反射式宽视场高分辨率成像光谱仪光学系统研究
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摘要
成像光谱仪将成像技术和光谱技术相结合，在获得目标影像的同时获得其光谱特征，从而达到利用光谱识别地球表面物质的目的。成像光谱仪由最初的折射式发展到折反射式，再到反射式，实现了口径增大、体积减小、重量减轻、谱段增宽、成本降低等方面的进步。全反射式宽视场高分辨率成像光谱仪是成像光谱技术发展的前沿。为了将反射式光学系统更好的应用于成像光谱仪，本文对其系统分类、结构特点和设计方法进行了研究。其中，离轴三反系统由于其无中心遮拦、体积小、结构紧凑，易实现宽视场、高质量成像等特点被关注。
针对研制的全反射式棱镜色散宽视场高分辨率成像光谱仪光学系统的特点和应用需求，重点研究了宽视场、大相对口径、远心离轴三反系统的设计问题。以共轴三反系统成像理论为基础，分别对孔径光阑位于次镜和孔径光阑位于主镜前两种情况下，三反系统实现远心的条件、初始结构尺寸参数计算式、三级像差表达式及其消像差解法进行了理论分析和推导，并给出了具体的设计实例。结合光纤视场折叠高分辨率超光谱成像仪原理样机的工程实际，采用文中远心离轴三反系统的设计方法，设计出全反射式远心前置望远成像系统和后置光谱分光系统，并进行系统像质评价，得到了满足性能要求的全反射式光纤视场折叠高分辨率超光谱成像仪的光学系统，推进了宽视场高分辨率成像光谱仪在空间光学领域的工程应用。
Imaging Spectrometer, which combines imaging technique with spectrumtechnique, is a kind of apparatus utilized for recognizing the matters on the ground bythe spectrum while obtaining the image of the object as well as its spectrumcharacteristics. Imaging Spectrometry experiences three stages: initially refractivestyle, then refra-reflective style and reflective style till now; correspondingly, itsaperture increases, volume shrinks, weight decreases, spectral range broadens and thecost reduces. All-reflective broad-view high-resolution imaging spectrometer is thefrontier of the development of imaging spectrum technology. In order to applyreflective optical system to the imaging spectrometer, the system classification,structural features and design methods have been researched in this paper, in whichoff-axis three-reflective system is highly focused because of its excellentcharacteristics such as center obscure, small volume, tight structure, easily-realizedbroad-view as well as high-quality imaging.
Aiming to the characteristics and application requirements of the researchedall-reflective prism dispersion broad-view high-resolution imaging spectrometer, themain work is focused on the design issues for this broad-view, large F#and eccentricoff-axis three-reflective optical system. Based on the imaging theory of on-axisthree-reflective system, two cases when stop on the secondary mirror and in front of the primary mirror are taken respectively, in which the conditions for realizingeccentric, initial structure design parameter formulas and third-order aberrationexpressions as well as its aberration-free solution methods are analyzed and derivedtheoretically; furthermore, several specific design examples are listed. Combined withthe engineering situation of the fiber folded FOV high-resolution hyperspectralimager prototype, the design method of eccentric off-axis three-reflective in this paperis employed to design an all-reflective eccentric pre telescope imaging system as wellas a post spectrum beam-split system. After evaluating the image quality of thedesigned system, an all-reflective fiber folded FOV high-resolution hyperspectralimager optical system which satisfies the performance requirements is achieved, andthe engineering application of the broad-view high-resolution imaging spectrometer inspace optics is improved.
针对研制的全反射式棱镜色散宽视场高分辨率成像光谱仪光学系统的特点和应用需求，重点研究了宽视场、大相对口径、远心离轴三反系统的设计问题。以共轴三反系统成像理论为基础，分别对孔径光阑位于次镜和孔径光阑位于主镜前两种情况下，三反系统实现远心的条件、初始结构尺寸参数计算式、三级像差表达式及其消像差解法进行了理论分析和推导，并给出了具体的设计实例。结合光纤视场折叠高分辨率超光谱成像仪原理样机的工程实际，采用文中远心离轴三反系统的设计方法，设计出全反射式远心前置望远成像系统和后置光谱分光系统，并进行系统像质评价，得到了满足性能要求的全反射式光纤视场折叠高分辨率超光谱成像仪的光学系统，推进了宽视场高分辨率成像光谱仪在空间光学领域的工程应用。
Imaging Spectrometer, which combines imaging technique with spectrumtechnique, is a kind of apparatus utilized for recognizing the matters on the ground bythe spectrum while obtaining the image of the object as well as its spectrumcharacteristics. Imaging Spectrometry experiences three stages: initially refractivestyle, then refra-reflective style and reflective style till now; correspondingly, itsaperture increases, volume shrinks, weight decreases, spectral range broadens and thecost reduces. All-reflective broad-view high-resolution imaging spectrometer is thefrontier of the development of imaging spectrum technology. In order to applyreflective optical system to the imaging spectrometer, the system classification,structural features and design methods have been researched in this paper, in whichoff-axis three-reflective system is highly focused because of its excellentcharacteristics such as center obscure, small volume, tight structure, easily-realizedbroad-view as well as high-quality imaging.
Aiming to the characteristics and application requirements of the researchedall-reflective prism dispersion broad-view high-resolution imaging spectrometer, themain work is focused on the design issues for this broad-view, large F#and eccentricoff-axis three-reflective optical system. Based on the imaging theory of on-axisthree-reflective system, two cases when stop on the secondary mirror and in front of the primary mirror are taken respectively, in which the conditions for realizingeccentric, initial structure design parameter formulas and third-order aberrationexpressions as well as its aberration-free solution methods are analyzed and derivedtheoretically; furthermore, several specific design examples are listed. Combined withthe engineering situation of the fiber folded FOV high-resolution hyperspectralimager prototype, the design method of eccentric off-axis three-reflective in this paperis employed to design an all-reflective eccentric pre telescope imaging system as wellas a post spectrum beam-split system. After evaluating the image quality of thedesigned system, an all-reflective fiber folded FOV high-resolution hyperspectralimager optical system which satisfies the performance requirements is achieved, andthe engineering application of the broad-view high-resolution imaging spectrometer inspace optics is improved.
引文
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