三种瓜类枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum Schl.）生理分化及其致病基因FochsV表达差异研究
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摘要
尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.)是一种世界性分布的土传病原真菌,给我国及世界各国的农业生产造成了巨大的经济损失。近年来,由于瓜类栽培面积扩大,致使瓜类枯萎病发生严重。目前,对于瓜类枯萎病的防治主要采用化学防治,而培育抗病品种效果不稳定,原因之一是瓜类枯萎病种内分类复杂,许多种群之间还存在交叉侵染现象。因此,探索瓜类枯萎病菌主要专化型分化因素对明确其致病机理具有重要意义。
本文以分离自黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜枯萎病株的36株尖孢镰孢菌株为材料,采用致病性分化和遗传多样性分析相结合的方法,明确黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜尖孢镰孢菌三种专化型菌株之间的生理分化特征；在构建真核表达载体pBC-hygro-GFP基础上,采用PEG-CaCl2介导的方法成功标记了黄瓜枯萎病菌菌株FSY0957,利用标记菌株观察尖孢镰孢菌在黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜植株根部的侵染特性；并从FSY0957菌株基因组中克隆了几丁质合成酶V类基因FochsV的cDNA全长,对其进行生物信息学分析,应用Real-Time QPCR技术,初步揭示了Fochs V基因在三种寄主植株根表的相对表达量差异特征,主要研究内容如下：
1.三种瓜类尖孢镰孢菌生理分化特性研究
从辽宁省沈阳、鞍山、抚顺、新民等瓜类生产基地的黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜上采集分离的尖孢镰孢菌中选出36株具有代表性菌株,利用传统致病性测定方法,检测尖孢镰孢菌的致病性分化。应用EF-1α和β-tubulin DNA序列分析和UP-PCR分子标记技术,探究三种瓜类枯萎菌株的遗传分化关系。结果表明：供试菌株共分为3个专化型：尖孢镰孢菌黄瓜专化型(F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerium)、甜瓜专化型(F.oxysporum f.sp.melon)和西瓜专化型(F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum)。序列分析和UP-PCR分析将供试36个菌株划分为3个基因型,只有菌株FSY951和FSY0950在UP-PCR系统发育树中同其他菌株分开,而在DNA序列分析中被聚在类群2中。此外,基因型与菌株的致病型没有显著的关系,这表明尖孢镰孢菌的毒力组与亲缘组无相关性。
2.尖孢镰孢菌绿色荧光蛋白标记研究
构建尖孢镰孢菌绿色蛋白标记菌株。首先将gfp基因成功整合到带有真核表达启动子的骨架载体pBC-hygro上。成功构建真核表达载体pBC-hygro-GFP,并采用PEG-CaCl2介导的方法将GFP载体成功标记黄瓜枯萎病菌株FSY0957,观察该菌株在接种黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜幼苗时的侵染特征,发现该菌株对黄瓜植株的定殖能力明显高于对甜瓜和西瓜寄主的定殖。本试验建立的遗传转化体系,为下一步探究枯萎病菌侵染机制,定殖植物根际研究奠定基础。
3.枯萎病菌致病基因Fochs V cDN A全长的克隆及序列分析
以黄瓜枯萎病尖孢镰孢菌FSY0957为材料,提取总RNA。利用RT-PCR (?)口基因调取的方法,获得FochsV基因cDNA全长。此cDNA全长序列为5589bp,包括5588bp的完整ORF,编码一个含1862个氨基酸的蛋白,该蛋白含有6个跨膜结构,无信号肽,属于膜结合蛋白。与其他真菌几丁质合成酶基因同源性比对结果表明,与尖孢镰孢菌Fochs V基因的同源性最高的是赤霉菌和木霉菌。该cDNA序列已经登录GenBank并获得登录号为KC840941。
4. GYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测黄瓜枯萎病菌致病基因Fochs V在不同侵染阶段的表达差异
本文运用SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析前人已证明的尖孢镰孢菌致病基因Fochs V在接种黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜幼苗6、12、18、24、36、48、72、96、120和144h时的相对表达水平。明确Fochs V基因在侵染三种寄主不同时期的差异表达。结果表明：该基因在三种寄主上都呈间歇状上调或下调表达,侵染黄瓜幼苗时的各个侵染点表达量均很高,在侵染甜瓜和西瓜幼苗时只有的2-3个时间点的表达量高于对照。该结果除再次证明了Fochs V基因参与了尖孢镰孢菌对三种瓜类寄主的侵染,同时也揭示了该基因在不同侵染时期的表达量的变化。本研究建立的实时荧光检测方法为病菌的防治研究奠定了理论基础。
Fusarium oxysporum Schl is a worldwide soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus,which caused enormous loss on economy in China and other countries. In recent years, Fusarium wilt has become a severe disease on cucurbitaceous crops as the enlargement of the cultivated area. At present, the Fusarium wilt was controlled mainly by chemical methods and breeding resisitant cultivars. However, Fusarium wilt important pathogenic factors of Fusarium wilt are investigated.
In the thesis,36strains of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. isolated from cucumber, melon and watermelon wilt at melon were studied as materials. Studies on physiological differentiation of their characteristics by combining the methods of pathogenic differentiation and genetic diversity analysis of research. And construct the eukaryotic expression vector of pBC-hygro-GFP, by using the method of PEG-CaCl2mediated successfully marked F. oxysporum strain FSY0957, and observed characteristics of F. oxysporum infection in cucumber, melon, watermelon plant roots use marked strain. The full-length cDNA of FochsV was obtained using from the genome of F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerium strains FSY0957. And make its bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of Fochs V on the three host plant root surface was investigated by Real-Time QPCR technology, Main researchs were as follows:
1. The research progress of Fusarium wilt forma specialis and pathogenic factor
A total of36F.oxysporum isolates were obtained from cucumber, muskmelon, and watermelon at Liaoning province, were selected to make the classification into formae speciales.The genetic relationship of36F.oxysporum isolates was determined using EF-1α, β-tubulin DNA sequence and UP-PCR analyses. The results show that all36isolates were divided into three formae speciales:F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerium, F.oxysporum f.sp.melon and F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum.On basis of the combined sequence and UP-PCR data, the36isolates were classified into three major groups, but FSY951and FSY0950isolates were divided with other isolates in UP-PCR data, however they were divided in lineage2in DNA sequence data.In addition, there was not opposite ralationship between pathotype and genetype. This study confirmed that phylogenetic groups have little connection with virulence groups.
2. The research of Fusarium oxysporum green fluorescent protein as a marker
In the thesis, for the study on colonization of F. oxysporum in plant root, the gf p fragment as a reporter gene had integrated into the form plasmid vector pBC-hygro which containing a expressive promoter of the fungus to facilitate transformation of F. oxysporum. The results show that the gfp fragment integrated into pBC-hygro success fully. Eukaryotic expr-ession recombinant vector pBC-hygro-GFP was constructed corre ctly. The pBC-hygro-GFP was transformed into F.oxysporum by using PEG-CaCl2med iated transformation technique. The infection characteristics of the strain in the cucumb er, melon, watermelon seedling was observed at48h after inoculated. The colonization ability of tagged strain on cucumber plants was obviously higher than that on the m elon and watermelon host. Genetic transformation system established in this experiment provided a basis for the exploration on F.oxysporum pathogen infection mechanism a nd the colonization on plant rhizosphere.
3. cDNA clone and sequence analyses of Fusarium oxysporum Fochs V gene
The RNA of F. oxysporum. f.sp. cucumerium isolate FSY0957was extracted. The full-length cDNA of FochsV was obtained using RT-PCR and gene clone methods. It consisted of5589bp nucleotides, include a complete ORF5588bp. and encoded5588amino acids. The protein contains6transmembrane domain and no signal peptide sequence, which belongs to the membrane binding protein. And the results of gene homology comparising with other fungal chitin synthase show that the Gibberella moniliformis and Trichoderma have highest homology with F. oxysporum FochsV gene. The cDNA has been registered to the GenBank and No.KC840941.
5Expression analysis of the FochsV gene in F.oxysporum Schl. f.sp. cucumerinum by real-time PCR
In this paper, in order to prove that the differentially expression of Fochs V gene in different periods after infected three host, expression level analysis of the previous proven Fusarium oxysporum pathogenic gene FochsV at6-144h that inoculated on cucumber, melon and watermelon seedlings using SYBR Green I real-time PCR technology. The results show that:the gene were tested in the three host intermittent movement up or down-regulated, infection of cucumber seedlings infection expression levels are high, only infect melon and watermelon seedlings2-3the expression amount higher than that of the control point. The results unless proved once again that of Fochs V genes involved on the F. oxysporum infection on the three melons host, also reveal the changes in gene expression amount of the different infection period.The real-time fluorescence detection method established in this study has laid a theoretical foundation for the rapid prediction of the bacteria and prevent..
本文以分离自黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜枯萎病株的36株尖孢镰孢菌株为材料,采用致病性分化和遗传多样性分析相结合的方法,明确黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜尖孢镰孢菌三种专化型菌株之间的生理分化特征；在构建真核表达载体pBC-hygro-GFP基础上,采用PEG-CaCl2介导的方法成功标记了黄瓜枯萎病菌菌株FSY0957,利用标记菌株观察尖孢镰孢菌在黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜植株根部的侵染特性；并从FSY0957菌株基因组中克隆了几丁质合成酶V类基因FochsV的cDNA全长,对其进行生物信息学分析,应用Real-Time QPCR技术,初步揭示了Fochs V基因在三种寄主植株根表的相对表达量差异特征,主要研究内容如下：
1.三种瓜类尖孢镰孢菌生理分化特性研究
从辽宁省沈阳、鞍山、抚顺、新民等瓜类生产基地的黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜上采集分离的尖孢镰孢菌中选出36株具有代表性菌株,利用传统致病性测定方法,检测尖孢镰孢菌的致病性分化。应用EF-1α和β-tubulin DNA序列分析和UP-PCR分子标记技术,探究三种瓜类枯萎菌株的遗传分化关系。结果表明：供试菌株共分为3个专化型：尖孢镰孢菌黄瓜专化型(F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerium)、甜瓜专化型(F.oxysporum f.sp.melon)和西瓜专化型(F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum)。序列分析和UP-PCR分析将供试36个菌株划分为3个基因型,只有菌株FSY951和FSY0950在UP-PCR系统发育树中同其他菌株分开,而在DNA序列分析中被聚在类群2中。此外,基因型与菌株的致病型没有显著的关系,这表明尖孢镰孢菌的毒力组与亲缘组无相关性。
2.尖孢镰孢菌绿色荧光蛋白标记研究
构建尖孢镰孢菌绿色蛋白标记菌株。首先将gfp基因成功整合到带有真核表达启动子的骨架载体pBC-hygro上。成功构建真核表达载体pBC-hygro-GFP,并采用PEG-CaCl2介导的方法将GFP载体成功标记黄瓜枯萎病菌株FSY0957,观察该菌株在接种黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜幼苗时的侵染特征,发现该菌株对黄瓜植株的定殖能力明显高于对甜瓜和西瓜寄主的定殖。本试验建立的遗传转化体系,为下一步探究枯萎病菌侵染机制,定殖植物根际研究奠定基础。
3.枯萎病菌致病基因Fochs V cDN A全长的克隆及序列分析
以黄瓜枯萎病尖孢镰孢菌FSY0957为材料,提取总RNA。利用RT-PCR (?)口基因调取的方法,获得FochsV基因cDNA全长。此cDNA全长序列为5589bp,包括5588bp的完整ORF,编码一个含1862个氨基酸的蛋白,该蛋白含有6个跨膜结构,无信号肽,属于膜结合蛋白。与其他真菌几丁质合成酶基因同源性比对结果表明,与尖孢镰孢菌Fochs V基因的同源性最高的是赤霉菌和木霉菌。该cDNA序列已经登录GenBank并获得登录号为KC840941。
4. GYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测黄瓜枯萎病菌致病基因Fochs V在不同侵染阶段的表达差异
本文运用SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析前人已证明的尖孢镰孢菌致病基因Fochs V在接种黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜幼苗6、12、18、24、36、48、72、96、120和144h时的相对表达水平。明确Fochs V基因在侵染三种寄主不同时期的差异表达。结果表明：该基因在三种寄主上都呈间歇状上调或下调表达,侵染黄瓜幼苗时的各个侵染点表达量均很高,在侵染甜瓜和西瓜幼苗时只有的2-3个时间点的表达量高于对照。该结果除再次证明了Fochs V基因参与了尖孢镰孢菌对三种瓜类寄主的侵染,同时也揭示了该基因在不同侵染时期的表达量的变化。本研究建立的实时荧光检测方法为病菌的防治研究奠定了理论基础。
Fusarium oxysporum Schl is a worldwide soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus,which caused enormous loss on economy in China and other countries. In recent years, Fusarium wilt has become a severe disease on cucurbitaceous crops as the enlargement of the cultivated area. At present, the Fusarium wilt was controlled mainly by chemical methods and breeding resisitant cultivars. However, Fusarium wilt important pathogenic factors of Fusarium wilt are investigated.
In the thesis,36strains of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. isolated from cucumber, melon and watermelon wilt at melon were studied as materials. Studies on physiological differentiation of their characteristics by combining the methods of pathogenic differentiation and genetic diversity analysis of research. And construct the eukaryotic expression vector of pBC-hygro-GFP, by using the method of PEG-CaCl2mediated successfully marked F. oxysporum strain FSY0957, and observed characteristics of F. oxysporum infection in cucumber, melon, watermelon plant roots use marked strain. The full-length cDNA of FochsV was obtained using from the genome of F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerium strains FSY0957. And make its bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of Fochs V on the three host plant root surface was investigated by Real-Time QPCR technology, Main researchs were as follows:
1. The research progress of Fusarium wilt forma specialis and pathogenic factor
A total of36F.oxysporum isolates were obtained from cucumber, muskmelon, and watermelon at Liaoning province, were selected to make the classification into formae speciales.The genetic relationship of36F.oxysporum isolates was determined using EF-1α, β-tubulin DNA sequence and UP-PCR analyses. The results show that all36isolates were divided into three formae speciales:F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerium, F.oxysporum f.sp.melon and F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum.On basis of the combined sequence and UP-PCR data, the36isolates were classified into three major groups, but FSY951and FSY0950isolates were divided with other isolates in UP-PCR data, however they were divided in lineage2in DNA sequence data.In addition, there was not opposite ralationship between pathotype and genetype. This study confirmed that phylogenetic groups have little connection with virulence groups.
2. The research of Fusarium oxysporum green fluorescent protein as a marker
In the thesis, for the study on colonization of F. oxysporum in plant root, the gf p fragment as a reporter gene had integrated into the form plasmid vector pBC-hygro which containing a expressive promoter of the fungus to facilitate transformation of F. oxysporum. The results show that the gfp fragment integrated into pBC-hygro success fully. Eukaryotic expr-ession recombinant vector pBC-hygro-GFP was constructed corre ctly. The pBC-hygro-GFP was transformed into F.oxysporum by using PEG-CaCl2med iated transformation technique. The infection characteristics of the strain in the cucumb er, melon, watermelon seedling was observed at48h after inoculated. The colonization ability of tagged strain on cucumber plants was obviously higher than that on the m elon and watermelon host. Genetic transformation system established in this experiment provided a basis for the exploration on F.oxysporum pathogen infection mechanism a nd the colonization on plant rhizosphere.
3. cDNA clone and sequence analyses of Fusarium oxysporum Fochs V gene
The RNA of F. oxysporum. f.sp. cucumerium isolate FSY0957was extracted. The full-length cDNA of FochsV was obtained using RT-PCR and gene clone methods. It consisted of5589bp nucleotides, include a complete ORF5588bp. and encoded5588amino acids. The protein contains6transmembrane domain and no signal peptide sequence, which belongs to the membrane binding protein. And the results of gene homology comparising with other fungal chitin synthase show that the Gibberella moniliformis and Trichoderma have highest homology with F. oxysporum FochsV gene. The cDNA has been registered to the GenBank and No.KC840941.
5Expression analysis of the FochsV gene in F.oxysporum Schl. f.sp. cucumerinum by real-time PCR
In this paper, in order to prove that the differentially expression of Fochs V gene in different periods after infected three host, expression level analysis of the previous proven Fusarium oxysporum pathogenic gene FochsV at6-144h that inoculated on cucumber, melon and watermelon seedlings using SYBR Green I real-time PCR technology. The results show that:the gene were tested in the three host intermittent movement up or down-regulated, infection of cucumber seedlings infection expression levels are high, only infect melon and watermelon seedlings2-3the expression amount higher than that of the control point. The results unless proved once again that of Fochs V genes involved on the F. oxysporum infection on the three melons host, also reveal the changes in gene expression amount of the different infection period.The real-time fluorescence detection method established in this study has laid a theoretical foundation for the rapid prediction of the bacteria and prevent..
引文
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