轻型消能摇摆结构体系抗震性能评估与动力可靠度分析
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摘要
在我国现有及新建建筑中,钢筋混凝土框架结构是最主要的结构体系,但是从近年来几次实震的震害来看,钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震中的表现并不尽如人意。究其原因不难发现,现行的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震设计方法在整体的抗震设计上仍存在不均匀性,同时由于各方面条件的限制在施工过程中存在诸多不确定性的危险因素,因此钢筋混凝土框架结构在强烈地震作用下会有很多的安全性问题。如何切实有效的提高现有或新建钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的可靠性和安全性,成为工程设计人员与研究人员关注的焦点之一。本文针对这一问题,在现有研究成果的基础之上提出了轻型消能摇摆结构体系的结构设计方案,利用基于性能的抗震设计理论,系统的研究了轻型消能摇摆结构体系在地震动作用下的变形模式、耗能机制以及动力可靠度等问题。主要内容包括以下几个方面：
(1)首先以实际工程结构为研究对象,分别构建了钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构的精确有限元模型。其次对钢筋混凝土框架结构体系和轻型摇摆刚架结构体系分别进行基于位移的静力弹塑性推覆分析。最后以所获得分析结果为依据,结合我国现行建筑抗震设计规范,着重探讨了不同刚度比的钢管混凝土摇摆刚架对结构体系整体抗震性能的影响。
(2)针对钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构三种结构体系建立了动力计算模型和运动微分方程。首先利用动力弹塑性时程分析法对其进行分析求解,获得了各结构体系在地震动作用下的结构动力响应。其次从能量的角度出发,利用能量法对三种结构体系的耗能机制进行计算和研究。最终探讨了三种结构体系在强烈地震作用下的动力响应和耗能机制对各结构体系抗震性能的影响。
(3)采用增量动力分析方法,选取实际地震动记录20条,对钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构三种结构体系进行从弹性到弹塑性,直至结构失效全过程的分析。依据所获取的分析结果,绘制了各结构体系基于不同损伤指标的IDA曲线,并分别对其进行16%、50%、84%分位的IDA曲线分析,获取了不同水平地震动作用下各结构体系的抗震性能水准。
(4)对轻型摇摆刚架结构体系的随机响应进行了分析,在考虑了地震动作用的不确定性的同时,利用虚拟激励法与状态空间分析相结合的方法,计算了不同刚度比的钢管混凝土摇摆刚架对轻型摇摆刚架结构体系在多遇及罕遇地震动作用下动力可靠度的影响。根据所获取的各层的条件失效概率进一步计算了各结构体系的条件失效概率
(5)针对各结构体系的地震动响应,进行了模拟地震动的振动台试验研究。结合实际工程和理论分析,分别制作了钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构的的缩尺试验模型,并最终进行了33个工况的振动台实验,得到了动力荷载作用下结构模型各测点的动力响应数据。通过与理论分析和数值仿真的计算结果相对比,发现试验的最终结果与理论分析的规律相吻合。
Among the existing and new buildings in our country, the reinforced concrete frame structure is the most primary structure system. However, from the earthquake damage of the real earthquakes in the recent years, the performance of the reinforced concrete frame structure is not so satisfactory. It is not difficult to find out that the existing Anti-seismic designing method of the reinforced concrete frame structure is uneven in terms of the whole Anti-seismic design. Meanwhile, due to limits of various aspects, many dangerous factors exist in the process of the construction. Therefore, the reinforced concrete frame structure has many safety problems under the influence of violent earthquakes. How to enhance the reliability and safety of the reinforced concrete frame structure under the influence of violent earthquakes in an effective way has become one of the focuses of the engineering designers and the researchers. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes the designing scheme of light energy-dissipation swaying structure system on the basis of the existing research result by making use of the anti-seismic design theory based on the performance and studies the deformation pattern, energy-dissipation mechanism and dynamic reliability of the light energy-dissipation swaying structure system under the influence of the earthquake. The main content includes the following aspects:
(1) First of all, establish the accurate finite element model of the reinforced concrete frame structure and the light energy-dissipation swaying structure system respectively by taking the actual engineering structure as the research target. Secondly, make pushover analysis of the reinforced concrete frame structure and the light energy-dissipation swaying structure system respectively based on the displacement. Finally, focus on the discussion of the influence on the anti-seismic performance of the structure system by the reinforced concrete swaying structure of different stiffness ratio by combining the regulation of the existing anti-seismic design in accordance with the analysis result.
(2) Having established the dynamic calculating model and differential equation of motion by aiming at three structure systems:the reinforced concrete frame structure and the light swaying rigid frame structure and light energy-dissipation swaying rigid frame structure. First of all, make analysis by adopting the method of dynamic elastic-plastic time history analysis and obtain the structural dynamic response of each structure system under the influence of earthquakes. Secondly, calculate and study the energy-dissipation mechanism of three structure systems with the energy method from the perspective of energy. Finally, discuss the influence on the anti-seismic performance of the three structure systems by the dynamic response and energy-dissipation mechanism under the influence of violent earthquakes.
(3) Select20records of the real earthquakes and simulate the process of the three structure systems above, from elasticity, elastic-plastic to the ineffectiveness of the structure by adopting the increment dynamic analysis method. Draw the IDA curve of each structure system based on the different damage criteria according to the analysis results. Make16%,50%and80%IDA curve analysis of them respectively and obtain the anti-seismic performance level of each structure system under the influence of earthquakes of different levels.
(4) Make analysis of the random response of the light swaying rigid frame structure system. On considering the uncertainty of the earthquake, calculate the influence of the dynamic reliability of the light swaying rigid frame structure by the reinforced concrete swaying rigid frame structure of different stiffness under the influence of frequent and rare earthquakes by adopting the method of combining pseudo excitation method with state space analysis. Make further calculation of the conditional failure probability of each structure system according to the conditional failure probability of each level obtained.
(5) Conduct the simulative research on the shaking table tests by aiming at the seismic response of each structure system. Formulate the reduced scale test model of the reinforced concrete frame structure, light swaying rigid frame structure and light energy-dissipation swaying rigid frame structure respectively by combining the actual project and theoretical analysis. Conduct the shaking table tests of33working conditions in the end and get the dynamic response data of each measuring point of the structure model under the influence of dynamic loading. Find that the final results coincide with the regular patterns of the theoretical analysis by contrasting the calculating results of the theoretical analysis with that of the numerical simulation.
(1)首先以实际工程结构为研究对象,分别构建了钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构的精确有限元模型。其次对钢筋混凝土框架结构体系和轻型摇摆刚架结构体系分别进行基于位移的静力弹塑性推覆分析。最后以所获得分析结果为依据,结合我国现行建筑抗震设计规范,着重探讨了不同刚度比的钢管混凝土摇摆刚架对结构体系整体抗震性能的影响。
(2)针对钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构三种结构体系建立了动力计算模型和运动微分方程。首先利用动力弹塑性时程分析法对其进行分析求解,获得了各结构体系在地震动作用下的结构动力响应。其次从能量的角度出发,利用能量法对三种结构体系的耗能机制进行计算和研究。最终探讨了三种结构体系在强烈地震作用下的动力响应和耗能机制对各结构体系抗震性能的影响。
(3)采用增量动力分析方法,选取实际地震动记录20条,对钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构三种结构体系进行从弹性到弹塑性,直至结构失效全过程的分析。依据所获取的分析结果,绘制了各结构体系基于不同损伤指标的IDA曲线,并分别对其进行16%、50%、84%分位的IDA曲线分析,获取了不同水平地震动作用下各结构体系的抗震性能水准。
(4)对轻型摇摆刚架结构体系的随机响应进行了分析,在考虑了地震动作用的不确定性的同时,利用虚拟激励法与状态空间分析相结合的方法,计算了不同刚度比的钢管混凝土摇摆刚架对轻型摇摆刚架结构体系在多遇及罕遇地震动作用下动力可靠度的影响。根据所获取的各层的条件失效概率进一步计算了各结构体系的条件失效概率
(5)针对各结构体系的地震动响应,进行了模拟地震动的振动台试验研究。结合实际工程和理论分析,分别制作了钢筋混凝土框架结构、轻型摇摆刚架结构和轻型消能摇摆刚架结构的的缩尺试验模型,并最终进行了33个工况的振动台实验,得到了动力荷载作用下结构模型各测点的动力响应数据。通过与理论分析和数值仿真的计算结果相对比,发现试验的最终结果与理论分析的规律相吻合。
Among the existing and new buildings in our country, the reinforced concrete frame structure is the most primary structure system. However, from the earthquake damage of the real earthquakes in the recent years, the performance of the reinforced concrete frame structure is not so satisfactory. It is not difficult to find out that the existing Anti-seismic designing method of the reinforced concrete frame structure is uneven in terms of the whole Anti-seismic design. Meanwhile, due to limits of various aspects, many dangerous factors exist in the process of the construction. Therefore, the reinforced concrete frame structure has many safety problems under the influence of violent earthquakes. How to enhance the reliability and safety of the reinforced concrete frame structure under the influence of violent earthquakes in an effective way has become one of the focuses of the engineering designers and the researchers. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes the designing scheme of light energy-dissipation swaying structure system on the basis of the existing research result by making use of the anti-seismic design theory based on the performance and studies the deformation pattern, energy-dissipation mechanism and dynamic reliability of the light energy-dissipation swaying structure system under the influence of the earthquake. The main content includes the following aspects:
(1) First of all, establish the accurate finite element model of the reinforced concrete frame structure and the light energy-dissipation swaying structure system respectively by taking the actual engineering structure as the research target. Secondly, make pushover analysis of the reinforced concrete frame structure and the light energy-dissipation swaying structure system respectively based on the displacement. Finally, focus on the discussion of the influence on the anti-seismic performance of the structure system by the reinforced concrete swaying structure of different stiffness ratio by combining the regulation of the existing anti-seismic design in accordance with the analysis result.
(2) Having established the dynamic calculating model and differential equation of motion by aiming at three structure systems:the reinforced concrete frame structure and the light swaying rigid frame structure and light energy-dissipation swaying rigid frame structure. First of all, make analysis by adopting the method of dynamic elastic-plastic time history analysis and obtain the structural dynamic response of each structure system under the influence of earthquakes. Secondly, calculate and study the energy-dissipation mechanism of three structure systems with the energy method from the perspective of energy. Finally, discuss the influence on the anti-seismic performance of the three structure systems by the dynamic response and energy-dissipation mechanism under the influence of violent earthquakes.
(3) Select20records of the real earthquakes and simulate the process of the three structure systems above, from elasticity, elastic-plastic to the ineffectiveness of the structure by adopting the increment dynamic analysis method. Draw the IDA curve of each structure system based on the different damage criteria according to the analysis results. Make16%,50%and80%IDA curve analysis of them respectively and obtain the anti-seismic performance level of each structure system under the influence of earthquakes of different levels.
(4) Make analysis of the random response of the light swaying rigid frame structure system. On considering the uncertainty of the earthquake, calculate the influence of the dynamic reliability of the light swaying rigid frame structure by the reinforced concrete swaying rigid frame structure of different stiffness under the influence of frequent and rare earthquakes by adopting the method of combining pseudo excitation method with state space analysis. Make further calculation of the conditional failure probability of each structure system according to the conditional failure probability of each level obtained.
(5) Conduct the simulative research on the shaking table tests by aiming at the seismic response of each structure system. Formulate the reduced scale test model of the reinforced concrete frame structure, light swaying rigid frame structure and light energy-dissipation swaying rigid frame structure respectively by combining the actual project and theoretical analysis. Conduct the shaking table tests of33working conditions in the end and get the dynamic response data of each measuring point of the structure model under the influence of dynamic loading. Find that the final results coincide with the regular patterns of the theoretical analysis by contrasting the calculating results of the theoretical analysis with that of the numerical simulation.
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