碟式斯特林热发电熔融盐储热装置及储热腔腐蚀行为研究
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摘要
以碟式聚光器聚焦的太阳能为热源的斯特林热发电系统称为碟式斯特林热发电系统。它具有效率高、无污染、结构灵活等优点,适宜为空间站及山区、边防哨等偏远地区提供大功率电力。但太阳能具有间歇性特点,在乌云遮挡期和太阳落山后(或地球轨道阴影期),直射辐射中断,系统输出功率降低,甚至直接停机。
针对这一问题,美国宇航局(NASA)等单位以空间站太阳能热发电系统为对象,已经研究了熔融盐高温相变储热装置。与空间站条件相比,地面上具有乌云出现随机、持续时间不确定等特点；为了民用和大面积推广,还希望系统功率大、成本低。所以,针对在地面上工作的碟式斯特林热发电系统,需要研发一种新型熔融盐高温相变储热装置。目前国内外研究尚属空白。
本文以现有的单缸和多缸碟式配气活塞斯特林热发电系统为基础,以民用为目标,侧重于成本、大功率等方面的考虑,设计了地面碟式斯特林热发电系统用熔融盐高温相变吸热储热装置。结合钠热管优点,改进得到了一种碟式斯特林热发电系统高温热管吸热储热装置结构。另外,为了减小对储热腔材料高温力学性能的要求,提出了热封装工艺,以便延长吸热储热腔使用寿命,提高设备运行安全性。与NASA设计的空间站储热装置相比,本装置的材料成本降低了35.6%。
为了分析设计的吸热储热装置性能,优化结构参数,以Fluent CFD软件为平台,研究了吸热储热腔周围的空气无强迫对流时,吸热腔结构(光圈型、风裙型和开口型)、参数(高度、直径、入光孔尺寸)和安装倾角对储热腔及其周围空气的温度场、辐射场、压力场和空气自然对流场的影响规律；分析了这些因素与吸热腔内壁辐射热流密度、温度分布关系。结果表明,吸热腔高度和内径对腔体内壁辐射热流密度、温度及其均方差影响很大,推荐了最优高度和内径关联式；三种结构吸热储热腔辐射场、温度场特征相似,并且周围空气均发生了复杂的自然对流现象,在储热腔外壁附近形成最大流速约1.5m/s的高速空气带；光圈型吸热储热腔结构最佳,并且应采用半锥角为30°的圆锥形反射器；吸热腔内壁平均辐射热流密度和平均温度随光圈直径增大呈指数规律降低；吸热腔倾角在[-π/4,π/4]范围时热损失较低；腔内压强梯度明显,腔体周围压强分布均匀。
讨论了环境风强迫对流作用下,风速、吸热腔倾角对吸热储热腔及周围空气的辐射场、温度场、压力场和强迫对流场的影响。腔体内压强比较均匀,基本完全是对流区；腔体外迎风侧呈正压,背风侧压强较低,并且形成了巨大的流动漩涡,自然对流特征消失。揭示了风速和吸热储热装置倾角对吸热腔内壁温度的影响规律。对于任一风速,θ∈[-π/2,π/4]时,吸热腔内壁平均温度随吸热腔倾角增加而增加；0=-π/4时,对流热损失最小。然后,分析了吸热储热装置热损失计算公式。
熔融盐相变吸热储热装置的核心是储热介质。归纳了地面碟式斯特林热发电储热介质选择标准,整理了熔点在100℃～1000℃之间熔融盐数据,筛选出NaCl、 NaF-60%KF和NaF-22CaF2-13MgF2三种无机盐作为高温相变储热介质。针对熔融盐储热介质部分关键参数测量装置复杂,操作麻烦等缺点。研发了测量材料熔化体积变化率的“自加热型探针装置和测量方法”和测量无机盐导热系数的装置。以分析纯NaCl、LiF-CaF2等材料为试样,测量结果与报道值或计算机模拟值一致。
将熔融盐储热介质盛装在本文设计的吸热储热装置中,并与现有碟式斯特林热发电系统结合,才能实现其价值。所以,结合地面民用特殊性,为了避免现有储热方案“过等待”和“过烧”问题,提供了“两级变能集热储热方案”,分析了集热、储热和用热能量平衡关系。并采用C语言,在Vc++2012平台上设计了“多缸双作用双曲轴碟式斯特林发动机熔融盐相变储热系统设计程序”,它集斯特林发动机结构设计、运行特性分析、储热介质选择、吸热储热装置设计、热损失分析、重量分析、成本预算等功能于一体。采用该程序设计了40kW和20kW熔融盐储热碟式斯特林热发电系统,其中发动机系统的关键参数与文献报道值一致；展示了曲轴转角与容积、压强关系图,P-V图,也与报道值相同。采用的算法收敛性好,计算效率高。该程序降低了系统设计人员的工作强度,有助于提高设计效率。
熔融盐对储热腔材料的腐蚀是该吸热储热装置最关键的问题。为了明确储热介质NaCl对腔体材料的具体腐蚀行为,选取Fe基、Cr基、Ni基、Co基各一种代表性合金和Fe-24.4wt.%Al合金作为储热腔体材料,揭示了它们在850℃熔融NaCl中短期(15h)和长期(192h)腐蚀特征,分析了主要元素对其耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,试验的五种腔体材料均满足线性腐蚀规律；Cr基试样单位表面积单位时间内质量损失率最大,Fe-24.4wt.%Al试样质量损失率最小。腐蚀15h后,Fe基和Fe-Al试样腐蚀特征不明显,Cr基试样表现出明显的晶间腐蚀特征,但α和γ相分布均匀；Ni基试样腐蚀特征也不明显,但距试样表面约15μm范围内Cr严重贫化,Fe和Ni元素含量变化不大；Co基试样表面形成厚约12μm的层状疏松腐蚀层。腐蚀192h后,Fe基试样表现出非均匀腐蚀特征,腐蚀层附近基体中Cr元素含量严重降低,其余试样均表现出均匀腐蚀特征；Co基试样在整个范围内均发生了严重的晶间腐蚀；Fe-Al试样表面形成了A1203,没有Fe的氧化物；并且由于A1的贫化,在靠近腐蚀层的基体中生成了新相。合金中的Cr元素以气体CrCl3的形式逃逸系统是导致试样质量损失率增大的主要因素。所以,NaCl储热容器材料中应当避免添加Cr元素。
本研究为在地面工作的熔融盐储热碟式斯特林热发电系统产业化奠定了理论基础,提供了技术支持。
The dish Stirling thermal power system is characterized by taking solar energy with a dish-condenser as thermal resource to maintain Stirling engines. The system has the advantages of high efficient, non-pollution, flexible structure and so on, which is suited to provide powerful electricity for space station and remote areas, such as islet, border post and so on. However, solar energy is an intermittent energy. The output power of the system decrease rapidly, or even shutdown directly after direct radiation is interrupted (when clouds appear, the sun goes down, or orbiting the earth shadow).
To solve this problem, molten salt solar storage energy devices on space power station has been built by NASA and other organizations. Compared with space station, dark clouds appear randomly and last uncertainly on the ground. For civilian use and large area promotion, high-power and low cost are also wanted. So, for the Dish Stirling thermal power system that service on the ground, a new molten salt thermal storage device is needed. At present, studies at home and abroad are still blank.
Therefore, based on the single and multiple cylinder displacer piston dish Stirling thermal power system, target for civil use, put particular emphasis on cost and high power, the molten salt heat collection and storage device of dish Stirling thermal power system (work on the ground) was designed. Combine with the advantages of sodium heat pipe, a heat pipe collection and storage device of dish power system was improved. Besides, thermal packaging process was posted to decrease the requirements of high temperature mechanics performance of thermal storage cavity. That will prolong service life and ensure the system run safely. Compared with the thermal storage device that designed by NASA, the material cost of which lowed35.6%.
In order to analyze the performance of the designed thermal storage device and optimize structure, based on the Fluent CFD platform, the influence of receiver cavity structures (aperture shield type, wind skirt, open cavity), parameters (height, diameter, aperture size) and assemble angles on temperature field of the cavity and the air around it, radiation field and air nature convection field was simulated. The relationships between above-mentioned factors, radiation heat flow density and temperature on the cavity inside surface were analyzed. The results showed that the height and diameter of the heat receiver cavity have obviously influence on radiation heat flow density, temperature and its mean square error. A correlation of the optimal heights and diameters was proposed. The radiation fields and temperature fields of the three kinds of structure heat receiver cavities are similar. Complicated nature convection appeared around the thermal storage cavity. An air band with high velocity of1.5m/s is formed near the outside surface of thermal storage cavity. The aperture shield cavity is the best structure. The conical reflector with30°half cone angle is suggested. The average radiation heat flow density and temperature on the cavity inside surface decreased exponentially with the increase of aperture shield diameter. The heat loss is the lowest when the angle of the heat receiver cavity between-π/4and π/4. The gradient of pressure is evident in the cavity, but pressure is homogeneous around it.
Under the forced convection of environmental wind, the influence of wind speed, the angle of the receiver cavity on the radiation field, temperature field, pressure field and forced convection felid were discussed. Inside heat receiver cavity, the pressure is homogeneous. What's more, the whole cavity was filled with convection zone. On the outside of the cavity, positive pressure on the windward side and negative pressure on the leeward side is shown. Swirl flow formed on the leeward side and the feature of nature convection disappeared. The influence law of wind speed and the angle of heat receiver cavity on the temperature of cavity inside surface are announced. For a certain wind speed, the temperature on the inside surface of the heat receiver cavity increases with the increase of angle θ∈[-π/2,π/4]. The heat loss is the lowest when θ is π/4. At last, the heat loss calculation rules of the thermal storage device were analyzed.
Thermal storage material is the core of the molten salt phase change thermal storage device. The choice criterions of molten salt thermal storage material which is used on dish Stirling thermal power system were are summarized. Hundreds of molten salt (melting point between100℃～1000℃) were sorted out. Based on the standards of dish Stirling thermal power system, NaCl, NaF-60%KF and NaF-22CaF2-13MgF2were chosen as thermal storage material. The device, which is used for measuring molting volume change rate and conductivity, has the disadvantages of complicated structure, operation trivial and so on. So, the self-heating probe instrument and method, the equipment of measuring inorganic heat conduction coefficient were invented. The measuring results are consistent with reported or simulated values.
The value of molten salt thermal storage medium will be realized only when it is contained in the self-designed thermal storage cavity and united with dish Stirling thermal power system. Therefore, combining the characteristic of on land and civil use,'the scheme of thermal collector and storage with two grade energy' was put forward to avoid'waiting too long' or 'temperature too high' of convectional scheme. The energy balance relationships of thermal collector, storage and consumption were analyzed. A program of'The designing of multi-cylinder double-acting double crank dish Stirling engine molten salt phase change thermal storage system' was written in language C on Vc++2012platform. The program is a collection of the Stirling engine structure design, operating characteristic analysis, thermal storage choose, the design of thermal collector and storage, the analysis of heat loss and weight, cost budgeting and so on. A system of40kW and20kW dish Stirling thermal power system with molten salt thermal storage device was designed with the program. Critical parapets of Stirling engine were agreed with reported values. The relationships among crank angle, volume, pressure and P-V were shown. The algorithm employed has a good convergence. The program is helpful to reduce the system design work strength and improve the design efficiency.
The most crucial problem of the thermal storage device is the corrosion of molten salt on the cavity material, In order to analyze the corrosion behaves of alloy in molten NaCl thermal storage medium, one kind of typical alloy from Fe-based, Cr-based, Ni-based, Co-based respectively and Fe-24.4wt.%Al alloy were chosen as thermal storage container material. The corrosion behaviors of them in850℃molten NaCl at short time (15h) and long time (192h) were studied. The results showed that the corrosion characteristic of the selected alloy follows linear rule. Mass loss rate of Cr-based is the largest and Fe-24.4wt.%Al is the smallest on unit surface at unit time. After corroded15h, corrosion feature of Fe-based and Fe-24.4wt.%Al samples are not obvious. Intergranular corrosion feature on Cr-based sample is evident. α phase and y phase are well-distributed. Corrosion feature is not obvious for Ni-based sample. But the content of Cr decreased severely near sample surface within15μm. The content change of Fe and Ni is not obvious. A corrosion layer about15μm formed on Co-based sample. After corroded192h, no-uniformity corrosion happened on Fe-based sample and uniformity corrosion happened on the other kinds of samples. The content of Cr decreased near corrosion layer. Intergranular corrosion happened within the whole Co-based sample. Al2O3is formed on the surface of Fe-24.4wt.%Al sample, and there is no iron oxide on sample surface. A new phase formed near sample surface on the base of Fe-24.4wt.%Al sample for the deletion of Al. Cr escapes from the corrosion system as gas CrCl3, which is the primary cause of mass loss. Consequently, Cr should be avoid adding in thermal storage cavity material of NaCl.
The study lays theoretical foundation and provides technical support for industria-lization of dish Stirling thermal power system with molten salt thermal storage device.
针对这一问题,美国宇航局(NASA)等单位以空间站太阳能热发电系统为对象,已经研究了熔融盐高温相变储热装置。与空间站条件相比,地面上具有乌云出现随机、持续时间不确定等特点；为了民用和大面积推广,还希望系统功率大、成本低。所以,针对在地面上工作的碟式斯特林热发电系统,需要研发一种新型熔融盐高温相变储热装置。目前国内外研究尚属空白。
本文以现有的单缸和多缸碟式配气活塞斯特林热发电系统为基础,以民用为目标,侧重于成本、大功率等方面的考虑,设计了地面碟式斯特林热发电系统用熔融盐高温相变吸热储热装置。结合钠热管优点,改进得到了一种碟式斯特林热发电系统高温热管吸热储热装置结构。另外,为了减小对储热腔材料高温力学性能的要求,提出了热封装工艺,以便延长吸热储热腔使用寿命,提高设备运行安全性。与NASA设计的空间站储热装置相比,本装置的材料成本降低了35.6%。
为了分析设计的吸热储热装置性能,优化结构参数,以Fluent CFD软件为平台,研究了吸热储热腔周围的空气无强迫对流时,吸热腔结构(光圈型、风裙型和开口型)、参数(高度、直径、入光孔尺寸)和安装倾角对储热腔及其周围空气的温度场、辐射场、压力场和空气自然对流场的影响规律；分析了这些因素与吸热腔内壁辐射热流密度、温度分布关系。结果表明,吸热腔高度和内径对腔体内壁辐射热流密度、温度及其均方差影响很大,推荐了最优高度和内径关联式；三种结构吸热储热腔辐射场、温度场特征相似,并且周围空气均发生了复杂的自然对流现象,在储热腔外壁附近形成最大流速约1.5m/s的高速空气带；光圈型吸热储热腔结构最佳,并且应采用半锥角为30°的圆锥形反射器；吸热腔内壁平均辐射热流密度和平均温度随光圈直径增大呈指数规律降低；吸热腔倾角在[-π/4,π/4]范围时热损失较低；腔内压强梯度明显,腔体周围压强分布均匀。
讨论了环境风强迫对流作用下,风速、吸热腔倾角对吸热储热腔及周围空气的辐射场、温度场、压力场和强迫对流场的影响。腔体内压强比较均匀,基本完全是对流区；腔体外迎风侧呈正压,背风侧压强较低,并且形成了巨大的流动漩涡,自然对流特征消失。揭示了风速和吸热储热装置倾角对吸热腔内壁温度的影响规律。对于任一风速,θ∈[-π/2,π/4]时,吸热腔内壁平均温度随吸热腔倾角增加而增加；0=-π/4时,对流热损失最小。然后,分析了吸热储热装置热损失计算公式。
熔融盐相变吸热储热装置的核心是储热介质。归纳了地面碟式斯特林热发电储热介质选择标准,整理了熔点在100℃～1000℃之间熔融盐数据,筛选出NaCl、 NaF-60%KF和NaF-22CaF2-13MgF2三种无机盐作为高温相变储热介质。针对熔融盐储热介质部分关键参数测量装置复杂,操作麻烦等缺点。研发了测量材料熔化体积变化率的“自加热型探针装置和测量方法”和测量无机盐导热系数的装置。以分析纯NaCl、LiF-CaF2等材料为试样,测量结果与报道值或计算机模拟值一致。
将熔融盐储热介质盛装在本文设计的吸热储热装置中,并与现有碟式斯特林热发电系统结合,才能实现其价值。所以,结合地面民用特殊性,为了避免现有储热方案“过等待”和“过烧”问题,提供了“两级变能集热储热方案”,分析了集热、储热和用热能量平衡关系。并采用C语言,在Vc++2012平台上设计了“多缸双作用双曲轴碟式斯特林发动机熔融盐相变储热系统设计程序”,它集斯特林发动机结构设计、运行特性分析、储热介质选择、吸热储热装置设计、热损失分析、重量分析、成本预算等功能于一体。采用该程序设计了40kW和20kW熔融盐储热碟式斯特林热发电系统,其中发动机系统的关键参数与文献报道值一致；展示了曲轴转角与容积、压强关系图,P-V图,也与报道值相同。采用的算法收敛性好,计算效率高。该程序降低了系统设计人员的工作强度,有助于提高设计效率。
熔融盐对储热腔材料的腐蚀是该吸热储热装置最关键的问题。为了明确储热介质NaCl对腔体材料的具体腐蚀行为,选取Fe基、Cr基、Ni基、Co基各一种代表性合金和Fe-24.4wt.%Al合金作为储热腔体材料,揭示了它们在850℃熔融NaCl中短期(15h)和长期(192h)腐蚀特征,分析了主要元素对其耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,试验的五种腔体材料均满足线性腐蚀规律；Cr基试样单位表面积单位时间内质量损失率最大,Fe-24.4wt.%Al试样质量损失率最小。腐蚀15h后,Fe基和Fe-Al试样腐蚀特征不明显,Cr基试样表现出明显的晶间腐蚀特征,但α和γ相分布均匀；Ni基试样腐蚀特征也不明显,但距试样表面约15μm范围内Cr严重贫化,Fe和Ni元素含量变化不大；Co基试样表面形成厚约12μm的层状疏松腐蚀层。腐蚀192h后,Fe基试样表现出非均匀腐蚀特征,腐蚀层附近基体中Cr元素含量严重降低,其余试样均表现出均匀腐蚀特征；Co基试样在整个范围内均发生了严重的晶间腐蚀；Fe-Al试样表面形成了A1203,没有Fe的氧化物；并且由于A1的贫化,在靠近腐蚀层的基体中生成了新相。合金中的Cr元素以气体CrCl3的形式逃逸系统是导致试样质量损失率增大的主要因素。所以,NaCl储热容器材料中应当避免添加Cr元素。
本研究为在地面工作的熔融盐储热碟式斯特林热发电系统产业化奠定了理论基础,提供了技术支持。
The dish Stirling thermal power system is characterized by taking solar energy with a dish-condenser as thermal resource to maintain Stirling engines. The system has the advantages of high efficient, non-pollution, flexible structure and so on, which is suited to provide powerful electricity for space station and remote areas, such as islet, border post and so on. However, solar energy is an intermittent energy. The output power of the system decrease rapidly, or even shutdown directly after direct radiation is interrupted (when clouds appear, the sun goes down, or orbiting the earth shadow).
To solve this problem, molten salt solar storage energy devices on space power station has been built by NASA and other organizations. Compared with space station, dark clouds appear randomly and last uncertainly on the ground. For civilian use and large area promotion, high-power and low cost are also wanted. So, for the Dish Stirling thermal power system that service on the ground, a new molten salt thermal storage device is needed. At present, studies at home and abroad are still blank.
Therefore, based on the single and multiple cylinder displacer piston dish Stirling thermal power system, target for civil use, put particular emphasis on cost and high power, the molten salt heat collection and storage device of dish Stirling thermal power system (work on the ground) was designed. Combine with the advantages of sodium heat pipe, a heat pipe collection and storage device of dish power system was improved. Besides, thermal packaging process was posted to decrease the requirements of high temperature mechanics performance of thermal storage cavity. That will prolong service life and ensure the system run safely. Compared with the thermal storage device that designed by NASA, the material cost of which lowed35.6%.
In order to analyze the performance of the designed thermal storage device and optimize structure, based on the Fluent CFD platform, the influence of receiver cavity structures (aperture shield type, wind skirt, open cavity), parameters (height, diameter, aperture size) and assemble angles on temperature field of the cavity and the air around it, radiation field and air nature convection field was simulated. The relationships between above-mentioned factors, radiation heat flow density and temperature on the cavity inside surface were analyzed. The results showed that the height and diameter of the heat receiver cavity have obviously influence on radiation heat flow density, temperature and its mean square error. A correlation of the optimal heights and diameters was proposed. The radiation fields and temperature fields of the three kinds of structure heat receiver cavities are similar. Complicated nature convection appeared around the thermal storage cavity. An air band with high velocity of1.5m/s is formed near the outside surface of thermal storage cavity. The aperture shield cavity is the best structure. The conical reflector with30°half cone angle is suggested. The average radiation heat flow density and temperature on the cavity inside surface decreased exponentially with the increase of aperture shield diameter. The heat loss is the lowest when the angle of the heat receiver cavity between-π/4and π/4. The gradient of pressure is evident in the cavity, but pressure is homogeneous around it.
Under the forced convection of environmental wind, the influence of wind speed, the angle of the receiver cavity on the radiation field, temperature field, pressure field and forced convection felid were discussed. Inside heat receiver cavity, the pressure is homogeneous. What's more, the whole cavity was filled with convection zone. On the outside of the cavity, positive pressure on the windward side and negative pressure on the leeward side is shown. Swirl flow formed on the leeward side and the feature of nature convection disappeared. The influence law of wind speed and the angle of heat receiver cavity on the temperature of cavity inside surface are announced. For a certain wind speed, the temperature on the inside surface of the heat receiver cavity increases with the increase of angle θ∈[-π/2,π/4]. The heat loss is the lowest when θ is π/4. At last, the heat loss calculation rules of the thermal storage device were analyzed.
Thermal storage material is the core of the molten salt phase change thermal storage device. The choice criterions of molten salt thermal storage material which is used on dish Stirling thermal power system were are summarized. Hundreds of molten salt (melting point between100℃～1000℃) were sorted out. Based on the standards of dish Stirling thermal power system, NaCl, NaF-60%KF and NaF-22CaF2-13MgF2were chosen as thermal storage material. The device, which is used for measuring molting volume change rate and conductivity, has the disadvantages of complicated structure, operation trivial and so on. So, the self-heating probe instrument and method, the equipment of measuring inorganic heat conduction coefficient were invented. The measuring results are consistent with reported or simulated values.
The value of molten salt thermal storage medium will be realized only when it is contained in the self-designed thermal storage cavity and united with dish Stirling thermal power system. Therefore, combining the characteristic of on land and civil use,'the scheme of thermal collector and storage with two grade energy' was put forward to avoid'waiting too long' or 'temperature too high' of convectional scheme. The energy balance relationships of thermal collector, storage and consumption were analyzed. A program of'The designing of multi-cylinder double-acting double crank dish Stirling engine molten salt phase change thermal storage system' was written in language C on Vc++2012platform. The program is a collection of the Stirling engine structure design, operating characteristic analysis, thermal storage choose, the design of thermal collector and storage, the analysis of heat loss and weight, cost budgeting and so on. A system of40kW and20kW dish Stirling thermal power system with molten salt thermal storage device was designed with the program. Critical parapets of Stirling engine were agreed with reported values. The relationships among crank angle, volume, pressure and P-V were shown. The algorithm employed has a good convergence. The program is helpful to reduce the system design work strength and improve the design efficiency.
The most crucial problem of the thermal storage device is the corrosion of molten salt on the cavity material, In order to analyze the corrosion behaves of alloy in molten NaCl thermal storage medium, one kind of typical alloy from Fe-based, Cr-based, Ni-based, Co-based respectively and Fe-24.4wt.%Al alloy were chosen as thermal storage container material. The corrosion behaviors of them in850℃molten NaCl at short time (15h) and long time (192h) were studied. The results showed that the corrosion characteristic of the selected alloy follows linear rule. Mass loss rate of Cr-based is the largest and Fe-24.4wt.%Al is the smallest on unit surface at unit time. After corroded15h, corrosion feature of Fe-based and Fe-24.4wt.%Al samples are not obvious. Intergranular corrosion feature on Cr-based sample is evident. α phase and y phase are well-distributed. Corrosion feature is not obvious for Ni-based sample. But the content of Cr decreased severely near sample surface within15μm. The content change of Fe and Ni is not obvious. A corrosion layer about15μm formed on Co-based sample. After corroded192h, no-uniformity corrosion happened on Fe-based sample and uniformity corrosion happened on the other kinds of samples. The content of Cr decreased near corrosion layer. Intergranular corrosion happened within the whole Co-based sample. Al2O3is formed on the surface of Fe-24.4wt.%Al sample, and there is no iron oxide on sample surface. A new phase formed near sample surface on the base of Fe-24.4wt.%Al sample for the deletion of Al. Cr escapes from the corrosion system as gas CrCl3, which is the primary cause of mass loss. Consequently, Cr should be avoid adding in thermal storage cavity material of NaCl.
The study lays theoretical foundation and provides technical support for industria-lization of dish Stirling thermal power system with molten salt thermal storage device.
引文
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