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中国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系研究
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摘要
近年来,由于美国次贷危机和欧债危机的影响,全世界的金融与实体经济都受到了不同程度的影响。面对这场史无前例的经济危机,绝大部分国家和地方政府通过利用国债和地方债等财政投融资方式,稳定和推动经济的发展并改善资源的优化配置和经济结构的调整,中国自然也不例外,利用财政投融资的手段着重对基础设施、关键产业、农业、高新科技、西部开发等领域进行了投资,在经济危机的大背景下,取得了明显的效果。回顾改革开放三十多年来的历程,虽然我国所经历的内忧外患不胜枚举,但可以肯定的是,我国的经济仍能保持健康平稳的发展,财政投融资起到了举足轻重的作用。然而,在我国转变经济发展方式,进行结构调整的关键时期,如何将财政投融资这一手段运用好,充分发挥调控经济、优化资源配置的特点,从而促进结构转型与发展方式的转变,持续改善民生,真正创建“美丽中国”,圆我们共同的“中国梦”就成了人们关注的焦点。基于此,本文针对我国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系的视角进行研究,力图通过建立起一套科学有效的财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系,对现阶段我国财政投融资资金的绩效状况做以考量,并最终为提高财政投融资资金的使用效率做出贡献。
     本文以财政投融资绩效的相关范畴和理论为切入点,系统介绍了财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的研究现状并对其研究趋势和重点进行总结,并通过对我国财政投融资资金运用绩效的不同发展阶段与现状的梳理,归纳出我国目前在财政投融资资金运用绩效评价方面所存在的问题,然后,通过对国外几个典型国家在财政投融资领域绩效评估的经验介绍,为下面构建与完善我国的财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系做铺垫,之后,根据国内外在不同领域的财政投融资实践和绩效评价的经验方法,从我国经济的实际情况出发,搭建起我国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系框架并通过实证筛选的方法确定指标间的权重,最后,以案例研究的形式对所构建的财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系进行实证说明。
     本文主要运用了文献研究法、归纳演绎法、专家评议法、层次分析法和案例分析方法等多种研究方法对我国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系进行研究,具体通过六章来论述所研究的问题,分别为:绪论、理论基础、现状分析、经验借鉴、体系构建和案例研究。
     第一章为绪论。本章详细阐述了本文的研究背景、研究的理论意义与现实意义,并对现阶段国内外针对财政投融资资金运用绩效方面的研究进行了梳理和归纳;第二章主要分析了财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的范畴和相关概念进行了界定并对财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的相关理论,诸如资源配置理论、委托—代理理论、准公共产品理论等相关理论进行了梳理与总结;承接上一章的内容,第三章主要对我国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的现状及其存在的问题进行主要论述,首先,基于全球和我国两个视角回顾针对于财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的历史,摸清其发展脉络,其次,总结我国现阶段对于财政投融资资金运用绩效评价上的状况,总结出目前我国针对于财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的三种模式:财政投融资资金运用绩效导向模式、全面评价和绩效指标管理相结合的模式和第三方绩效评价中心组织管理模式,最后,针对我国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的现状指出我国在财政投融资资金运用绩效评价中存在的问题;第四章为典型国家财政投融资资金运用绩效评价的经验借鉴,通过上一章对于我国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价现状与存在问题的分析,结合本章对于美、德、日、澳四个有代表性的、在财政投融资资金运用绩效评价方面富有成熟经验的发达国家的介绍,为下一章构建和完善符合我国国情的财政投融资资金运用绩效评价指标体系做铺垫;第五章为我国财政投融资资金运用绩效评价方法与指标体系的构建与完善,本章的指标体系主要是在借鉴国外几个发达国家在财政投融资资金运用绩效评价方面的成熟经验和我国几个省份、地区的经验的基础上构建起来的,文本的指标体系基于经济、社会和环境三个维度,最初的指标体系是基于以上经验并采用专家评议法确定起来的,然后通过对最初指标体系进行合理性、有效性、相关性和鉴别力的检验,筛选出本文的绩效评价体系框架,并运用层次分析法对指标体系的权重进行计算,最后进一步给出了符合我国国情的财政投融资资金运用绩效评价体系的计分方法,为最后进行的案例分析提供了方法论的铺垫;第六章为针对于财政投融资项目的具体案例研究,本章主要是以具体案例为基础,对所构建的指标体系进行实际应用,并通过案例的形式对我国现阶段财政投融资资金运用绩效评价进行总结,可以说是整篇文章所探讨内容的最终落脚点。
In recent years, due to the effect of American subprime lending crisis and Europeandebt crisis, the finance and substantial economy all over the world have been shocked indifferent levels. In face of the unprecedented crisis,most national and local governmentsmake use of treasury bonds, local government bonds and other fiscal investment ways tostabilize and promote the economy, improve the efficiency of the resource allocation andthen readjust the economy structure well. Without exception, China has been taking thesame measures as well as other countries. China has taken advantage of the fiscalinvestment way to stress the investments of infrastructure, key industry, agriculture, highand new technology and western development. Although under the background of theeconomy crisis, these measures have been achieved good effects. Reviewing the progressof reform and openness for more than30years, despite of experiencing numerousdomestic strife and foreign aggression, it is obvious that Chinese economy keeps stableand healthy. The fiscal investment measures have played a significant role in thedevelopment. However, how to apply the fiscal investment measures well in the keyperiod of to change the economic development mode and adjust economy structural so asto give full play to regulate the economy, to optimize the allocation of the resources thento promote the structural transformation and the change of the development way,continue to improve the people livelihood, actually create the real “beautiful China” andrealize “China dream” that we together expect becomes the focus that people keep awatchful eye. Based on what have been discussed above, this article conducts studies thataim at the view of fiscal Investment and loan performance evaluation system. We striveto establish a set of scientific and effective fiscal Investment and loan performanceevaluation system which will be used to examine the current preformance of fiscalInvestment and loan and eventually contributes to improve the efficiency of the use offiscal Investment and loan.
     This article takes the relevant category and theory of the fiscal investment and loanperformance evaluation as the entry point, and systematically introduces the researchstatus of fiscal investment and loan performance evaluation and summarizes its researches’ trend and important points. Through tidying the different development stagesand current status of Chinese fiscal investment and loan performance, we conclude thecurrent problems that exist of fiscal investment and loan performance. Then the articleintroduces some experience that the developed countries ever have gone through, whichcan lay a foundation of performance evaluation. After that, basing on different fields ofempirical methods at home and abroad about fiscal investment and loan performanceevaluation system, in view of the actual situation of our economy, we set up the systemframework of fiscal investment and loan performance evaluation and determine the indexweight through the empirical screening. Finally, we demonstrate fiscal investment andloan performance evaluation system that we have constructed by the form of case study.
     This article mainly apply literature research methods, inductive and deductivemethods, experts evaluation methods, analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and case analysismethods and so on to study our fiscal investment and loan performance evaluationsystem. Then we analyze the issues that we have discussed through six chaptersincluding introduction, theoretical foundation, current situation analysis, experiencereference, system building and case study.
     The first chapter is the introduction, elaborating the background, theoreticalsignificance and practical significance of this research study and inducing theperformance aspects of the Fiscal Investment and Loan from home and abroad view atthis stage; the second chapter analyzes the scope of the financial investment andfinancing performance evaluation, as well as the definition of related concepts. Then theresearch summarizes the pertinent theories such as the allocation of resources theory, theprincipal-agent theory, the quasi-public goods theory. Based on these theories, theresearch illustrates the necessity for the implementation of the Fiscal Investment andLoan performance evaluation from the macro and micro levels; Undertake the lastchapter, the third chapter discusses the status quo and the problems on China's FiscalInvestment and Loan Performance evaluation. First, the paper reviews for the FiscalInvestment and Loan Performance evaluation, based on two perspectives of the worldand our history, to find out its developmental context. Secondly, summarizing thesituation of our country at this stage for the Fiscal Investment and Loan PerformanceEvaluation concludes three modes of China's Fiscal Investment and Loan Performance evaluation: Fiscal Investment and Loan performance-oriented model, a comprehensiveevaluation and performance indicators management combined mode and third-partyperformance evaluation center organization management model. Finally, the chapterthree points out the defects in our finance performance evaluation according to its statusquo.Chapter fourth introduces the experience of developed countries about the FiscalInvestment and Loan Performance Evaluation for performance evaluation. Combiningwith the status quo of China's Fiscal Investment and Loan and the analysis of problemsas well as introducing representative for the United States, Germany, Japan, Australiafour developed countries in the fiscal Investment and Loan performance Evaluation’s richmature experience, the chapter build and improve for the next chapter in line withChina's national conditions, the fiscal Investment and Loan performance EvaluationIndex System; Chapter fifth is about China's financial investment and financing methodsand indicators of the performance evaluation. On the basis of system construction andimprovement of the chapter index system drawing on the experience of foreign matureexperience of the developed countries in the fiscal Investment and Loan performanceEvaluation and several provinces in China, the research creates text index system basedon economic, social and environmental dimensions. Initial index system is based on theabove experience and expert evaluation method and then the paper screened this articlethrough the test of reasonableness, validity, relevance and discernment of the initial indexsystem performance evaluation system framework. Next, the paper uses the AnalyticHierarchy Process on the index system of the right to re-calculate. At last, the researchgives the method of calculation of the fiscal investment and loan performance evaluationsystem in line with China's national conditions, providing a methodology foreshadowingresearch for the final case analysis; Chapter VI is about the specific case for the financialinvestment and financing projects. This chapter is mainly based on the specific case basisand uses the index system built for the practical application of the fiscal Investment andLoan performance Evaluation on China at this stage. Then, by the form of casesummarize, we can say that it’s the ultimate point of the entire article.
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