同杆双回线故障稳态分析及其单端量选相的研究
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摘要
同杆并架双回线路因具有节约土地、建设周期短、输送能力强、节省投资等优点,已被广泛应用于电网。但是由于同杆并架双回线的两回线间距相对较小,易于发生跨线故障,而且由于两回线间的互感耦合明显,可能的故障种类繁多,故障特征更加复杂,传统的基于单回线单端电气量的保护选相难以正确反应故障。因此,论文从同杆双回线故障稳态分析入手,围绕双回线单端电气量选相开展研究,主要工作和创新性成果如下：
针对回线间距的紧凑型窄双回线更易于发生跨线故障,基于此类易于发生跨线故障的同杆双回线杆塔结构,本文提出了一种基于互感均值的双回线故障定性分析方法,可以分析计算同杆双回线上的所有单回线短路及跨线故障。利用窄线间距双回线互感均值替代数值彼此差异较小的相间互感和线间互感,进而可将双回线上的任一短路故障简化为一个等效的单回线故障,用对称分量即可分析解算,最后将所得电气量代入原双回线系统解算出双回线各相线的故障电气量,解决了此类双回线故障特征定性分析困难的问题。
针对目前已公开的文献中对双回线故障分析不完整或缺乏定量的电气量表达式推导的情况,本文利用六序分量分析法对一般同杆双回线模型所有20类短路故障进行了故障分析,故障分析过程中考虑了过渡电阻的影响,并推导了完备的保护相关的故障电气量表达式。通过对故障分析所得的电气量表达式进行分析和研究,总结了双回线故障点六序电流分量、保护安装处六序电流分量、保护安装处同向反向电流相分量、保护安装处各回线同名相电流相分量等电流故障量的故障特征,以及双回线保护安装处电压的序分量特征和相分量特征,给之后提出新的双回线选相原理提供了理论依据。
提出了一种利用双回线单端故障电流相分量选相的新原理,首先利用故障后双回线同名相电流和的相分量选出故障相别；然后通过同名相电流相位确定是否为近端故障,若为近端故障,则通过比较同名相电流大小和相位来选出具体的故障相线；若判断为非近端故障,则比较故障相的两同名相电流的接近程度,即利用故障相的同名相电流差与同名相电流和的比值选出故障同名相。该原理简单易行,无需长数据通道,能够对双回线上各种故障进行选相,尤其对跨线故障有较好的选择性,可用于保护Ⅰ段选相,弥补了目前应用于双回线上的其他选相方法选相功能不全面甚至误选相的弊端。
提出了新的适用于现场应用的综合选相元件。首先引入了电压辅助选相,即故障后初始阶段利用电压选相和电流选相共同确定故障相别,之后再利用电流选相判断具体的故障相线,解决了单纯电流选相时因电流互感器(current tranformer, CT)饱和而漏选故障相的问题；其次提出了一种反向同向相电流比值门槛的自适应机制并引入到非近端故障下的电流选相中,增强了电流选相的适应性和可靠性；再次改进了近端故障判别的原则,避免了线路“近端”与“非近端”临界处故障时误选相。本文提出的综合选相元件能够很好的适应现场的复杂情况,且不受线间互感的影响,具有良好的选相能力。
Common-tower double-circuit line has been widely used in power system, due to the advantages of low occupancy of land, short constructing period, high transmission capacity and saving money. But the span between the parallel lines is small, which may more likely to lead to the interline fault. The mutual inductance coupling between parallel lines is obvious, and the fault characteristics are more complicated under various faults. Therefore, when the phase selector for traditional distance protection which only uses single-circuit line's one-terminal electrical quantities is applied to parallel transmission lines, it may lead to mal-operation. The dissertation begins with fault steady-state analysis and focuses on phase selection research using parallel transmission lines'one-terminal electrical quantities. They are mainly including:
Aiming at the parallel lines which have narrow line-to-line distance have more risks on interline fault, a qualitative analysis approach for fault on parallel lines using average mutual inductance has been proposed based on the tower configurations of these double-transmission lines. Through this approach, all the simple faults and interline faults can be anglicized and calculated. Using the average mutual inductance substitutes for mutual inductance between lines and mutual inductance between phases which are little different, the parallel lines'model can be simplified using the average mutual inductance. Via equivalent simplification, the interline fault can be simplified to a virtual single-circuit-line fault form for calculation, and the achieved electric quantities can be used in the original network for calculating those of the parallel lines. It solves the problem that the qualitative analysis for fault on these parallel lines is difficult.
Aiming at in the open literature the fault analysis for fault on parallel lines is not complete and lack of deducing electrical quantity expression, based on the method of six sequence fault component, all the20kind of fault on normal parallel lines has been analyzed. The analysis process considered the transition resistance, and deducing integrated electrical quantity expressions which are related to protection. Via analyzing the achieved electrical quantity expressions, the fault characteristics of six sequence currents at fault point and the measuring point have been researched, so have those of same-direction currents (T-currents). opposite-direction currents (F-currents) and phase-currents'phase components at the measuring point. Besides, the sequence voltages and phase voltages at the measuring point have been studied also. All the theoretical analysis and research provided theoretical foundation for proposing new phase selection scheme for double-circuit line in later study.
A new fault phase selection scheme using parallel lines'one-terminal fault components of phase currents has been proposed. Firstly, select the fault phase using the sum-currents of parallel lines'same-name phases. Then, judge the fault is at the parallel lines near-terminal or not. If it is true, select the fault phase lines via comparing the fault component values and phases of same-name-phase currents; if it is false, select the fault phase lines via comparing the closeness of fault phases' same-name-phase currents, or in other words identify the fault phase lines using the phase component value of F current/T current. The scheme is simple and easy to carry out with no need for long data channels. It can serve for the relay protection's first section. Moreover, it can deal with all kind of short faults on same-tower double circuit lines, especially has better performance for interline fault. It is better than other phase selection methods applied to double-circuit line, which can't deal with complex interline fault even lead to select wrong phases.
A novel comprehensive phase selector which is suitable for applying in on-the-spot application has been presented. Firstly, phase selection with assistant voltages has been brought in, namely after fault happenning phase selector selects the fault phases using voltages and currents separately and gets a result by cooperation, then using currents to judge the specific fault phase lines. In this way, it solves the problem that phase selector which only uses currents misses fault phases because of CT saturation. Secondly, an adaptive mechanism of using the ratio of F current and T current has been proposed and brought in for selecting fault phase lines using currents when the fault is not at the near-terminal. It improves the adaptability and reliability of the phase selection scheme. Thirdly, the rule for judging near-terminal fault has been improved, avoiding unwanted phases selected when the fault point is at the end position of the near-terminal. In general, the presented comprehensive phase selector can fit the complicate working environment well and has remarkable ability for phase selection, without influence of mutual inductance between lines.
针对回线间距的紧凑型窄双回线更易于发生跨线故障,基于此类易于发生跨线故障的同杆双回线杆塔结构,本文提出了一种基于互感均值的双回线故障定性分析方法,可以分析计算同杆双回线上的所有单回线短路及跨线故障。利用窄线间距双回线互感均值替代数值彼此差异较小的相间互感和线间互感,进而可将双回线上的任一短路故障简化为一个等效的单回线故障,用对称分量即可分析解算,最后将所得电气量代入原双回线系统解算出双回线各相线的故障电气量,解决了此类双回线故障特征定性分析困难的问题。
针对目前已公开的文献中对双回线故障分析不完整或缺乏定量的电气量表达式推导的情况,本文利用六序分量分析法对一般同杆双回线模型所有20类短路故障进行了故障分析,故障分析过程中考虑了过渡电阻的影响,并推导了完备的保护相关的故障电气量表达式。通过对故障分析所得的电气量表达式进行分析和研究,总结了双回线故障点六序电流分量、保护安装处六序电流分量、保护安装处同向反向电流相分量、保护安装处各回线同名相电流相分量等电流故障量的故障特征,以及双回线保护安装处电压的序分量特征和相分量特征,给之后提出新的双回线选相原理提供了理论依据。
提出了一种利用双回线单端故障电流相分量选相的新原理,首先利用故障后双回线同名相电流和的相分量选出故障相别；然后通过同名相电流相位确定是否为近端故障,若为近端故障,则通过比较同名相电流大小和相位来选出具体的故障相线；若判断为非近端故障,则比较故障相的两同名相电流的接近程度,即利用故障相的同名相电流差与同名相电流和的比值选出故障同名相。该原理简单易行,无需长数据通道,能够对双回线上各种故障进行选相,尤其对跨线故障有较好的选择性,可用于保护Ⅰ段选相,弥补了目前应用于双回线上的其他选相方法选相功能不全面甚至误选相的弊端。
提出了新的适用于现场应用的综合选相元件。首先引入了电压辅助选相,即故障后初始阶段利用电压选相和电流选相共同确定故障相别,之后再利用电流选相判断具体的故障相线,解决了单纯电流选相时因电流互感器(current tranformer, CT)饱和而漏选故障相的问题；其次提出了一种反向同向相电流比值门槛的自适应机制并引入到非近端故障下的电流选相中,增强了电流选相的适应性和可靠性；再次改进了近端故障判别的原则,避免了线路“近端”与“非近端”临界处故障时误选相。本文提出的综合选相元件能够很好的适应现场的复杂情况,且不受线间互感的影响,具有良好的选相能力。
Common-tower double-circuit line has been widely used in power system, due to the advantages of low occupancy of land, short constructing period, high transmission capacity and saving money. But the span between the parallel lines is small, which may more likely to lead to the interline fault. The mutual inductance coupling between parallel lines is obvious, and the fault characteristics are more complicated under various faults. Therefore, when the phase selector for traditional distance protection which only uses single-circuit line's one-terminal electrical quantities is applied to parallel transmission lines, it may lead to mal-operation. The dissertation begins with fault steady-state analysis and focuses on phase selection research using parallel transmission lines'one-terminal electrical quantities. They are mainly including:
Aiming at the parallel lines which have narrow line-to-line distance have more risks on interline fault, a qualitative analysis approach for fault on parallel lines using average mutual inductance has been proposed based on the tower configurations of these double-transmission lines. Through this approach, all the simple faults and interline faults can be anglicized and calculated. Using the average mutual inductance substitutes for mutual inductance between lines and mutual inductance between phases which are little different, the parallel lines'model can be simplified using the average mutual inductance. Via equivalent simplification, the interline fault can be simplified to a virtual single-circuit-line fault form for calculation, and the achieved electric quantities can be used in the original network for calculating those of the parallel lines. It solves the problem that the qualitative analysis for fault on these parallel lines is difficult.
Aiming at in the open literature the fault analysis for fault on parallel lines is not complete and lack of deducing electrical quantity expression, based on the method of six sequence fault component, all the20kind of fault on normal parallel lines has been analyzed. The analysis process considered the transition resistance, and deducing integrated electrical quantity expressions which are related to protection. Via analyzing the achieved electrical quantity expressions, the fault characteristics of six sequence currents at fault point and the measuring point have been researched, so have those of same-direction currents (T-currents). opposite-direction currents (F-currents) and phase-currents'phase components at the measuring point. Besides, the sequence voltages and phase voltages at the measuring point have been studied also. All the theoretical analysis and research provided theoretical foundation for proposing new phase selection scheme for double-circuit line in later study.
A new fault phase selection scheme using parallel lines'one-terminal fault components of phase currents has been proposed. Firstly, select the fault phase using the sum-currents of parallel lines'same-name phases. Then, judge the fault is at the parallel lines near-terminal or not. If it is true, select the fault phase lines via comparing the fault component values and phases of same-name-phase currents; if it is false, select the fault phase lines via comparing the closeness of fault phases' same-name-phase currents, or in other words identify the fault phase lines using the phase component value of F current/T current. The scheme is simple and easy to carry out with no need for long data channels. It can serve for the relay protection's first section. Moreover, it can deal with all kind of short faults on same-tower double circuit lines, especially has better performance for interline fault. It is better than other phase selection methods applied to double-circuit line, which can't deal with complex interline fault even lead to select wrong phases.
A novel comprehensive phase selector which is suitable for applying in on-the-spot application has been presented. Firstly, phase selection with assistant voltages has been brought in, namely after fault happenning phase selector selects the fault phases using voltages and currents separately and gets a result by cooperation, then using currents to judge the specific fault phase lines. In this way, it solves the problem that phase selector which only uses currents misses fault phases because of CT saturation. Secondly, an adaptive mechanism of using the ratio of F current and T current has been proposed and brought in for selecting fault phase lines using currents when the fault is not at the near-terminal. It improves the adaptability and reliability of the phase selection scheme. Thirdly, the rule for judging near-terminal fault has been improved, avoiding unwanted phases selected when the fault point is at the end position of the near-terminal. In general, the presented comprehensive phase selector can fit the complicate working environment well and has remarkable ability for phase selection, without influence of mutual inductance between lines.
引文
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