睾丸生殖功能调控的初步研究
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摘要
目的回顾性分析一侧睾丸丧失患者的远期生育结局。
方法对1996年至2010年北京协和医院收治的一侧睾丸扭转患者进行病例资料分析和生育结局随访。
结果15年间共有22例一侧睾丸扭转患者纳入本研究,其中单侧睾丸切除13例、复位9例(手法复位1例,手术切开复位固定8例)。目前已经结婚、有生育要求并同居两年以上者16例。追访其婚姻生活及配偶生育情况发现,一侧睾丸切除组10例与复位固定组6例患者在结婚年龄、平均性生活频率、性功能方面均未见显著差异。一侧睾丸切除组患者的配偶生育7例(生育率70.0%),复位固定组患者的配偶生育5例(生育率83.3%)；配偶妊娠时间方面,一侧睾丸切除组患者的平均怀孕时间为2.5年,较复位固定组的平均1.1年稍长,但均未提示统计学差异(P>0.05)。
结论一侧睾丸切除的睾丸扭转患者远期生育率略低于复位固定的睾丸扭转患者,且妊娠时间略长,但并未引起生育能力的显著降低；而可复性的睾丸一过性缺血不会引起睾丸扭转患者远期生育功能障碍。
目的：探讨成年大鼠一侧睾丸切除后,对侧睾丸的组织结构和生殖内分泌功能的变化。
方法：8周龄雄性SD大鼠40只,SPF级常规饲养。实验组(UC)8周龄大鼠一侧睾丸切除手术,对照组(Control)假手术。术后21天内,按实验设计隔日处死大鼠,每组2只,取得睾丸、附睾,测量睾丸体积、重量、附睾精子计数,测定睾丸组织睾酮,睾丸组织学测量的数据。监测存活大鼠血清睾酮,1次/2日。按时间变化,得到各数据在单侧睾丸切除后的变化规律,并应用统计学方法比较实验、对照两组差异。
结果：实验期间无动物疾病、死亡等不良事件发生。睾丸重量和体积方面,实验组与对照组总体无显著差异,时间点比较,仅睾丸重量在实验第11天后,实验组呈现上升。血清睾酮在两组间,实验组略低于对照组,二组间无统计学差异。但在实验第2、4、6三日,实验组显著低于对照组(p<0.05),在实验第2日出现最低值,持续上升,6日后恢复正常水平。睾丸组织睾酮浓度方面,手术后实验组持续升高,实验6日后趋于稳定。实验组附睾精子计数在实验第19日后显著超过对照组。睾丸组织测量提示,曲细精管内空腔内径减少,但无统计学差异,曲细精管内径无显著变化。细胞计数方面,Sertoli细胞、Ldydig细胞、A型精圆细胞数目无显著变化,圆形精子细胞数量显著上升。
结论：成年大鼠一侧睾丸切除后较短时期内(21天)对侧睾丸可发生功能性代偿。
目的：男性不育症(Male Infertility)是严重影响现代男性健康和家庭幸福的全球性社会问题,从而引发众多学者的关注。然而,目前针对精子蛋白以及其功能的基础性研究十分匮乏,也缺少能够得到公认的或是确定有效的治疗男性不育的方法方案。本课题旨在应用蛋白组学计数开展特发性弱精子症患者于正常供精者精子差异表达蛋白的比较研究,从而从蛋白质水平探讨弱精子症患者精子蛋白的改变,寻找评估精子活力的生物标记物和精子活动力低下原因。
方法：运用蛋白凝胶电泳技术分离114例特发性弱精子症患者和37例正常供精者精子标本的总蛋白质,结合免疫印迹技术鉴定差异蛋白,并对试验数据进行统计学分析。
结果：患者组与对照组精子蛋白表达量上存在差异,且患者组中精子活力低下不同严重程度者的蛋白含量也存在差异(P<0.05),对于差异显著条带的Western Blotting分析显示差异蛋白为DDX4。
结论：精子活力与蛋白质差异表达有关,主要差异蛋白DDX4可作为评估精子活力的生物标记物。
Objective:To analysis the final reproductive outcome in the patients with the losing of unilateral testis retrospectively.
Methods:The clinical data of cases with testicular torsion in one side were retrospectively analyzed and summarized within15years (from1996to2010).
Results:within15years, total22cases with testicular torsion in one side were collected and analyzed, and orchiectomy was undergone in13cases and restoration in9cases. Among the restoration patients, one case was performed with maneuver and eight cases were with operation and fixation.16cases have married and planned to pregnancy more than two years. Retrospective analysis for their diagnosis, treatment and following-up of reproductive outcome were proceeded in this study, there were no significant difference on married age, sexual frequency and erectile function between orchiectomy and restoration groups. The baby giving rates were70.0%(7/10) and83.3%(5/6) in orchiectomy and restoration groups respectively. The mean pregnant duration were2.5years and1.1years in orchiectomy and restoration groups respectively.
Conclusion:Testicular restorable ischemia in patients with testicular torsion may not decrease long-term reproductive function. For the testicular torsion patients with unilateral castration, even though their long-term baby giving rate was slightly lower and the baby giving duration was longer than in patients with restorable ischemia, but no significant difference existed in reproductive function.
Purpose:To investigate the variation of reproductive functions in adult rats with the loss of one testis.
Methods:The unilateral castration was performed on mature rats as unilateral castration (UC) group and sham operation performed as control group. Experimental rats from two groups were sacrificed at different time points in turn. The data from series of time points were monitored and collected within research period, including anatomical variation of contra-lateral testis, total testosterone level in serum and homogenization of contra-lateral testicular tissue, sperm count from contra-lateral epididymis, and histological analysis of contra-lateral testis. Statistical analyses were used in comparing the difference between the data from two groups.
Results:Totally20rats of8-weeks old were operated with Unilateral Castration as UC group, and20rats as control group, and all experimental rats were alive normally within research period of22days. The contra-lateral testicular weight and volume did not show significant difference compared with control group. Compared with control group, total testosterone in serum decreased from2th to6th day, with a minimal value0.46mmol/L (P<0.05) at2th day, and returned to preoperative level at6th day with mean value1.06mmol/L without significant difference comparing to control group. Total testosterone level in homogenization of contra-lateral testicular tissue increased continuously after operation, with maximal value2.52mIU/ml at11th day, and mean value2.34mIU/ml, significantly higher than0.28mIU/ml in control group (P<0.05). Sperm total count from contra-lateral epididymis in UC group began to increase from15th day to21th day. The mean sperm count3.66×109in contra-lateral epididymis in UC group was more than3.57×109in control group with a significant difference (P<0.05). Histological analysis of contra-lateral testis showed some degree of decreasing in the diameter of seminiferous lumina and the diameter of seminiferous tubule, increasing in the number of spermatids and the thickness of spermatogenic epithelium, but did not show any significant difference.
Conclusions:Contra-lateral testis might show some degree of compensatory effectiveness on reproductive functions in mature rats with the loss of one testis within a period of time.
BACKGROUD Infertility is a major medical and social problem, and elementary research on the spermatozoal proteins or its functions are relatively sparse and there are very few confirmative and effective options for the treatment of male infertility. Thus, it is essential to find candidate proteins that affect male infertility. This study was designed to detect the proteins with differential expression in sperm from infertile patients and normal donors.
METHODS Semen samples from patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia (n=114) and from fertile men with normal spermiograms (n=37) were collected. Semen sample analysis, sperm protein extraction, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis were performed. Results were analysed by SPSS16.0statistical software.
RESULTS Western blotting analysis of spermatic proteins displayed a major differential expressed protein in spermatozoa of both fertile and idiopathic asthenozoospermia patients. Densities and volumes of the aimed protein in the patientsshowed significant decrease compared to that in normal donors (P=0.034and P=0.036, respectively). The aimed protein was further confirmed as DEAD-box protein4(DDX4, VASA). The expression and correction value (CV) of DDX4(VASA) in the patientsreduced significantly than that in normal donors (P=0.037and P=0.031, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS The present study found that expression level of spermatic protein DDX4(VASA) associates with spermatic motility, implying that DDX4(VASA) maybe a candidate marker for evaluation of spermatic motility.
方法对1996年至2010年北京协和医院收治的一侧睾丸扭转患者进行病例资料分析和生育结局随访。
结果15年间共有22例一侧睾丸扭转患者纳入本研究,其中单侧睾丸切除13例、复位9例(手法复位1例,手术切开复位固定8例)。目前已经结婚、有生育要求并同居两年以上者16例。追访其婚姻生活及配偶生育情况发现,一侧睾丸切除组10例与复位固定组6例患者在结婚年龄、平均性生活频率、性功能方面均未见显著差异。一侧睾丸切除组患者的配偶生育7例(生育率70.0%),复位固定组患者的配偶生育5例(生育率83.3%)；配偶妊娠时间方面,一侧睾丸切除组患者的平均怀孕时间为2.5年,较复位固定组的平均1.1年稍长,但均未提示统计学差异(P>0.05)。
结论一侧睾丸切除的睾丸扭转患者远期生育率略低于复位固定的睾丸扭转患者,且妊娠时间略长,但并未引起生育能力的显著降低；而可复性的睾丸一过性缺血不会引起睾丸扭转患者远期生育功能障碍。
目的：探讨成年大鼠一侧睾丸切除后,对侧睾丸的组织结构和生殖内分泌功能的变化。
方法：8周龄雄性SD大鼠40只,SPF级常规饲养。实验组(UC)8周龄大鼠一侧睾丸切除手术,对照组(Control)假手术。术后21天内,按实验设计隔日处死大鼠,每组2只,取得睾丸、附睾,测量睾丸体积、重量、附睾精子计数,测定睾丸组织睾酮,睾丸组织学测量的数据。监测存活大鼠血清睾酮,1次/2日。按时间变化,得到各数据在单侧睾丸切除后的变化规律,并应用统计学方法比较实验、对照两组差异。
结果：实验期间无动物疾病、死亡等不良事件发生。睾丸重量和体积方面,实验组与对照组总体无显著差异,时间点比较,仅睾丸重量在实验第11天后,实验组呈现上升。血清睾酮在两组间,实验组略低于对照组,二组间无统计学差异。但在实验第2、4、6三日,实验组显著低于对照组(p<0.05),在实验第2日出现最低值,持续上升,6日后恢复正常水平。睾丸组织睾酮浓度方面,手术后实验组持续升高,实验6日后趋于稳定。实验组附睾精子计数在实验第19日后显著超过对照组。睾丸组织测量提示,曲细精管内空腔内径减少,但无统计学差异,曲细精管内径无显著变化。细胞计数方面,Sertoli细胞、Ldydig细胞、A型精圆细胞数目无显著变化,圆形精子细胞数量显著上升。
结论：成年大鼠一侧睾丸切除后较短时期内(21天)对侧睾丸可发生功能性代偿。
目的：男性不育症(Male Infertility)是严重影响现代男性健康和家庭幸福的全球性社会问题,从而引发众多学者的关注。然而,目前针对精子蛋白以及其功能的基础性研究十分匮乏,也缺少能够得到公认的或是确定有效的治疗男性不育的方法方案。本课题旨在应用蛋白组学计数开展特发性弱精子症患者于正常供精者精子差异表达蛋白的比较研究,从而从蛋白质水平探讨弱精子症患者精子蛋白的改变,寻找评估精子活力的生物标记物和精子活动力低下原因。
方法：运用蛋白凝胶电泳技术分离114例特发性弱精子症患者和37例正常供精者精子标本的总蛋白质,结合免疫印迹技术鉴定差异蛋白,并对试验数据进行统计学分析。
结果：患者组与对照组精子蛋白表达量上存在差异,且患者组中精子活力低下不同严重程度者的蛋白含量也存在差异(P<0.05),对于差异显著条带的Western Blotting分析显示差异蛋白为DDX4。
结论：精子活力与蛋白质差异表达有关,主要差异蛋白DDX4可作为评估精子活力的生物标记物。
Objective:To analysis the final reproductive outcome in the patients with the losing of unilateral testis retrospectively.
Methods:The clinical data of cases with testicular torsion in one side were retrospectively analyzed and summarized within15years (from1996to2010).
Results:within15years, total22cases with testicular torsion in one side were collected and analyzed, and orchiectomy was undergone in13cases and restoration in9cases. Among the restoration patients, one case was performed with maneuver and eight cases were with operation and fixation.16cases have married and planned to pregnancy more than two years. Retrospective analysis for their diagnosis, treatment and following-up of reproductive outcome were proceeded in this study, there were no significant difference on married age, sexual frequency and erectile function between orchiectomy and restoration groups. The baby giving rates were70.0%(7/10) and83.3%(5/6) in orchiectomy and restoration groups respectively. The mean pregnant duration were2.5years and1.1years in orchiectomy and restoration groups respectively.
Conclusion:Testicular restorable ischemia in patients with testicular torsion may not decrease long-term reproductive function. For the testicular torsion patients with unilateral castration, even though their long-term baby giving rate was slightly lower and the baby giving duration was longer than in patients with restorable ischemia, but no significant difference existed in reproductive function.
Purpose:To investigate the variation of reproductive functions in adult rats with the loss of one testis.
Methods:The unilateral castration was performed on mature rats as unilateral castration (UC) group and sham operation performed as control group. Experimental rats from two groups were sacrificed at different time points in turn. The data from series of time points were monitored and collected within research period, including anatomical variation of contra-lateral testis, total testosterone level in serum and homogenization of contra-lateral testicular tissue, sperm count from contra-lateral epididymis, and histological analysis of contra-lateral testis. Statistical analyses were used in comparing the difference between the data from two groups.
Results:Totally20rats of8-weeks old were operated with Unilateral Castration as UC group, and20rats as control group, and all experimental rats were alive normally within research period of22days. The contra-lateral testicular weight and volume did not show significant difference compared with control group. Compared with control group, total testosterone in serum decreased from2th to6th day, with a minimal value0.46mmol/L (P<0.05) at2th day, and returned to preoperative level at6th day with mean value1.06mmol/L without significant difference comparing to control group. Total testosterone level in homogenization of contra-lateral testicular tissue increased continuously after operation, with maximal value2.52mIU/ml at11th day, and mean value2.34mIU/ml, significantly higher than0.28mIU/ml in control group (P<0.05). Sperm total count from contra-lateral epididymis in UC group began to increase from15th day to21th day. The mean sperm count3.66×109in contra-lateral epididymis in UC group was more than3.57×109in control group with a significant difference (P<0.05). Histological analysis of contra-lateral testis showed some degree of decreasing in the diameter of seminiferous lumina and the diameter of seminiferous tubule, increasing in the number of spermatids and the thickness of spermatogenic epithelium, but did not show any significant difference.
Conclusions:Contra-lateral testis might show some degree of compensatory effectiveness on reproductive functions in mature rats with the loss of one testis within a period of time.
BACKGROUD Infertility is a major medical and social problem, and elementary research on the spermatozoal proteins or its functions are relatively sparse and there are very few confirmative and effective options for the treatment of male infertility. Thus, it is essential to find candidate proteins that affect male infertility. This study was designed to detect the proteins with differential expression in sperm from infertile patients and normal donors.
METHODS Semen samples from patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia (n=114) and from fertile men with normal spermiograms (n=37) were collected. Semen sample analysis, sperm protein extraction, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis were performed. Results were analysed by SPSS16.0statistical software.
RESULTS Western blotting analysis of spermatic proteins displayed a major differential expressed protein in spermatozoa of both fertile and idiopathic asthenozoospermia patients. Densities and volumes of the aimed protein in the patientsshowed significant decrease compared to that in normal donors (P=0.034and P=0.036, respectively). The aimed protein was further confirmed as DEAD-box protein4(DDX4, VASA). The expression and correction value (CV) of DDX4(VASA) in the patientsreduced significantly than that in normal donors (P=0.037and P=0.031, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS The present study found that expression level of spermatic protein DDX4(VASA) associates with spermatic motility, implying that DDX4(VASA) maybe a candidate marker for evaluation of spermatic motility.
引文
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