水稻抗纹枯病资源的筛选及相关数量性状位点定位
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摘要
由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的纹枯病,是一种侵染严重并广泛传播的真菌病害,寄主范围包括水稻在内的多种作物。筛选具有多样遗传背景的抗性资源,并通过育种手段选育抗纹枯病品种是控制病害发生的最终手段。本次研究中,我们利用一种微室法对来自于114个国家的1794份美国农业部水稻核心种质资源库材料的纹枯病抗性进行了鉴定。使用72个分子标记得到相关基因型数据。与纹枯病高抗品种Jasmine85相比,我们鉴定到了52份材料在显著性水平5%上表现更抗,其中,17份材料在1%的显著性水平上表现抗性。这些抗性资源来自与9个地区的26个国家,它们在13个表型特征上都表现出了多样性。所有的抗性资源均来自于水稻栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)。利用72个分子标记的遗传分析表明,45份(87%)抗性资源属于籼稻亚群,3个来源于澳洲稻,2个来自于香稻,以及各有1份来自于温带和热带粳稻。育种家们可以利用这些研究发现选择相应的抗纹枯病资源以培育抗性品种。
在对纹枯病抗性数量基因定位的研究中,目前还没有利用关联图谱分析在自然种质资源中挖掘新型抗性位点的报道。本次实验的第二章节将利用这一作图方法,以217份美国农业部水稻微核心资源为群体,结合微室表型鉴定法,定位纹枯病抗性基因位点。群体结构分析将作图群体分为5个亚群,模型适合度分析表明在基因组控制下的PCA5模型为关联分析最适模型。结果,位于7条染色体上的10个分子标记位点被鉴定到与纹枯病抗性高度相关。在每个关联分子标记中,具有最高抗性效应的等位位点被定义为‘抗性等位位点’。在217份材料中,GSOR310389含有最多的抗性等位位点(8个)。研究发现,每个材料所含的抗性等位位点数目与其纹枯病抗性评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.535)。含有多个抗性等位位点的抗性资源均来自籼稻亚群,符合前人对纹枯病抗性资源多来源于籼稻的观察结论。以上研究表明,利用分子标记辅助育种,在一个品种中累积抗性等位位点数目将有助于提高其纹枯病抗性水平。
Sheath blight (ShB), caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most important and widely distributed diseases capable of infesting numerous crops including rice (Oryza sativa L.). Resistant germplasm with wide variation is essential for controlling this disease via breeding efforts, and genetic background helps design breeding strategies. We used the micro-chamber method to evaluatethe USD A rice core collection, including1794accessions from114countries for ShB resistance. Seventy-two molecular markers were used for genotyping. Compared with Jasmine85which has been recognized as one of the most resistant germplasm accessions,52accessions were significantly more resistant at the5%level of probability, and of these17were more resistant at the1%level of probability. The resistant accessions originated from26countries in nine geographic regions, and are diversified for13phenotypic characteristics. The resistant accessions all belonged to the cultivated species O. sativa. Genetic analysis using72molecular markers revealed that45resistant accessions (87%) were indica type that were further classified in two groups. Three accessions were identified as A US, two as aromatic and one each as temperate japonica and tropical japonica. Breeders could use these findings to choose ShB resistant accessions for cultivar improvement.
Global attention has focused on examining individual mapping populations for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ShB resistance, but to date no study has taken advantage of association mapping to examine hundreds of lines for potentially novel QTLs. Our objective was to identify ShB QTLs via association mapping in rice using217entries of the USDA rice mini-core collection, which were phenotyped with a micro-chamber screening methodand genotyped with155genome-wide markers. Structural analysis divided the mapping panel into five groups, and model comparison revealed that PCA5with a genomic control was the best model for association mapping of ShB. Ten marker loci on seven chromosomes were significantly associated with response to ShB. Among multiple alleles in each identified locus, the allele with the greatest resistance was named the resistant allele. Among217entries, entry GSOR310389had the most resistant alleles, eight out of ten. The number of resistant alleles contained in an entry was highly and significantly correlated with the decrease of ShB rating (r=-0.535) or the increase of ShB resistance. The majority of the resistant entries that contained a large number of the resistant alleles belonged to indica, which is consistent with the general observation that most ShB resistant rice accessions are of indica origin. These findings demonstrate the potential to improve breeding efficiency by using marker-assisted selection to pyramid resistant alleles from various loci in a cultivar for enhanced ShB resistance.
在对纹枯病抗性数量基因定位的研究中,目前还没有利用关联图谱分析在自然种质资源中挖掘新型抗性位点的报道。本次实验的第二章节将利用这一作图方法,以217份美国农业部水稻微核心资源为群体,结合微室表型鉴定法,定位纹枯病抗性基因位点。群体结构分析将作图群体分为5个亚群,模型适合度分析表明在基因组控制下的PCA5模型为关联分析最适模型。结果,位于7条染色体上的10个分子标记位点被鉴定到与纹枯病抗性高度相关。在每个关联分子标记中,具有最高抗性效应的等位位点被定义为‘抗性等位位点’。在217份材料中,GSOR310389含有最多的抗性等位位点(8个)。研究发现,每个材料所含的抗性等位位点数目与其纹枯病抗性评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.535)。含有多个抗性等位位点的抗性资源均来自籼稻亚群,符合前人对纹枯病抗性资源多来源于籼稻的观察结论。以上研究表明,利用分子标记辅助育种,在一个品种中累积抗性等位位点数目将有助于提高其纹枯病抗性水平。
Sheath blight (ShB), caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most important and widely distributed diseases capable of infesting numerous crops including rice (Oryza sativa L.). Resistant germplasm with wide variation is essential for controlling this disease via breeding efforts, and genetic background helps design breeding strategies. We used the micro-chamber method to evaluatethe USD A rice core collection, including1794accessions from114countries for ShB resistance. Seventy-two molecular markers were used for genotyping. Compared with Jasmine85which has been recognized as one of the most resistant germplasm accessions,52accessions were significantly more resistant at the5%level of probability, and of these17were more resistant at the1%level of probability. The resistant accessions originated from26countries in nine geographic regions, and are diversified for13phenotypic characteristics. The resistant accessions all belonged to the cultivated species O. sativa. Genetic analysis using72molecular markers revealed that45resistant accessions (87%) were indica type that were further classified in two groups. Three accessions were identified as A US, two as aromatic and one each as temperate japonica and tropical japonica. Breeders could use these findings to choose ShB resistant accessions for cultivar improvement.
Global attention has focused on examining individual mapping populations for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ShB resistance, but to date no study has taken advantage of association mapping to examine hundreds of lines for potentially novel QTLs. Our objective was to identify ShB QTLs via association mapping in rice using217entries of the USDA rice mini-core collection, which were phenotyped with a micro-chamber screening methodand genotyped with155genome-wide markers. Structural analysis divided the mapping panel into five groups, and model comparison revealed that PCA5with a genomic control was the best model for association mapping of ShB. Ten marker loci on seven chromosomes were significantly associated with response to ShB. Among multiple alleles in each identified locus, the allele with the greatest resistance was named the resistant allele. Among217entries, entry GSOR310389had the most resistant alleles, eight out of ten. The number of resistant alleles contained in an entry was highly and significantly correlated with the decrease of ShB rating (r=-0.535) or the increase of ShB resistance. The majority of the resistant entries that contained a large number of the resistant alleles belonged to indica, which is consistent with the general observation that most ShB resistant rice accessions are of indica origin. These findings demonstrate the potential to improve breeding efficiency by using marker-assisted selection to pyramid resistant alleles from various loci in a cultivar for enhanced ShB resistance.
引文
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