激光对抗中的告警和欺骗干扰技术
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摘要
激光技术在现代战场上的应用已覆盖了侦察定位、通信、制导、火控、激光武器等各个领域。所以，为了提高生存能力，打赢现代化战争，有针对性的激光对抗技术的发展是必然的也是必要的。本文从激光对抗入手，按照实战双方的对抗流程，分别对激光制导、激光告警、激光干扰做了相应的介绍和研究。所完成的主要工作如下：
1.从激光对抗的源头激光制导开始，分别对激光制导的原理、特点进行了详细的介绍，并重点针对目前一般激光制导武器识别激光制导信号所采用的四象限光电探测器的工作原理进行了分析。其次，重点阐述了激光制导武器的制导方式，并详细分析现代战争中最常见的制导方式—半主动制导的制导原理及其优缺点。
2.完成激光制导武器对抗的首要工作是告警过程。本文分析了现有告警接收设备的工作原理，并通过分析激光在大气传输中的影响因素和理论上对激光告警检测概率与信噪比关系的论证，提出了基于阿达玛变换的提高激光告警设备接收信号信噪比的方法。针对激光参数之一的波长（包括入射方向）的获取采取了基于正弦振幅透射光栅衍射原理的测试方法。
3.为了保证较好的抗干扰性能，激光脉冲编码是半主动激光制导武器采用的一种抗干扰措施。而激光对抗中为了达到干扰的目的就必须对激光的编码方式进行研究。本文针对目前的激光制导武器最常用的精确频率码和较有发展前景的伪随机码的编码方式和干扰方法分别进行了研究。
4.激光对抗中一种比较有效的干扰方法是激光角度欺骗干扰。本文对该干扰方法的原理、过程进行了详细分析，并重点针对干扰过程中的假目标选取和布设进行研究，确定了在自然条件下假目标选取时的优先选择和目标的防护区域问题。
5.为了解干扰系统的实用性，需要对其干扰性能进行评估，本文在理论上对无干扰时激光制导武器的杀伤概率，进行激光角度欺骗时干扰信号进入波门的概率，激光角度欺骗干扰成功时的概率以及干扰成功时对目标的杀伤概率进行了计算。
The application of laser technology in modern battlefield has covered in every filedabout investigation positioning, communication, guidance, fire control and laser weapons.Therefore, in order to improve the survival ability and win the modern war, it is inevitable andnecessary to develop the special technology of laser countermeasure. According to thecountermeasure process of actual combat both sides, this article introduce laser guidance,laser warning and laser jamming starting from laser countermeasure respectively. The mainwork accomplished as follows:
1. From the source of laser countermeasure began, the principle and characteristic oflaser guidance is introduced respectively. Furthermore, analyze the working principle of4-quadrant photoelectric detector that is used for the common laser guidance weapons incurrent. Moreover focus on guidance system of laser guidance weapons, and details analyzethe guidance principle, merits and demerits of semi-active homing guidance in the modernwar.
2. Laser warning is the first task against the laser guidance weapon. This article analyzethe operating principle of existing alarm receiving equipment, and by analyzing laser inatmospheric transmission of the influencing factors, it theoretically proved the relationship oflaser alarm detection probability and signal to noise ratio (SNR). Propose a way based onHadamard Transform that improves the SNR of received signals about the laser alarmreceiving equipment. According to one of the parameters of the laser wavelength (includingincidence direction) acquisition, this paper adopted a kind of test method based on sinusoidalamplitude transmission grating diffraction principle.
3. In order to ensure preferable interference rejection performance, the laser pulse code isa measure that semi-active homing guidance weapon has adopted. However, in order toachieve the purpose of interference in laser countermeasure must be the coding method oflaser was studied. This paper contra poses the most commonly used precise frequency codeand better prospects for the development of pseudo-random code of laser guided weaponscoding mode and interference method were studied respectively.
4. A kind of more effective interference method is laser angle deception jamming in lasercountermeasure. This paper analyzes the principle of method and process in detail about theinterference method, and focusing on the false target selection and layout research ofinterference in the process, determine the natural condition in false target selection ofpreference and target protection regional issues.
5. In order to understand the practicality of the jamming system, it is necessary toevaluate the jamming performance. Four probabilities are calculated and discussed in theessay,which are the damage probability of laser guidance weapons without interference, theprobability of jamming signal succeeding in going into the wave door when conducting laserangle deception, the probability of succeeding in laser deception and the damage probabilityto targets when deception is achieved.
1.从激光对抗的源头激光制导开始，分别对激光制导的原理、特点进行了详细的介绍，并重点针对目前一般激光制导武器识别激光制导信号所采用的四象限光电探测器的工作原理进行了分析。其次，重点阐述了激光制导武器的制导方式，并详细分析现代战争中最常见的制导方式—半主动制导的制导原理及其优缺点。
2.完成激光制导武器对抗的首要工作是告警过程。本文分析了现有告警接收设备的工作原理，并通过分析激光在大气传输中的影响因素和理论上对激光告警检测概率与信噪比关系的论证，提出了基于阿达玛变换的提高激光告警设备接收信号信噪比的方法。针对激光参数之一的波长（包括入射方向）的获取采取了基于正弦振幅透射光栅衍射原理的测试方法。
3.为了保证较好的抗干扰性能，激光脉冲编码是半主动激光制导武器采用的一种抗干扰措施。而激光对抗中为了达到干扰的目的就必须对激光的编码方式进行研究。本文针对目前的激光制导武器最常用的精确频率码和较有发展前景的伪随机码的编码方式和干扰方法分别进行了研究。
4.激光对抗中一种比较有效的干扰方法是激光角度欺骗干扰。本文对该干扰方法的原理、过程进行了详细分析，并重点针对干扰过程中的假目标选取和布设进行研究，确定了在自然条件下假目标选取时的优先选择和目标的防护区域问题。
5.为了解干扰系统的实用性，需要对其干扰性能进行评估，本文在理论上对无干扰时激光制导武器的杀伤概率，进行激光角度欺骗时干扰信号进入波门的概率，激光角度欺骗干扰成功时的概率以及干扰成功时对目标的杀伤概率进行了计算。
The application of laser technology in modern battlefield has covered in every filedabout investigation positioning, communication, guidance, fire control and laser weapons.Therefore, in order to improve the survival ability and win the modern war, it is inevitable andnecessary to develop the special technology of laser countermeasure. According to thecountermeasure process of actual combat both sides, this article introduce laser guidance,laser warning and laser jamming starting from laser countermeasure respectively. The mainwork accomplished as follows:
1. From the source of laser countermeasure began, the principle and characteristic oflaser guidance is introduced respectively. Furthermore, analyze the working principle of4-quadrant photoelectric detector that is used for the common laser guidance weapons incurrent. Moreover focus on guidance system of laser guidance weapons, and details analyzethe guidance principle, merits and demerits of semi-active homing guidance in the modernwar.
2. Laser warning is the first task against the laser guidance weapon. This article analyzethe operating principle of existing alarm receiving equipment, and by analyzing laser inatmospheric transmission of the influencing factors, it theoretically proved the relationship oflaser alarm detection probability and signal to noise ratio (SNR). Propose a way based onHadamard Transform that improves the SNR of received signals about the laser alarmreceiving equipment. According to one of the parameters of the laser wavelength (includingincidence direction) acquisition, this paper adopted a kind of test method based on sinusoidalamplitude transmission grating diffraction principle.
3. In order to ensure preferable interference rejection performance, the laser pulse code isa measure that semi-active homing guidance weapon has adopted. However, in order toachieve the purpose of interference in laser countermeasure must be the coding method oflaser was studied. This paper contra poses the most commonly used precise frequency codeand better prospects for the development of pseudo-random code of laser guided weaponscoding mode and interference method were studied respectively.
4. A kind of more effective interference method is laser angle deception jamming in lasercountermeasure. This paper analyzes the principle of method and process in detail about theinterference method, and focusing on the false target selection and layout research ofinterference in the process, determine the natural condition in false target selection ofpreference and target protection regional issues.
5. In order to understand the practicality of the jamming system, it is necessary toevaluate the jamming performance. Four probabilities are calculated and discussed in theessay,which are the damage probability of laser guidance weapons without interference, theprobability of jamming signal succeeding in going into the wave door when conducting laserangle deception, the probability of succeeding in laser deception and the damage probabilityto targets when deception is achieved.
引文
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