to both the subchannel number and the cell number, by introducing the greedy users selection into the dual problem. The simulation results demonstrate that, thanks to the joint optimization, the prosed schemes achieve a significant performance improvement, at the cost of a low complexity.
4) Energy efficiency analysis with single cell coordinated diversity.
The energy efficiencies are analyzed in the DCN with single cell coordinated diversity. Based on the generalized convexity theory and parametric programming, the nonlinear fractional problems are solved optimizing the energy efficiencies for both the coordinated MRC diversity and coherent transmission diversity. The optimal energy efficiencies are derived, along with the corresponding power allocation algorithms. And it is proved that, when the power constraint on each AP is sufficient large, the orignal problems in the DCN could be reduced to an equivalent problem in a single AP transmission system.
Based on the above4aspects, this dissertation addressed the highly efficient resource allocation problem in DCNs, and proposed low-complexity algorithms to instantenously improve the performance of both cell-edge and cell-average, and to jointly optimize multi-dimension resources. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of DCN is investigated theoretically, deriving the optimal bound. Right now, the DCN has been promised to be the one of the main architectures in4G standardization. And a part of above works have been submitted to the corresponding standard organizations, while some of them also been used to apply for the technical patents.
引文
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