基于微分同调的微电网降价等效建模理论与方法
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摘要
微电网系统属于分布式、近距离、可控制性强的新型电网,含有大量的特殊电源和电力电子变流装置,动态响应较快,且与大电网之间存在一定的相互渗透性。传统的建模方法着眼于同步发电机等传统电源,在微电网应用中有一定的局限性。因此,本文研究了以电力电子装置为核心元件的微电网建模方法。
传统的建模方法主要是同调等值方法和模式等值方法,这两种方法由于主要针对同步发电机系统,因此直接移植到含有大量新型电源和电力电子变流器的微电网中,并不非常适用。本文以舰船综合电力系统这一典型的微电网系统为主要研究对象,提出适合微电网系统的微分同调等效建模理论以及参数获得和检验方法。
主要研究内容包括：
本文提出了较完整的微电网系统的微分同调等效理论和方法,该方法包括微分同调的定义、同调的判别、参数的小扰动聚合、大扰动的解析理论、参数的辨识获得方法以及检验算法等；本文首次将代数拓扑中的微分同调应用于等效建模中。采用了小扰动算法近似化简了并联型变流器的模型并详细给出了计算流程,最后通过舰船综合电力系统计算,说明了该方法的作用。大扰动情况下通过将电力电子电路转化为达芬型非线性电路,从而尝试采用数值计算的方法进行解析等效建模。上述内容在第二章到第五章中分别论述。
第二章微电网系统可等值性理论和方法研究中,首先通过IEEE34节点的风电算例论述了以同步电机为对象的同调等值算法,并说明了其存在的四点显著缺陷。然后通过多尺度的小波包算法在单相变流器并联电路中验证了在不同时间尺度下,同调等值算法能够从同步电机的机电暂态分析(同调等值主要依据是机电暂态的功角变化),扩展到电力电子装置的电磁暂态过程。接着,论述了数学上的微分同调的概念以及其在三相变流器中的物理意义,说明了同调等值是微分同调的一种特例。通过单相变流器并联电路的参数聚合,初步验证了微分同调算法的效果。电力系统中的大扰动往往体现为系统严重振荡或者三相不对称,这种情况下无法通过小信号的线性化方法直接近似,本文尝试将其转化为达芬型非线性电路,并给出近似的连续非线性方程。
第三章微电网系统等能计算的等值模型及其表示方法中,首先介绍了EPRI的大电网同调等值聚合方法,该算法分为模型表示、母线聚合、网络聚合、机群聚合等步骤,该算法已经广泛被应用在电力系统建模中。随后,提出了电力电子装置的在微分同调下的时域聚合方法,并参照同调等值方法,将算法过程分为变流器容抗阻抗的等效聚合、变流器所带负荷的等效、功率控制环节的聚合过程、电压环节的聚合过程、电流环节的聚合过程等五个步骤,并在第五章中针对舰船电力综合系统的交流和直流环节进行了等效分析。最后,对达芬非线性电路采用了谐波平衡等数值解析方法求得了近似解,近似解是一个只含有系统参数的表达式,能够通过代入系统参数而进行近似等效,这能够极大化简模型表示。
第四章微电网系统等值参数的辨识和校验方法中,阐述了微电网的模型辨识和校验方法,该方法包括可最小二乘辨识、梯度参数估计以及主观校验方法等,这些方法能够有效的辨识系统参数,扩展微分同调方法的工程应用。
第五章的研究对象是舰船综合电力系统,是一种典型的微电网系统。其分为交流部分和直流部分两大部分,交流部分含有同步电机等传统电源,也含有异步电动机等负载。本文在小扰动和大扰动情况下对其进行了等效。直流部分含有大量电力电子变流器,本文采用第三章的频率聚合方法进行了等效,并通过实验室搭建动模仿真系统进行了试验验证,证明了微分同调意义下的频率聚合方法是有效的。通过第三章的达芬非线性电路和第五章的舰船综合电力系统算例,系统的验证了小扰动下和大扰动下,微分同调意义下都能够进行等效建模。
Micro-grid system is a distributed, short-distance, controllable network, and it contains a lot of special electric power generators and power electronic devices which has fast dynamic response. The power between micro-grid system and great-grid system is permeable. As a result, the traditional modeling method can not resolve all the problems in micro-grid system. Therefore, this dissertation involves a novel method attempting to present an equivalence method for micro-grid system.
Coherency equivalence method and mode equivalence method are well applied in the power systems. These two methods mainly fit for synchronous generator system in stead of the micro-grid system containing a large number of new power supplies and power electronics converters. In this paper, ship power system, one of the typical micro-grid systems is emphasized to proposed differential cohomology equivalent modeling theory for micro-grid system.
The main contents include:
This paper proposed a more complete micro-grid system of differential cohomology equivalent theory, including the definition,the discrimination, the parameters of the small perturbation polymerization method as well as testing algorithm for large perturbations of analytic theory, the parameters of the recognition.This article firstly apply cohomology differential algebraic topology for equivalence. The small perturbation algorithm the approximate simplified parallel converter model and the calculation process is given in detail, with the example of ship power system. To resolve the problem of the equivalent modeling under large disturbance, this dissertation attempts to change the equivalent modeling power electronic circuits into Duffing type nonlinear circuit. The above discussed present between chapter2to chapter5.
In chapter2, IEEE34node of wind power is researched firstly to illustrate the coherency method which is widely-used in the power systems and it tips4disadvantages for micro-grid systems. This dissertation spread equivalents algorithm from motor electromechanical transient analysis of the synchronous generators to electromagnetic transient analysis of inverters by multi-scale wavelet packet algorithm. And then it discusses the the differential cohomology mathematical concepts and the physical meaning of the three-phase inverter to figure out coherency equivalents is a special case of the differential cohomology. the effect of differential cohomology algorithm is validated by single-phase variable flow parallel circuit parameters polymerization. Large disturbances in the power system are often serious oscillations or unbalanced three phase voltages. This case can not be directly through the small-signal linearity approximation, so this article attempts to transformed Duffing type nonlinear circuit and gives approximate continuous nonlinear equations his article attempts to transformed Duffing type nonlinear circuit and gives approximate continuous nonlinear equations.
In chapter3, EPRI's power grid with tone equivalents polymerization method first introduced, which is divided into the stepsof the model, busbar polymerization, network aggregation fleet polymerization. The algorithm has been widely applied in the power system modeling. Subsequently, the time-domain differential cohomology polymerization method for the power electronic devices is presented. Refered to the coherency equivalents method, the time-domain differential cohomology polymerization method is divided into5steps of a converter capacitance impedance equivalent polymerization, the the equivalent converter load carried by the power control aspects of the polymerization process, part of the polymerization process of the voltage and current link polymerization process. Equivalent AC and DC examples for shipboard power systems are analyzed in chapter5. Finally, the Duffing nonlinear circuits using harmonic balance and numerical analysis method to obtain the approximate solution, approximate solution is a system parameter contains only expressions into the system parameters and the approximate equivalent.
In chapter4, microgrids model identification and calibration method, the method of least squares identification the gradient parameter estimates, as well as the subjective validation methods, these methods can be effective recognition system parameters, extended differential cohomology methods of engineering applications.
In chapter5, the large ship power systems, also known as the ship integrated power system is a typical micro-grid system. It is divided into two major AC part and the DC part, AC part contains the traditional power of the synchronous motor also contain asynchronous motor load. Small disturbance and large disturbance case is analyzed. DC part contains a lot of power electronic converters. In this dissertation, the method of polymerization method in chapter3is applied for the equivalence of DC part. And Laboratory test verified the method. By the Duffing nonlinear circuit in chapter3under large disturbance and ship integrated power system example in chapter5under small disturbance, the significance of the differential cohomology are able to carry out the equivalent modeling.
传统的建模方法主要是同调等值方法和模式等值方法,这两种方法由于主要针对同步发电机系统,因此直接移植到含有大量新型电源和电力电子变流器的微电网中,并不非常适用。本文以舰船综合电力系统这一典型的微电网系统为主要研究对象,提出适合微电网系统的微分同调等效建模理论以及参数获得和检验方法。
主要研究内容包括：
本文提出了较完整的微电网系统的微分同调等效理论和方法,该方法包括微分同调的定义、同调的判别、参数的小扰动聚合、大扰动的解析理论、参数的辨识获得方法以及检验算法等；本文首次将代数拓扑中的微分同调应用于等效建模中。采用了小扰动算法近似化简了并联型变流器的模型并详细给出了计算流程,最后通过舰船综合电力系统计算,说明了该方法的作用。大扰动情况下通过将电力电子电路转化为达芬型非线性电路,从而尝试采用数值计算的方法进行解析等效建模。上述内容在第二章到第五章中分别论述。
第二章微电网系统可等值性理论和方法研究中,首先通过IEEE34节点的风电算例论述了以同步电机为对象的同调等值算法,并说明了其存在的四点显著缺陷。然后通过多尺度的小波包算法在单相变流器并联电路中验证了在不同时间尺度下,同调等值算法能够从同步电机的机电暂态分析(同调等值主要依据是机电暂态的功角变化),扩展到电力电子装置的电磁暂态过程。接着,论述了数学上的微分同调的概念以及其在三相变流器中的物理意义,说明了同调等值是微分同调的一种特例。通过单相变流器并联电路的参数聚合,初步验证了微分同调算法的效果。电力系统中的大扰动往往体现为系统严重振荡或者三相不对称,这种情况下无法通过小信号的线性化方法直接近似,本文尝试将其转化为达芬型非线性电路,并给出近似的连续非线性方程。
第三章微电网系统等能计算的等值模型及其表示方法中,首先介绍了EPRI的大电网同调等值聚合方法,该算法分为模型表示、母线聚合、网络聚合、机群聚合等步骤,该算法已经广泛被应用在电力系统建模中。随后,提出了电力电子装置的在微分同调下的时域聚合方法,并参照同调等值方法,将算法过程分为变流器容抗阻抗的等效聚合、变流器所带负荷的等效、功率控制环节的聚合过程、电压环节的聚合过程、电流环节的聚合过程等五个步骤,并在第五章中针对舰船电力综合系统的交流和直流环节进行了等效分析。最后,对达芬非线性电路采用了谐波平衡等数值解析方法求得了近似解,近似解是一个只含有系统参数的表达式,能够通过代入系统参数而进行近似等效,这能够极大化简模型表示。
第四章微电网系统等值参数的辨识和校验方法中,阐述了微电网的模型辨识和校验方法,该方法包括可最小二乘辨识、梯度参数估计以及主观校验方法等,这些方法能够有效的辨识系统参数,扩展微分同调方法的工程应用。
第五章的研究对象是舰船综合电力系统,是一种典型的微电网系统。其分为交流部分和直流部分两大部分,交流部分含有同步电机等传统电源,也含有异步电动机等负载。本文在小扰动和大扰动情况下对其进行了等效。直流部分含有大量电力电子变流器,本文采用第三章的频率聚合方法进行了等效,并通过实验室搭建动模仿真系统进行了试验验证,证明了微分同调意义下的频率聚合方法是有效的。通过第三章的达芬非线性电路和第五章的舰船综合电力系统算例,系统的验证了小扰动下和大扰动下,微分同调意义下都能够进行等效建模。
Micro-grid system is a distributed, short-distance, controllable network, and it contains a lot of special electric power generators and power electronic devices which has fast dynamic response. The power between micro-grid system and great-grid system is permeable. As a result, the traditional modeling method can not resolve all the problems in micro-grid system. Therefore, this dissertation involves a novel method attempting to present an equivalence method for micro-grid system.
Coherency equivalence method and mode equivalence method are well applied in the power systems. These two methods mainly fit for synchronous generator system in stead of the micro-grid system containing a large number of new power supplies and power electronics converters. In this paper, ship power system, one of the typical micro-grid systems is emphasized to proposed differential cohomology equivalent modeling theory for micro-grid system.
The main contents include:
This paper proposed a more complete micro-grid system of differential cohomology equivalent theory, including the definition,the discrimination, the parameters of the small perturbation polymerization method as well as testing algorithm for large perturbations of analytic theory, the parameters of the recognition.This article firstly apply cohomology differential algebraic topology for equivalence. The small perturbation algorithm the approximate simplified parallel converter model and the calculation process is given in detail, with the example of ship power system. To resolve the problem of the equivalent modeling under large disturbance, this dissertation attempts to change the equivalent modeling power electronic circuits into Duffing type nonlinear circuit. The above discussed present between chapter2to chapter5.
In chapter2, IEEE34node of wind power is researched firstly to illustrate the coherency method which is widely-used in the power systems and it tips4disadvantages for micro-grid systems. This dissertation spread equivalents algorithm from motor electromechanical transient analysis of the synchronous generators to electromagnetic transient analysis of inverters by multi-scale wavelet packet algorithm. And then it discusses the the differential cohomology mathematical concepts and the physical meaning of the three-phase inverter to figure out coherency equivalents is a special case of the differential cohomology. the effect of differential cohomology algorithm is validated by single-phase variable flow parallel circuit parameters polymerization. Large disturbances in the power system are often serious oscillations or unbalanced three phase voltages. This case can not be directly through the small-signal linearity approximation, so this article attempts to transformed Duffing type nonlinear circuit and gives approximate continuous nonlinear equations his article attempts to transformed Duffing type nonlinear circuit and gives approximate continuous nonlinear equations.
In chapter3, EPRI's power grid with tone equivalents polymerization method first introduced, which is divided into the stepsof the model, busbar polymerization, network aggregation fleet polymerization. The algorithm has been widely applied in the power system modeling. Subsequently, the time-domain differential cohomology polymerization method for the power electronic devices is presented. Refered to the coherency equivalents method, the time-domain differential cohomology polymerization method is divided into5steps of a converter capacitance impedance equivalent polymerization, the the equivalent converter load carried by the power control aspects of the polymerization process, part of the polymerization process of the voltage and current link polymerization process. Equivalent AC and DC examples for shipboard power systems are analyzed in chapter5. Finally, the Duffing nonlinear circuits using harmonic balance and numerical analysis method to obtain the approximate solution, approximate solution is a system parameter contains only expressions into the system parameters and the approximate equivalent.
In chapter4, microgrids model identification and calibration method, the method of least squares identification the gradient parameter estimates, as well as the subjective validation methods, these methods can be effective recognition system parameters, extended differential cohomology methods of engineering applications.
In chapter5, the large ship power systems, also known as the ship integrated power system is a typical micro-grid system. It is divided into two major AC part and the DC part, AC part contains the traditional power of the synchronous motor also contain asynchronous motor load. Small disturbance and large disturbance case is analyzed. DC part contains a lot of power electronic converters. In this dissertation, the method of polymerization method in chapter3is applied for the equivalence of DC part. And Laboratory test verified the method. By the Duffing nonlinear circuit in chapter3under large disturbance and ship integrated power system example in chapter5under small disturbance, the significance of the differential cohomology are able to carry out the equivalent modeling.
引文
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