4种吸附（收）剂在不同季节对牛舍中CH_4、CO_2和NH_3吸附（收）性能的研究
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摘要
减少碳、氮排放已然成为世界各国热议的话题，因碳排放的急剧升高所带来的全球性气候、生态、经济等问题已经为人类敲响了警钟，而全球CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的排放有相当一部分都源于动物。人们已经逐渐重视这一问题并开展了减少这些气体排放的众多试验，得到的大多数方法都是通过控制反刍动物的采食量、日粮精粗比、添加甲烷抑制剂、添加酶制剂和合成氨基酸等，但这些内源性的减排方法都有一定的缺点，有些成本较高，有些作用欠佳或动物对其产生耐受作用，甚至有些添加剂会降低动物的生产性能或带来某些副作用，所以寻找一种新的外源性的减排方法迫在眉睫。本研究采用GY-1、GY-2、GY-3和GY-4作为吸附(收)剂，通过外源性的方法对上述气体进行吸附(收)，并进行了春、夏、秋、冬四个阶段的试验，对吸附(收)前后牛舍内CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的浓度进行了对比，获得了令人满意的效果。
试验Ⅰ在牛舍内均匀铺撒10kg(8m~2)的吸附剂GY-1，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的浓度变化，并与无吸附剂的对照试验进行比较。结果表明：春季、夏季和秋季，10kg GY-1吸附8h可极显著降低牛舍中CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的浓度(P<0.01)。在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，1kg GY-18h分别可以吸附CH_412.69g、10.52g、16.12g和20.28g；可以吸附CO_240.41g、35.96g、51.29g和56.67g；可以吸附NH_31.98g、2.86g、1.01g和0.64g。CH_4和CO_2的吸附总量都与各季节间的平均室温呈显著的负相关性(P<0.05)；CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的吸附总量与季节间平均相对湿度之间无显著的相关性(P>0.05)；当室温一定时，NH_3的吸附总量随着季节间舍内NH_3平均浓度的升高而增加较大；当NH_3浓度一定时，NH_3的吸附总量随季节间平均室温的升高而增加较小；NH_3平均浓度对NH_3吸附总量的影响要高于平均温度对NH_3吸附总量的影响；CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的吸附量随着吸附时间的增加而迅速降低。
试验Ⅱ在牛舍内均匀摆放10L吸收剂GY-2，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h NH_3、CH_4和CO_2浓度的变化，并与无吸收剂的对照试验和纯水吸收试验进行比较。结果表明：各季节10L GY-2吸收8h可极显著降低牛舍中NH_3的平均浓度(P<0.01)，各季节舍内NH_3平均浓度都要低于纯水吸收试验组，其中夏季NH_3平均浓度显著低于夏季纯水试验组(P<0.05)。在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，1L GY-28h分别可以吸收NH_31.57g、2.62g、1.16g和0.85g。当室温一定时，吸收量随着舍内NH_3浓度的增加而增加较大；当浓度一定时，吸收量随室温的升高而增加较小。吸收剂GY-2对CH_4和CO_2没有明显的吸收作用(P>0.05)。
试验Ⅲ在牛舍内均匀铺撒10kg(8m~2)的吸附剂GY-3，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h NH_3、CH_4和CO_2浓度的变化，并与无吸附剂的对照试验进行比较。结果表明：各季节10kg GY-3吸附8h可极显著降低牛舍中NH_3的浓度(P<0.01)。在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，1kg GY-38h分别可以吸附NH_31.43g,2.26g,0.87g and0.55g。NH_3吸附量随着季节间初始浓度的增加而增加，随着吸附时间的增加而迅速降低，浓度对吸附量的影响要高于温度对吸附量的影响。吸附剂GY-3对CH_4和CO_2没有明显的吸附作用(P>0.05)。
试验Ⅳ在牛舍内均匀摆放62.5L(10mol/L)的吸收剂GY-4，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h CO_2、NH_3和CH_4浓度的变化。结果表明：62.5L(10mol/L)的GY-4吸收8h可极显著降低各季节牛舍中的CO_2和NH_3的平均浓度(P<0.01)。春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，62.5L (10mol/L) GY-48h分别可以吸收CO_22466.5g、2581.5g、2265.1g和2197.4g；分别可以吸收NH_38.98g、10.30g、5.80g和4.05g。CO_2吸收量随着同一季节各小时CO_2平均浓度和季节间平均室温的升高而升高。NH_3吸收总量随着季节间舍内NH_3平均浓度的升高而升高，夏季NH_3各小时的吸收量随着舍内各小时NH_3平均浓度的升高而升高，冬季由于温度较低，溶解度增大，NH_3各小时的吸收量与舍内NH_3各小时的平均浓度无显著的正相关性(P>0.05)。GY-4对CH_4没有明显的吸收作用(P>0.05)。
通过本研究发现，吸附剂GY-1无论是在气体的吸附种类上还是在温室气体吸附量上都具有极强的优势，吸收剂GY-4的总体吸收性能位居其次，而GY-2对NH_3的吸收量也较高，吸附剂GY-3的吸附性能则较为一般。
Reduce carbon, nitrogen emissions have become a hot topic world, it has been sounded alarmbecause of the sharp rise in carbon emissions brought the global climate, ecological, economic and otherissues for humanity, while a part of CH_4, CO_2and NH_3emissions come from animals. It has beengradually pay attention to this issue and a lot of tests carried out to reduce the emissions of these gases,for example, through the control of ruminant intake, dietary forage ratio, add methane inhibitors, addingenzyme andsynthesis of amino acids, etc., but these endogenous emission reduction method has certaindisadvantages, some higher cost, some poor role or animal produce tolerance, and even some additivesmay reduce the production performance of animals or bring some side effects, so find a new, exogenousway to reduce emissions is imminent. In this study, use GY-1, GY-2, GY-3and GY-4as adsorbents(absorbers) to adsorb (absorb) the gas through exogenous, and the four-stage test of the spring, summer,autumn and winter, compared CH_4, CO_2and NH_3concentration before and after adsorb (absorb), obtainsatisfactory results.
Experiment Ⅰ In a cowshed evenly spread sprinkle10kg (8m~2) adsorbent GY-1, use portable gasdetectors continuous8h to measure the concentration changes of CH_4, CO_2and NH_3in each season,comparison with controlled trials which was no adsorbent. The results show that:10kg GY-1adsorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) CH_4, CO_2and NH_3concentration in cowshed in allseasons.1kg GY-18h can adsorb CH_412.69g,10.52g,16.12g and20.28g, can absorb CO_240.41g,35.96g,51.29g and56.67g, can adsorb NH_31.98g,2.86g,1.01g and0.64g respectively in spring,summer, autumn and winter. The CH_4, CO_2adsorption total amount was a significant negativecorrelation (P<0.05) with the average room temperature between seasons; the CH_4, CO_2and NH_3adsorption total amount was no correlation (P>0.05) with the average relative humidity between seasons;when the room temperature is constant, the adsorption total amount increased greatly with increasingNH_3average concentration between seasons; when the NH_3concentration is constant, NH_3adsorptiontotal amount increased a little with increasing temperature between seasons; the NH_3averageconcentration between seasons impact adsorption total amount is higher than the average roomtemperature between seasons; the CH_4, CO_2and NH_3adsorption amount decreases rapidly as theadsorption time increases.
Experiment Ⅱ In the cowshed evenly placed10L absorber GY-2, use portable gas detectorscontinuous8h to measure the concentration changes of NH_3, CH_4and CO_2in each season, comparison with controlled trials which was no absorber and comparison with pure water absorption experiment. Theresults show that:10L GY-2absorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) NH_3averageconcentration in cowshed in all seasons, NH_3average concentration in cowshed is lower than pure waterabsorption experiment group in all seasons, wherein the NH_3average concentration was significantlylower than pure water absorption experiment group in summer (P<0.05).1L GY-28h can absorb NH_31.57g,2.62g,1.16g and0.85g respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter. When the roomtemperature is constant, the absorption amount increased greatly with increasing NH_3concentration;when the NH_3concentration is constant, absorption amount increased a little with increasingtemperature.
Experiment Ⅲ In the cowshed evenly spread sprinkle10kg(8m~2) adsorbent GY-3, use portablegas detectors continuous8h to measure the concentration changes of NH_3, CH_4, CO_2in each season,comparison with controlled trials which was no adsorbent. The results show that:10kg GY-3adsorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) NH_3concentration in cowshed in all seasons.1kg GY-38hcan adsorb NH_31.43g,2.26g,0.87g and0.55g respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter.Adsorption amount increases with increasing initial concentration between seasons, decreases rapidly asthe adsorption time increases, the concentration impact adsorption amount is higher than the temperatureimpact adsorption amount. Adsorbent GY-3for CH_4and CO_2is no significant adsorption (P>0.05).
Experiment Ⅳ In the cowshed evenly placed62.5L(10mol/L) absorber GY-4, use portable gasdetectors continuous8h to measure the concentration changes of CO_2, NH_3, CH_4in each season,comparison with controlled trials which was no absorbent. The results show that:62.5L(10mol/L) GY-4absorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) CO_2and NH_3average concentration in cowshedin all seasons.62.5L(10mol/L) GY-48h can absorb CO_22466.5g,2581.5g,2265.1g and2197.4grespectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter, can absorb NH_38.98g,10.30g,5.80g and4.05grespectively in those seasons. CO_2absorption amount increases with increasing CO_2averageconcentration of each hour in the same season and average room temperature between seasons. NH_3absorption total amount increases with increasing NH_3average concentration between seasons, NH_3absorption amount of each hour increases with increasing NH_3average concentration of each hour insummer, due to low winter temperatures, solubility increases, NH_3absorption amount of each hour andNH_3average concentration of each hour have no significant correlation in winter (P>0.05). GY-4forCH_4is no significant absorption (P>0.05).
The study found that adsorbent GY-1both in the types of gas adsorption or in the amount ofgreenhouse gas adsorption has a strong advantage, absorber GY-4overall absorption performance rankedsecond, while the GY-2the NH_3absorption amount is higher, the adsorption properties of the adsorbentGY-3is more general.
试验Ⅰ在牛舍内均匀铺撒10kg(8m~2)的吸附剂GY-1，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的浓度变化，并与无吸附剂的对照试验进行比较。结果表明：春季、夏季和秋季，10kg GY-1吸附8h可极显著降低牛舍中CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的浓度(P<0.01)。在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，1kg GY-18h分别可以吸附CH_412.69g、10.52g、16.12g和20.28g；可以吸附CO_240.41g、35.96g、51.29g和56.67g；可以吸附NH_31.98g、2.86g、1.01g和0.64g。CH_4和CO_2的吸附总量都与各季节间的平均室温呈显著的负相关性(P<0.05)；CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的吸附总量与季节间平均相对湿度之间无显著的相关性(P>0.05)；当室温一定时，NH_3的吸附总量随着季节间舍内NH_3平均浓度的升高而增加较大；当NH_3浓度一定时，NH_3的吸附总量随季节间平均室温的升高而增加较小；NH_3平均浓度对NH_3吸附总量的影响要高于平均温度对NH_3吸附总量的影响；CH_4、CO_2和NH_3的吸附量随着吸附时间的增加而迅速降低。
试验Ⅱ在牛舍内均匀摆放10L吸收剂GY-2，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h NH_3、CH_4和CO_2浓度的变化，并与无吸收剂的对照试验和纯水吸收试验进行比较。结果表明：各季节10L GY-2吸收8h可极显著降低牛舍中NH_3的平均浓度(P<0.01)，各季节舍内NH_3平均浓度都要低于纯水吸收试验组，其中夏季NH_3平均浓度显著低于夏季纯水试验组(P<0.05)。在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，1L GY-28h分别可以吸收NH_31.57g、2.62g、1.16g和0.85g。当室温一定时，吸收量随着舍内NH_3浓度的增加而增加较大；当浓度一定时，吸收量随室温的升高而增加较小。吸收剂GY-2对CH_4和CO_2没有明显的吸收作用(P>0.05)。
试验Ⅲ在牛舍内均匀铺撒10kg(8m~2)的吸附剂GY-3，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h NH_3、CH_4和CO_2浓度的变化，并与无吸附剂的对照试验进行比较。结果表明：各季节10kg GY-3吸附8h可极显著降低牛舍中NH_3的浓度(P<0.01)。在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，1kg GY-38h分别可以吸附NH_31.43g,2.26g,0.87g and0.55g。NH_3吸附量随着季节间初始浓度的增加而增加，随着吸附时间的增加而迅速降低，浓度对吸附量的影响要高于温度对吸附量的影响。吸附剂GY-3对CH_4和CO_2没有明显的吸附作用(P>0.05)。
试验Ⅳ在牛舍内均匀摆放62.5L(10mol/L)的吸收剂GY-4，用便携式气体检测仪测定各季节连续8h CO_2、NH_3和CH_4浓度的变化。结果表明：62.5L(10mol/L)的GY-4吸收8h可极显著降低各季节牛舍中的CO_2和NH_3的平均浓度(P<0.01)。春、夏、秋、冬四个季节，62.5L (10mol/L) GY-48h分别可以吸收CO_22466.5g、2581.5g、2265.1g和2197.4g；分别可以吸收NH_38.98g、10.30g、5.80g和4.05g。CO_2吸收量随着同一季节各小时CO_2平均浓度和季节间平均室温的升高而升高。NH_3吸收总量随着季节间舍内NH_3平均浓度的升高而升高，夏季NH_3各小时的吸收量随着舍内各小时NH_3平均浓度的升高而升高，冬季由于温度较低，溶解度增大，NH_3各小时的吸收量与舍内NH_3各小时的平均浓度无显著的正相关性(P>0.05)。GY-4对CH_4没有明显的吸收作用(P>0.05)。
通过本研究发现，吸附剂GY-1无论是在气体的吸附种类上还是在温室气体吸附量上都具有极强的优势，吸收剂GY-4的总体吸收性能位居其次，而GY-2对NH_3的吸收量也较高，吸附剂GY-3的吸附性能则较为一般。
Reduce carbon, nitrogen emissions have become a hot topic world, it has been sounded alarmbecause of the sharp rise in carbon emissions brought the global climate, ecological, economic and otherissues for humanity, while a part of CH_4, CO_2and NH_3emissions come from animals. It has beengradually pay attention to this issue and a lot of tests carried out to reduce the emissions of these gases,for example, through the control of ruminant intake, dietary forage ratio, add methane inhibitors, addingenzyme andsynthesis of amino acids, etc., but these endogenous emission reduction method has certaindisadvantages, some higher cost, some poor role or animal produce tolerance, and even some additivesmay reduce the production performance of animals or bring some side effects, so find a new, exogenousway to reduce emissions is imminent. In this study, use GY-1, GY-2, GY-3and GY-4as adsorbents(absorbers) to adsorb (absorb) the gas through exogenous, and the four-stage test of the spring, summer,autumn and winter, compared CH_4, CO_2and NH_3concentration before and after adsorb (absorb), obtainsatisfactory results.
Experiment Ⅰ In a cowshed evenly spread sprinkle10kg (8m~2) adsorbent GY-1, use portable gasdetectors continuous8h to measure the concentration changes of CH_4, CO_2and NH_3in each season,comparison with controlled trials which was no adsorbent. The results show that:10kg GY-1adsorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) CH_4, CO_2and NH_3concentration in cowshed in allseasons.1kg GY-18h can adsorb CH_412.69g,10.52g,16.12g and20.28g, can absorb CO_240.41g,35.96g,51.29g and56.67g, can adsorb NH_31.98g,2.86g,1.01g and0.64g respectively in spring,summer, autumn and winter. The CH_4, CO_2adsorption total amount was a significant negativecorrelation (P<0.05) with the average room temperature between seasons; the CH_4, CO_2and NH_3adsorption total amount was no correlation (P>0.05) with the average relative humidity between seasons;when the room temperature is constant, the adsorption total amount increased greatly with increasingNH_3average concentration between seasons; when the NH_3concentration is constant, NH_3adsorptiontotal amount increased a little with increasing temperature between seasons; the NH_3averageconcentration between seasons impact adsorption total amount is higher than the average roomtemperature between seasons; the CH_4, CO_2and NH_3adsorption amount decreases rapidly as theadsorption time increases.
Experiment Ⅱ In the cowshed evenly placed10L absorber GY-2, use portable gas detectorscontinuous8h to measure the concentration changes of NH_3, CH_4and CO_2in each season, comparison with controlled trials which was no absorber and comparison with pure water absorption experiment. Theresults show that:10L GY-2absorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) NH_3averageconcentration in cowshed in all seasons, NH_3average concentration in cowshed is lower than pure waterabsorption experiment group in all seasons, wherein the NH_3average concentration was significantlylower than pure water absorption experiment group in summer (P<0.05).1L GY-28h can absorb NH_31.57g,2.62g,1.16g and0.85g respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter. When the roomtemperature is constant, the absorption amount increased greatly with increasing NH_3concentration;when the NH_3concentration is constant, absorption amount increased a little with increasingtemperature.
Experiment Ⅲ In the cowshed evenly spread sprinkle10kg(8m~2) adsorbent GY-3, use portablegas detectors continuous8h to measure the concentration changes of NH_3, CH_4, CO_2in each season,comparison with controlled trials which was no adsorbent. The results show that:10kg GY-3adsorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) NH_3concentration in cowshed in all seasons.1kg GY-38hcan adsorb NH_31.43g,2.26g,0.87g and0.55g respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter.Adsorption amount increases with increasing initial concentration between seasons, decreases rapidly asthe adsorption time increases, the concentration impact adsorption amount is higher than the temperatureimpact adsorption amount. Adsorbent GY-3for CH_4and CO_2is no significant adsorption (P>0.05).
Experiment Ⅳ In the cowshed evenly placed62.5L(10mol/L) absorber GY-4, use portable gasdetectors continuous8h to measure the concentration changes of CO_2, NH_3, CH_4in each season,comparison with controlled trials which was no absorbent. The results show that:62.5L(10mol/L) GY-4absorbed8h can be very significantly reduced (P<0.01) CO_2and NH_3average concentration in cowshedin all seasons.62.5L(10mol/L) GY-48h can absorb CO_22466.5g,2581.5g,2265.1g and2197.4grespectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter, can absorb NH_38.98g,10.30g,5.80g and4.05grespectively in those seasons. CO_2absorption amount increases with increasing CO_2averageconcentration of each hour in the same season and average room temperature between seasons. NH_3absorption total amount increases with increasing NH_3average concentration between seasons, NH_3absorption amount of each hour increases with increasing NH_3average concentration of each hour insummer, due to low winter temperatures, solubility increases, NH_3absorption amount of each hour andNH_3average concentration of each hour have no significant correlation in winter (P>0.05). GY-4forCH_4is no significant absorption (P>0.05).
The study found that adsorbent GY-1both in the types of gas adsorption or in the amount ofgreenhouse gas adsorption has a strong advantage, absorber GY-4overall absorption performance rankedsecond, while the GY-2the NH_3absorption amount is higher, the adsorption properties of the adsorbentGY-3is more general.
引文
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