基于影像的建筑物形变数据采集与特征分析
|
摘要
当今信息化时代,由于数码城市建设的需要,对于无接触式自动提取技术获取大量建筑物三维模型的研究愈发迫切。最近几年,大量的研究集中在建筑物的识别、提取和三维重建方面。这些方法在通用性、自动化程度、数据源、几何建模技术、提取策略等方面存在很大差异。其中数据采集源就包括直接获取如测量机器人、近景摄影、3D激光扫描与INSAR技术,而间接数据获取包括高分辨率卫星遥感影像、二维GIS地图数据、数字表面模型DSM等。
由于近景影像有成本低、采集对象灵活和数据处理手段多样化的特点,就成为本文主要研究的方法。就此本文的主要工作如下：
介绍了无接触测量模式的几种技术和面向工程监测的具体应用,分析了利用数字影像结合RTS或GPS等技术进行建筑物特征点测量的可行性和技术特点。证明基于建筑物特征点无接触式提取方式用于构筑物变形数据的采集,是一种在工作效率、反映全面、易于自动化等方面比传统的监测方法更优的手段。本文主要针对工程构筑物特征及变形监测问题,利用数字近景摄影测量技术,结合RTS(测量机器人)、GPS等技术,从影像控制网的选择和优化、影像数据解算方法、面向形变监测对象的影像解析方法等对利用影像测量技术对工程建筑物的形变监测进行了多角度的剖析。得到了基于三维空间坐标的建筑物各种产品,包括监测分析中用到的各类监测对象数据、图形、图像、数字表面模型以及三维图形结构等。并通过各种工程实例进行了成果的验证。
本文提出的基于无接触法的空间数据采集的集成处理方法,主要分析了建筑物近景影像特点,包括近景摄影测量在利用投影变换、模式识别、数字图像处理等关键技术,在影像处理的过程中,提出运用数学形态学方法生成有利于进行特征提取、边缘检测的新图像,这为建筑物影像特征点、线的半自动甚至于自动提取提供可能。通过对辽宁省外贸厅大楼的实验,本文所提出的基于分区控制下建筑物立面测绘思想,无论从工作效率和成图精度上都是可行的。基于上述思想建立的解算模型,它可以完成基于普通全站仪和照相机下建筑物立面(平面)测绘工作。而采用RTS控制下的影像前后交替法平差获得大型钢网架空间的几何分布,并通过在不同测站和不同角度处节点点位(检核点)的重复采集,证明获得的检核点三维坐标互差结果均满足检测的精度要求。
而在高精度求解变形时,对于法方程弱相关引起的解的不稳定的问题(控制点分布状态不太好),本文提出采用快速GIVENS变换正交算法有效改善求解的质量,并在船闸试验数据中得到体验。
近景摄影测量中,摄影方式、点的布设及数据的解析处理方法,对提高点的精度非常重要,而L-估计的理论是消除或减弱观测值粗差的影响的有效方法,本文结合船闸变形的实践,分析和比较了在不同条件下,L-估计在提高影像数据解算质量所起的作用。证明了采用L-估计方法,在控制点构网条件下不佳时,平差结果好于剔除粗差后最小二乘结果。
针对钢网架工程结构检测,本文提出了基于DLT解算成果作为平差初值的设想,并在其进行三维重建时,提出逐步插入建立单元子区域(SCT)法用于网架结构物的TIN构造思路,证明这种约束方法在TIN模型构造时有一定的实用价值。
提出基于CCD影像数据解析手段(空间时间基线法)并结合现代GPS、RTS等集成技术思想,对不同对象的工程建筑物的特征点按形变监测研究目进行了动、静态数据采集和解算。针对基于时序下空间影像数据的静态和动态变形特点进行的分析,证明本方法对实践中工程结构物的健康检测不失为一种有效的手段。通过对北大桥建筑检测的实践,采用无接触方式获取的监测数据反映了大桥受外力荷载变化所呈现出的挠度几何形变特征。
本文所取得的研究成果可为建筑物测绘和与工程结构物安全监测提供一种新的思路,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。
Nowadays, in an information age, with the need of building digital city, it has become increasingly urgent for getting a lot of three-dimensional models of buildings with the contact-free automatic extraction technology. In recent years, significant research has been concentrated on building recognition, extraction, and3D reconstruction. But there have existed big differences for those research in many aspect including the versatility, automation, data sources, geometric modeling technology, extraction strategies etc. Among those research,the space data acquisition sources include direct access such as measuring robot, photogrammetry,3D laser scanning and INSAR technologies in a hand, and indirectly data acquisition including high-resolution satellite remote sensing images,2D GIS map data, digital surface model of DSM, etc in a other hand.
Because of the method of close-range photogrammetry has many characteristics such as low cost, flexible acquisition object and diversification of data processing means, it would be the main research methods in this article. The main work in this article is introduced as follows:
Several technologies based on non-contact measurement mode and their application on engineering-oriented surveying has been presented, and the feasibility and technical characteristics on how to use digital imaging with RTS or GPS technology for building feature point surveying also been analyzed. It has been proved that non-contact surveying method based on the buildings feature point extraction is a practicable tool to acquire the data which is used for structure deformation monitoring, and is better means of monitoring technology than traditional one's including in the work efficiency, comprehensive, easily-to-automation. Aimed at project structure deformation monitoring problems, this paper takes advantage on digital photogrammetry, combining with the RTS, GPS and other surveying technologies, analysis in multi-views on the possibility of using image data to monitor project deformation including the selection and optimization of image control network, image data resolution, analytical photogrammetry technology used in object-oriented deformation monitoring and so on. The products based on coordinates of3D building include all types of data used for deformation monitoring and analysis, structure graphics and images, digital surface models(DSM) and3D dynamic deformation simulation. All of which have been carried out through various projects.
One of spatial data acquisition integrated technology by non-contact surveying method proposed by this paper mainly analysis the characteristics of close-range image used in buildings feature extraction, including the use of photogrammetry projection transformation, pattern recognition, image processing, and other key technology in the image analytic processing. It has been put forward with the application of mathematical morphology method in generating new images with feature extraction, edge detection of the building which could provide a means of extracting feature point and line from building with semi-automatic even automatic way. According to the experiments of elevation surveying for the Foreign Trade Office building of Liaoning province, it has been proved to be an effective and an economical measure in building elevation surveying which are based on the method of multi-district control proposed by this paper. It can be done by combining ordinary surveying instrument with non-topographic camera. A model has been set up which could be used to obtain the space coordinates of feature points distributing on building with the non-contact surveying.
The use of images backward intersection and forward intersection alternate adjustment under the RTS control could be used to acquire geometry spatial distribution for large-scale steel grid, and through repeating data acquisition at different station and different angles in same node points(check points), it has been proved that the mutual difference acquired by3D coordinates meets the precision requirements for testing surveying.
With regard to the calculation in high-precision for deformation, the problem is aimed at the solution instability led by weak correlation between norm equations (or the distribution between control point is not very good), quick algorithm for orthogonal GIVENS transformation to improve the quality of the solution has been adopted in the paper, and its testing data in the experience of ship-lock deformation has been carried out.
As for closing range photogrammetry, it is important to improve the precision of image points when considers some key factors such as the selection of camera station and photography method. The distribution of control points and the procession of image data analysis etc. L-estimates theory is been proved an effective method to diminish or eliminate gross error of image points. Combining the practice of ship-lock deformation,it is shown that the solution result has been improved effectively when using L-estimates under different condition. α-Trimmed Mean (Belong toL-estimation) has been proved an efficient algorithm in picking gross error out. When the condition of constitute network with control points is poor, the adjustment results by using L-estimation is better than the LS results.
As for the measurement of steel-net engineering structure, the idea of analytical photogrammetry based on the initial value of the image with DLT has been proposed, as well as how to establish TIN models when the object of three-dimensional steel grid would be reconstructed. In particular, it has some value in establishing grid structure TIN by using gradually insertion for grid unit area.
Based on control network units, combining the remote total station with digital camera, we can obtain the distribution of steel nodes and deflection curve of steel grid structure easily, the measurement result shows that this method is effective and utilitarian.
With the means of image motion parallax while combining the modern surveying technologies such as GPS, RTS, dynamic and static deformation data acquisition has been carried out with the aim of studying building deformation according to different object feature points. Analysis the static and dynamic deformation characteristics which are based on the data acquired from spatial image with motion parallax, it has proved that this method is a useful means for engineering structures health detection. Testing in the Bei-da Bridge health detection shows that the monitoring data acquired by non-contact method such as GPS, RTS and image motion parallax reflect the change of deflection geometric characteristic when the loading on bridge is changed.
The result studied in this paper could provide a new way for building feature point surveying and engineering structures deformation monitoring, and has a certain degree of theoretical and practical significance.
由于近景影像有成本低、采集对象灵活和数据处理手段多样化的特点,就成为本文主要研究的方法。就此本文的主要工作如下：
介绍了无接触测量模式的几种技术和面向工程监测的具体应用,分析了利用数字影像结合RTS或GPS等技术进行建筑物特征点测量的可行性和技术特点。证明基于建筑物特征点无接触式提取方式用于构筑物变形数据的采集,是一种在工作效率、反映全面、易于自动化等方面比传统的监测方法更优的手段。本文主要针对工程构筑物特征及变形监测问题,利用数字近景摄影测量技术,结合RTS(测量机器人)、GPS等技术,从影像控制网的选择和优化、影像数据解算方法、面向形变监测对象的影像解析方法等对利用影像测量技术对工程建筑物的形变监测进行了多角度的剖析。得到了基于三维空间坐标的建筑物各种产品,包括监测分析中用到的各类监测对象数据、图形、图像、数字表面模型以及三维图形结构等。并通过各种工程实例进行了成果的验证。
本文提出的基于无接触法的空间数据采集的集成处理方法,主要分析了建筑物近景影像特点,包括近景摄影测量在利用投影变换、模式识别、数字图像处理等关键技术,在影像处理的过程中,提出运用数学形态学方法生成有利于进行特征提取、边缘检测的新图像,这为建筑物影像特征点、线的半自动甚至于自动提取提供可能。通过对辽宁省外贸厅大楼的实验,本文所提出的基于分区控制下建筑物立面测绘思想,无论从工作效率和成图精度上都是可行的。基于上述思想建立的解算模型,它可以完成基于普通全站仪和照相机下建筑物立面(平面)测绘工作。而采用RTS控制下的影像前后交替法平差获得大型钢网架空间的几何分布,并通过在不同测站和不同角度处节点点位(检核点)的重复采集,证明获得的检核点三维坐标互差结果均满足检测的精度要求。
而在高精度求解变形时,对于法方程弱相关引起的解的不稳定的问题(控制点分布状态不太好),本文提出采用快速GIVENS变换正交算法有效改善求解的质量,并在船闸试验数据中得到体验。
近景摄影测量中,摄影方式、点的布设及数据的解析处理方法,对提高点的精度非常重要,而L-估计的理论是消除或减弱观测值粗差的影响的有效方法,本文结合船闸变形的实践,分析和比较了在不同条件下,L-估计在提高影像数据解算质量所起的作用。证明了采用L-估计方法,在控制点构网条件下不佳时,平差结果好于剔除粗差后最小二乘结果。
针对钢网架工程结构检测,本文提出了基于DLT解算成果作为平差初值的设想,并在其进行三维重建时,提出逐步插入建立单元子区域(SCT)法用于网架结构物的TIN构造思路,证明这种约束方法在TIN模型构造时有一定的实用价值。
提出基于CCD影像数据解析手段(空间时间基线法)并结合现代GPS、RTS等集成技术思想,对不同对象的工程建筑物的特征点按形变监测研究目进行了动、静态数据采集和解算。针对基于时序下空间影像数据的静态和动态变形特点进行的分析,证明本方法对实践中工程结构物的健康检测不失为一种有效的手段。通过对北大桥建筑检测的实践,采用无接触方式获取的监测数据反映了大桥受外力荷载变化所呈现出的挠度几何形变特征。
本文所取得的研究成果可为建筑物测绘和与工程结构物安全监测提供一种新的思路,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。
Nowadays, in an information age, with the need of building digital city, it has become increasingly urgent for getting a lot of three-dimensional models of buildings with the contact-free automatic extraction technology. In recent years, significant research has been concentrated on building recognition, extraction, and3D reconstruction. But there have existed big differences for those research in many aspect including the versatility, automation, data sources, geometric modeling technology, extraction strategies etc. Among those research,the space data acquisition sources include direct access such as measuring robot, photogrammetry,3D laser scanning and INSAR technologies in a hand, and indirectly data acquisition including high-resolution satellite remote sensing images,2D GIS map data, digital surface model of DSM, etc in a other hand.
Because of the method of close-range photogrammetry has many characteristics such as low cost, flexible acquisition object and diversification of data processing means, it would be the main research methods in this article. The main work in this article is introduced as follows:
Several technologies based on non-contact measurement mode and their application on engineering-oriented surveying has been presented, and the feasibility and technical characteristics on how to use digital imaging with RTS or GPS technology for building feature point surveying also been analyzed. It has been proved that non-contact surveying method based on the buildings feature point extraction is a practicable tool to acquire the data which is used for structure deformation monitoring, and is better means of monitoring technology than traditional one's including in the work efficiency, comprehensive, easily-to-automation. Aimed at project structure deformation monitoring problems, this paper takes advantage on digital photogrammetry, combining with the RTS, GPS and other surveying technologies, analysis in multi-views on the possibility of using image data to monitor project deformation including the selection and optimization of image control network, image data resolution, analytical photogrammetry technology used in object-oriented deformation monitoring and so on. The products based on coordinates of3D building include all types of data used for deformation monitoring and analysis, structure graphics and images, digital surface models(DSM) and3D dynamic deformation simulation. All of which have been carried out through various projects.
One of spatial data acquisition integrated technology by non-contact surveying method proposed by this paper mainly analysis the characteristics of close-range image used in buildings feature extraction, including the use of photogrammetry projection transformation, pattern recognition, image processing, and other key technology in the image analytic processing. It has been put forward with the application of mathematical morphology method in generating new images with feature extraction, edge detection of the building which could provide a means of extracting feature point and line from building with semi-automatic even automatic way. According to the experiments of elevation surveying for the Foreign Trade Office building of Liaoning province, it has been proved to be an effective and an economical measure in building elevation surveying which are based on the method of multi-district control proposed by this paper. It can be done by combining ordinary surveying instrument with non-topographic camera. A model has been set up which could be used to obtain the space coordinates of feature points distributing on building with the non-contact surveying.
The use of images backward intersection and forward intersection alternate adjustment under the RTS control could be used to acquire geometry spatial distribution for large-scale steel grid, and through repeating data acquisition at different station and different angles in same node points(check points), it has been proved that the mutual difference acquired by3D coordinates meets the precision requirements for testing surveying.
With regard to the calculation in high-precision for deformation, the problem is aimed at the solution instability led by weak correlation between norm equations (or the distribution between control point is not very good), quick algorithm for orthogonal GIVENS transformation to improve the quality of the solution has been adopted in the paper, and its testing data in the experience of ship-lock deformation has been carried out.
As for closing range photogrammetry, it is important to improve the precision of image points when considers some key factors such as the selection of camera station and photography method. The distribution of control points and the procession of image data analysis etc. L-estimates theory is been proved an effective method to diminish or eliminate gross error of image points. Combining the practice of ship-lock deformation,it is shown that the solution result has been improved effectively when using L-estimates under different condition. α-Trimmed Mean (Belong toL-estimation) has been proved an efficient algorithm in picking gross error out. When the condition of constitute network with control points is poor, the adjustment results by using L-estimation is better than the LS results.
As for the measurement of steel-net engineering structure, the idea of analytical photogrammetry based on the initial value of the image with DLT has been proposed, as well as how to establish TIN models when the object of three-dimensional steel grid would be reconstructed. In particular, it has some value in establishing grid structure TIN by using gradually insertion for grid unit area.
Based on control network units, combining the remote total station with digital camera, we can obtain the distribution of steel nodes and deflection curve of steel grid structure easily, the measurement result shows that this method is effective and utilitarian.
With the means of image motion parallax while combining the modern surveying technologies such as GPS, RTS, dynamic and static deformation data acquisition has been carried out with the aim of studying building deformation according to different object feature points. Analysis the static and dynamic deformation characteristics which are based on the data acquired from spatial image with motion parallax, it has proved that this method is a useful means for engineering structures health detection. Testing in the Bei-da Bridge health detection shows that the monitoring data acquired by non-contact method such as GPS, RTS and image motion parallax reflect the change of deflection geometric characteristic when the loading on bridge is changed.
The result studied in this paper could provide a new way for building feature point surveying and engineering structures deformation monitoring, and has a certain degree of theoretical and practical significance.
引文
[1]王之卓,摄影测量原理,[M],北京：测绘出版社,1979,321-326
[2]王之卓,摄影测量原理续编,[M],北京：测绘出版社,1990
[3]宁津生、李德仁、张祖勋：《测绘学概论》,武汉大学出版社,2002年
[4]Krosley L and Shaffner P, Applications and accuracy of photogrammetry for geological and geotechnical data collecting. Association of Engineering Geologists 2003 Annual Meeting.
[5]Richards,J.A. and X.Jia,1999,Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis:An Introduction, New York:Springer-VVerlag,363p.
[6]张祖勋,数字摄影测量的发展与展望[J]地理信息世界,2004,(03)：1-5
[7]张祖勋,张剑清.数字摄影测量学.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002
[8]卡尔·克劳斯,摄影测量信息处理系统的理论和实践,李德仁,张森林译,崔炳光,李德仁校,测绘出版社杜,北京,1989
[9]Dreshler L,Nagel H H. Votumetric Model and 3D-Trajectory of a Moving Car Derived from Monocular TV-Frame Sequence of a Street Scene. Computer Graphics and Image Procession,1982,20(3),199-228
[10]ManfredWolf,Weinstadt;Photogrammetric Data Capture and Calculation for 3D City Model.Stuttgart,47th PhotogrammeticWeek(1999.7).
[11]伊晓东、李保平变形监测技术及应用,[M],郑州,黄河水利出版社,2007年
[12]张永生,巩丹超等,高分辨率遥感卫星应用,[M],科学出版社,北京,2004,34-35
[13]E P Baltsavias, A comparison between photogammetry and laser scanning,1SPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing, [J],1999,54,2-3
[14]李德仁,数码城市(CyberCity)的概念、技术支撑和典型应用,http://www.cehui.net,2002-11-02
[15]李宏男,伊廷华,王国新.GPS在结构健康监测中的研究与应用进展[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(6)：122-130.
[16]Clive S.Fraser, Simon Cronk,A hybrid measurement approach for close-range photogrammetry, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing,[J],2008,19,3-6
[17]P.Arias,J.Herraez,H./Lorenzo, Control of structural problems in cultural heritage monuments using close-range photogrammetry and computer methods. Journal of Computers & Structures,[J],2005,7,1-13
[18]C.S.Fraser,E.Baltsavias,A.Gruen, Processing of Ikonos imagery for submetre 3D positioning and building extraction, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing,[J].2002,56,177-194.
[19]牟元英,徐春斌,基于结构光和单CCD相机的物体表面三维测量[J],测绘科学,2001(7)26,31-33
[20]郑顺义,张祖勋,翟瑞芳,基于非量测相机的复杂物体三维重建,武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008(5),33,446-449
[21]冯文灏,近景摄影测量[M],武汉,武汉大学出版社,2001.
[22]GRAVELC,LAROUCHEC,GAGNON P.A, Integration of Total Station and Digital Camera surveying with images[J]. Geomatics Info Magazine.1999,13 (9),6-7.
[23]张祖勋,詹总谦,郑顺义,季铮,摄影全站仪系统--数字摄影测量与全站仪的集成,测绘通报,2005,11,1-6.
[24]M.A.R.Cooper,Deformation measurement by photography. The photogrammetric Record,1984,4
[25]林磊,叶列平,程锦,数字摄影技术在结构试验变形测量中的应用,实验技术与管理,2003,20(1),34-38
[26]任伟中,寇新建,凌浩美,数字化近景摄影测量在模型试验变形测量中的应用,岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3),436-440
[27]王子茹,李奠国,近景摄影测量测绘建筑物的研究[J].大连理工大学学报,1995,35(6),889-893
[28]何东健,数字图像处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[29]崔屹,数学形态学方法及应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2000.
[30]郑东华,岳东杰,岳建平,基于几何特征约束的建筑物点云配准算法[J],测绘学报,2008(11),37,464-467.
[31]Benard.M Automatic, Stereo-photogrammetry. A Method Based on Feature Detection and Dynamic Programming, Photogrammetric.1984,39:169--181
[32]Serra J. Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology. New York:Academic Press,1982
[33]Tabatabai A J. Mithchell O.R. Edge Location to Subpixl Acuracy in Digital Imagery. IEEE Trans. PAMI,1981
[34]陈晓勇,数学形态学与影像分析。北京：测绘出版社,1991
[35]Chen Tianen and R.S.Shibasaki,1998, Determination of Camera's Orientation Parameters Based on Line Features, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol.XXX11, Part 5.
[36]宣文玲,林宗坚,从中心投影影像制作正射影像的多种方法研究[J],测绘科学,2003(6),28,9-11
[37]A. Bannister etc. SURVEY [M], Longman S&tT, London,1994
[38]Surveying Manual for Factory Construction, Surveying publishing company,Beijing, China.1990.10
[39]Total Station Manual with Type TRIMBLE5600, http.//www.trimble.com,2002
[40]Yi-xiaodong, Wang-ziru:"Building elevation surveying based on multi-district control", Journal of DALIAN university of technology,2004,vol.44,pp.447-453.
[41]Lin.H.T. Autonomous Recovery of Exterior orientation of Imagery Using Free-form Linear Feature.-[PhD. Dissertation]. Ohio:Ohio State University,2002
[42]Fostner W,Gulch E,A fast Operator for detection and precise location of distinct points.corners and centers of circular feature. Inter-commission Conference on fast processing of photogrammetric data, Interlaken Switzerland 1987.
[43]Huang Youcai,Verress S A(1990) Deformation measurement using closing range photogrammetry in hydro building [R]. Shiplock Deformation Final Report
[44]李德仁,郑肇葆,解析摄影测量学,[M],测绘出版社,北京,1992,16-18
[45]Teunissen, Non-linear Least squares modern.Manuscripla Geodatica,1990(15)
[46]Dold J. Influence of Large Targets on the Results of Photogrammetric Bundle Adjustment. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,1996 (31):119-123
[47]伊晓东,基于近景摄影测量下获取船闸变形的研究[J],测试技术学报,2006,增刊,124-128,B,
[48]李朝奎,基于可靠度理论的变形监测必要精度指标的确定方法[J],武汉大学学报,信息科学版,2002(3),270-273
[49]冯文灏,工业摄影测量[M],武汉,武汉大学出版社,2005
[50]於宗俦、鲁林成,测量平差基础[M],北京,测绘出版社,1983年
[51]崔炳光,孙护,朱肇光,摄影测量学[M],测绘出版社,1982
[52]张宏伟,张祖勋、张剑清,直线摄影测量观测值的冗余度和相关性分析,武汉大学学报,[J],2005,30(09),775-777
[53]X.Wang,T.A.CIarke, Separate adjustment in close-range photogrammetry, PHOTOGRAMMETRY&REMOTE SENSING,2001 (55),289-298
[54]Qiang Ji,Mauro S.Costa,Robert M.Haralick,A robust linear least-squares estimation of camera exterior orientation using multiple geometric feature. PHOTOGRAMMETRY&REMOTE SENSING,2000(55),75-93
[55]Fabio Crosilla,Alberto Beinat,Use of generalized Procrustes analysis for the photogrammetric block adjustment by independent models. Photogrammetry & remote sensing,2002(56),195-209.
[56]Huangyoucai, Optimization of photogrammetry for monitoring deformation, University of Washington U.S.A 1985
[57]赵金熙,一个解高度病态问题高精度算法的数值结果,高校计算数学通报,1987(3),1
[58]Fraser,C.S,Edmundson,K.L.,2000.Computational processes in digital close-range photogrammetry. 1SPRS J.Photogramm and RemoteSens.552,94-104.
[59]Blais, Linear least-square computation using GIVENS transformation. Canada surveyor,1988,1-4.
[60]龚涛,顾及可靠性与精度的近景摄影测量控制点优化设计,解放军测绘学院学报,1998,15(4),270-273
[61]伊晓东,吴学伟,最大截尾L-估计用于变形分析的研究。测绘工程,2007,4,10-13,B2008,31(1)：4-6,B
[62]Huang y.c, Application of Robust Estimation in Close-range Photogrammetric [J],PERS,VOL,No,2,Feb 1987
[63]张文波,稳健估计在近景摄影测量中的应用[J],武汉测绘科技大学硕士论文,1988：15-16
[64]李德仁,误差处理与可靠性理论[M],测绘出版社,1988
[65]Huangyoucai, Application of robust estimation in close-range photogrammetry,PERS,1987 (2)
[66]S.A. Veress,黄幼才,Robust估计在近景摄影测量中的应用,摄影工程与遥感》1987年第2期
[67]Yeu,B.Park,Gross error detection by robust estimation in DLT.1SPRS 1988,10
[68]杨元喜,抗差估计理论及其应用[M],八一出版社,北京,]993
[69]Hampel,F.R.Ronchetti,E.M.,Rousseeuw,PJ.et.al. Robust statistics:The approach based on influence function [M].New York:Wiley,1986
[70]Y1 Xiaodong YI Xuefeng WEI Erhu, Remote Measurement in Steel Grid Structure Based on Control Grid Network, [J],Geo-spatial Information Science,2009,12(4):1-4
[71]Xiaodong Yi, Huichen Zhou,Qinghua YU, Remote measurement of steel grid structure based on control network,, ISTM/2007,7th International Symposium on Test and Measurement, International Academic Publishers Ltd, ISBN 978-988-99684-3-4.
[72]Abdel-Aziz,Y.I.,Karara,H.M.,1971.Direct linear transformation from comparator co-ordinates into object-space coordinates. ASPSymp. on Close-Range Photogrammetry,1-18.
[73]Armin Gruen*, Shunji Murai, High-resolution 3D modelling and visualization of Mount Everest, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing,[J],57 2002 102-113
[74]康志忠,张祖勋,阳凡林,沿主光轴影像的单像空问后方交会方法研究,武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2007(4),32,293-296
[75]周秋生,建立数字地面模型的算法研究,现代测绘科学学术报告会论文集,哈尔滨,2000年,110-116
[76]陈永奇、吴子安、吴中如,变形监测与预报[M],北京,测绘出版社,1998
[77]于承新、李妍等,时间基线视差法在形变测量中的应用探索,山东建筑工程学院学报,2001/09(3)
[78]于承新、巩建国等,空间时间基线视差法在变形监测中的应用探索,济南大学学报(自然科学版),2002/12(4)
[79]徐芳,于承新,黄桂兰等,利用数字摄影测量进行钢结构挠度的变形监测,武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001,26(3),256-260
[80]大连北大桥检测报告,大连理工大学桥梁研究所,2004年
[81]罗志才,陈永奇,刘焱雄,GPS用于鉴别振动变形的实验研究,测绘学报,2000年5月,第29卷第2期
[82]Leica Geosystems (2005), "Take it to the MAX!-An introduction to the philosophy and technology behind Leica Geosystems' SpiderNET revolutionary Network RTK software and algorithms", White Paper, Leica Geosystems, June 2005
[83]Chris Rizos (2005), "GPS Augmented System for Bridge Monitoring",1st International Leica GPS Bridge Monitoring Workshop, Hong Kong,8-9 June 2005
[84]Gethin Roberts (2005), "Using GPS to Monitor the Deflections of Structures",1st International Leica GPS Bridge Monitoring Workshop, Hong Kong,8-9 June 2005
[85]黄启远文景良陈伟儿刘正光(2000),“人造卫星定位系统在桥梁结构健康监测中的应用”中国土木工程学会桥梁及结构工程学会第十四届年会论文集,南京,2000
[86]Yixiaodong,Practice and Analysis of Position Telemetering Used in Bridge Structure measurement, ISTM/2005,6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement, Beijing World Publishing Corporation,ISBN 7-5062-7445-0.
[87]李宏男,伊廷华,伊晓东等.采用GPS与全站仪对大跨斜拉桥进行变形监测[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2004,25(1)：8-13.
[88]Wangjun,YiXiaodong,Wei Erhu.Real time monitoring of Dalian Beida Bridge, [J],Coordinates,2009,3(3), Volume V.14-18.
[89]伊晓东,张传刚.基于动态GPS技术的大连北大桥结构健康测试[J].测试技术学报.2008,22(5)：392-396.
[90]丁窘辋,刘友光,张松波,工程与工业摄影测量,地质出版社,北京,1995
[91]李志林,朱庆,数字高程模型,武汉大学出版社[M],武汉,2003
[92]史文中,空间数据误差处理的理论与方法[M],科学出版社,北京,1998。
[93]MURAI S. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow of System for Spatial Data Processing, Analysis and Representation. ISPRS Commission Ⅱ, Symposium 2002, (Proceedings of Integrated Sy stem for Spatial Data Production, Custodian and Decision Support) [C], Xian,2002.
[94]多基线数字近景摄影测量系统Lensphoto的技术及其应用,武汉朗视软件有限公司,2009
[95]欧吉坤,测量数据的质量控制理论探讨,现代测绘科学学术报告,2000,哈尔滨
[96]Baarda,W A testing procedure for use in geodetic networks, publication on Geodesy[J],New Series, Netherlands Geodetic Commission,2(5),1968
[97]欧吉坤,相关观测情况的可靠性研究[J],测绘学报,1999,28(3),189-194
[98]Huber P.J, Robust Statistics[M] "New York,Wiley,1986
[99]John R.Jensen,遥感影像数字处理导论[M],科学出版社,北京,2007
[100]陈鹰,遥感影像的数字摄影测量[M],同济大学出版社,上海,2004
[101]武汉测绘科技大学工程测量系,解析法地面摄影测量方法监测西陵峡岩崩的研究。1990,武汉。
[102]过静珺,商瑞斌,葛胜杰等,利用GPS监测高大建筑物动态位移法研究。工程勘察,1997(3)48-51
[103]冯文灏,吴土金,严烈,普通照相机用于深水码头橡胶护舷变形测量,武汉测绘学院学报,1980(1)
[104]李征航,张小红,徐晓华,隔河岩大坝变形GPS自动监测系统的精度评定。哈尔滨工程高等专科学校学报,2000,11(3),1-6。
[105]过静珺,香港青马大桥GPS监测位移实验研究,中国全球定位系统技术应用协会第三届年会,1998。
[106]W.Caspary,H.Borutta,变形模型的稳健估计,测绘译丛,1989(1),27-37
[107]朱庆,陈楚江。不规则三角网的快速建立及其动态更新。武汉测绘科技大学学报,23(3),204-207。
[108]Eos Systems,2008.http://www.photomodeler.com(accessed 1.03.08).
[109]黄幼才,重复中值估计及在坐标变换中应用,武汉测绘科技大学学报,1988,1
[110]卢刚,Robust估计,测绘学报,1985,1
[111]黄幼才,陆国胜,Verress,近景摄影测量应用于水工建筑物变形观测。1990,30-34
[112]K.Kubik,D.Merchant,and T.schenk,Robust estimation in photogrammetry,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1987(2),53,167-169
[113]吴世棋，孔健,张德强,近景摄影测量在隧道变形监测中的应用,铁路航测,1994(4),6-8
[114]何小元,衡伟,高卫,远距离高精度二维动态位移测量,实验力学,1996,4,(11),468-472
[115]Clive S.Fraser, Bjorn Riedel, Monitoring the thermal deformation of steel beams via vision metrology. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing 55 2000 268-276.
[116]郑顺义,张祖勋,翟瑞芳,基于非量测相机的复杂物体三维重建,武汉大学学报·信息科学版,Vol.33 NO.5, May 2008, Remote Sens.552,94-104.
[117]Pablo d'Angelo, Christian Wohler, Image-based 3D surface reconstruction by combination of photometric, geometric, and real-aperture methods, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing 63(2008)297-321
[118]赵慧、伊晓东,形态学在数字图像边界提取的应用,2008全国水电测量学会论文集,2008、09
[119]袁修孝,付迎春,张过,付建红：多级空间信息网格间的平面坐标变换精度分析[J],武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(2),100-114
[120]浙江大学数学系,概率论与数理统计[M],人民教育出版社,1983
[121]K.R.Koch Statistical analysis of Geodetic Data with applications for deformation analysis, institute for theoretical geodesy university of Bonn,1985
[122]Tracy K C.Kareem A.The Height of Precision:Monitoring Tall Buildings[J].GPS World,2003.9:1-8.
[123]李宏男,伊廷华,伊晓东等.采用GPS与全站仪对大跨斜拉桥进行变形监测[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2004,25(1)：8-13
[124]FRASER, C. S., an. Automation in Digital Close Range Photogrammetry. First Trans Tasmin Surveyors Conference,12-18,1997
[125]Michael Cramer, GPS/inertial data in aerial photogrammetry. University of Suttgart, URL:http://www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/staff/cramer.en.htm,2005
[126]Mikhail E. M., J. S. Bethel, J. C. McGlone. Introduction to Modern Photogrammetry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,2001
[127]黄桂平,多台电子经纬仪/全站仪构成混合测量系统的研究和开发[D],信息工程大学测绘学院,1999,郑州.
[128]Birch J Using 3DM Analyst mine mapping suite for rock face characterization. In:Tonon,F, Kottenstette JT (eds) Laser and photogrammetric methods for rock face characterization. American Rock Mechanics Association, Alexandria, Virginia, pp.13-32.,2006
[129]Gaich A, Potsch M., Schubert W Basics and application of 3D imagining systems with conventional and high-resolution cameras. (2006),Alexandria, Virginia, pp.33-48.
[130]Krosley L and Shaffner P Applications and accuracy of photogrammetry for geological and geotechnical data collecting. Association of Engineering Geologists 2003 Annual Meeting Abstracts.2003
[131]Cronk, S., Fraser, C.S., Hanley, H.B.,2006. Automatic calibration of colour digital cameras. Photogammetric Record 21 (116),355-372.
[132]Fraser, C.S.,2006. Evolution of network orientation procedures. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,Dresden 35 (5),114-120.
[133]Fraser, C.S., Cronk, S.,2007. Automated close-range photogrammetry:Accommodation of non-controlled measurement environments. In:Gruen, A., Kahmen.H. (Eds.), Optical 3D Measurements VIII, Zurich, Switzerland, vol.1, pp.49-55.
[134]康志忠,张祖勋.基于灭点理论和物方平行线几何约束的建筑端而纹理自动纠正[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2004,29(4)：333—337
[135]Fryer, J.G.,MitchelI, H.L., Chandler, J.H.,2007. Applications of 3DMeasurement from Images.Whittles, Scotland, p304.
[136]Luhmann, T., Robson, S., Kyle, S., Harley, I.,2006b. Close Range Photogrammetry:Principles, Methods and Applications.Whittles, Scotland, p510.
[137]Smith, S.M., Brady, J.M.,1997. SUSAN -A new approach to low level image processing. International Journal of Computer Vision 23 (1),45-78.
[138]Jazayeri, I., Fraser, C.S.,2008. Interest operators in close-range object reconstruction. In: International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Beijing, XXXVII(B5-1):pp.69-74.
[139]ManfredWolf,Weinstadt;Photogrammetric Data Capture and Calculation for 3D City Model.Stuttgait,47th PhotogrammeticWeek(1999.7).
[140]李清泉,王植,李宇光,基于线结构光的3维目标测量与多分辨率建模[J],测绘学报,2006(11),35,371-378.
[141]Mc Ewen,A.S..Photometric functions for photoclinometry and other applications.1991,Icarus 92(2),298-311.
[142]John R.Jensen, Introductory Digital Image Processing, PEARSON Education,Inc.and Prentice Hall,Inc.
[143]Gonzalez,R.C.and R.E.Woods,2002,Digital Image processing,New York:Addison-wesley,793p
[144]Ackermann F(1984)Digital image correlation:performance and potential application in photo grammetry[J].The Photogrammetric Record,11(64)
[145]王辉连,武芳,张琳琳,邓红艳,数学形态学和模式识别在建筑物多边形化简中的应用,测绘学报,2005(8),34,269-276
[146]张梅,张祖勋,张剑清,文静华,空间点三维重建新方法及其不确定性研究,测绘科学,2008(7),33,8-11
[147]Chen,S.-Y.,Tsai,W.-H.. Systematic approach to analytic determination of camera parameters by line features. Pattern Recognit,1990.238,859-897.
[148]伊晓东、周惠成,基于非线性灰模型下储油罐上水变形分析,大连理工大学学报,[J],2007,47(06),880-884
[149]黄桂平,数字近景工业摄影测量关键技术研究与应用,[D],天津大学,2005.
[150]H.GaziBas,Linearization of the collinearity equation to the space intersection,ISPRS,1984,5
[151]张永军,张祖勋,张剑清.利用二维DLT及光束法平差进行数字摄像机标定[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2002,27(6),566-571
[152]Wu Zhongou Wang Zhanrui, Dynamic monitoring model of space displacement field of concrete dam[J].International symposium on Monitoring Technology of Dam Safety,1992,10.
[153]Satoshi Kashima,,Yukikazu Yanaka:Monitoring the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge:First Experiences Structural Engineering Internationa,l2/2001
[154]N. Brown, R. Keenan, B. Richter, L. Troyer, Leica Geosystems AG, Switzerland (2005) "Advances in ambiguity resolution for RTK applications using the new RTCM V3.0 Master-Auxiliary messages", Proc. ION GPS-2005, The Institute of Navigation, Alexandria, VA
[155]伊晓东,张传刚,基于GPS的大连北大桥的结构健康监测第二届结构工程新进展国际论坛论文集。中国建筑工业出版社,2008,大连
[156]周拥军,基于未检校CCD相机的三维测量方法及其在结构变形监测中的应用,上海交通大学博士论文,2007
[157]Allan L. Digital photogrammetry developments at ordnancesurvey.Inter.Archives of 1SPRS,ⅩⅩⅩⅢ B3/1,Amsterdeam,2000
[158]张祖勋,张劍清,张世兴,单像房屋三维重建,2001年雨岸自勤化数字工程测量研讨会论文集,2001,台北.
[159]张卡盛业华等,基于数字近景立体摄影的三维表面模型构建,数据采集与处理,Vol.22 No.3,2007
[160]Grinstead B, Koschan A etal,Vehicle borne scanning for detailed 3D terrain model generation[c]// society of Automotive Engineer sCommercial Vehicle Engineering Congress,Chicago,USA:SAE Society of Automotive Engineers,2005:3557-3565.
[161]郑顺义,苏国中,张祖勋,三维点集自动表面重构算法[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,154-157,2005,30(2).
[162]张祖勋,詹总谦,郑顺义,季铮,摄影全站仪系统,测绘通报,2005第11期.
[163]卢成静,黄桂平，李广云,数字摄影测量用于天线热变形测量的精度测试,测绘通报,2007年第7期.
[164]IMURAM,et.al,Digital Archiving of Kamegatashi(Turtle Shape Stone) Using Data Fusion of Heterogeneous Measurements. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,ⅩⅩⅩⅣ, Part5/W1(Proceedings of International Workshop on Recreating the Past)[C]. [s.1.]:[s. n.],2001.75-80
[165]GRAVELC,LAROUCHEC,GAGNOONP.A.Integration of Total Station and Digital Camera,Surveying with Images [J].Geomatics Info Magazine,1999,13(9):6-7.
[166]倪宏宇.三维数字影像测量技术综述[J].测绘科学,2006,31(2).
[167]张祖勋,吴军,张剑清,建筑场景三维重建中影像方位元素的获取方法[J],武汉大学学报信息科学版,2003,28(3),pp265-271.
[168]Papapanagiotu, E.G., Hatzopoulos, J.N.,2000. Automatic extraction of 3D model coordinates using digital stereo images. Int. Arch.Photogramm. Remote Sens.33 (B4/2),805-812.
[169]IBIS-L紫平铺大坝外型变形监测初步结果,北京博泰克机械有限公司,2009
[170]史文中,空间数据误差处理的理论与方法[M],科学出版社,北京,1998。
[171]Jacobsen, K.,2001. Automatic matching and generation of orthophotos from airborne and spacebome line scanner images. Proc.Joint ISPRS Workshop "High Resolution Mapping from Space2001," Hannover, 19-21 September. Institute of Photogrammetry & Geoinformation, University of Hannover,9 pp. (on CDROM).
[172]WIKTOWY M. Photogrammetric Distortion Measurements of Antennas in a Thermal-vacuum Environmen[J]. Canad ian Aeronautics and Space Journal,2003,(2):65-71.
[173]沈震方,王敏华：建筑变形测量结果的不确定度评定探讨[J],东北测绘,2003(2),26,9-11
[2]王之卓,摄影测量原理续编,[M],北京：测绘出版社,1990
[3]宁津生、李德仁、张祖勋：《测绘学概论》,武汉大学出版社,2002年
[4]Krosley L and Shaffner P, Applications and accuracy of photogrammetry for geological and geotechnical data collecting. Association of Engineering Geologists 2003 Annual Meeting.
[5]Richards,J.A. and X.Jia,1999,Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis:An Introduction, New York:Springer-VVerlag,363p.
[6]张祖勋,数字摄影测量的发展与展望[J]地理信息世界,2004,(03)：1-5
[7]张祖勋,张剑清.数字摄影测量学.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002
[8]卡尔·克劳斯,摄影测量信息处理系统的理论和实践,李德仁,张森林译,崔炳光,李德仁校,测绘出版社杜,北京,1989
[9]Dreshler L,Nagel H H. Votumetric Model and 3D-Trajectory of a Moving Car Derived from Monocular TV-Frame Sequence of a Street Scene. Computer Graphics and Image Procession,1982,20(3),199-228
[10]ManfredWolf,Weinstadt;Photogrammetric Data Capture and Calculation for 3D City Model.Stuttgart,47th PhotogrammeticWeek(1999.7).
[11]伊晓东、李保平变形监测技术及应用,[M],郑州,黄河水利出版社,2007年
[12]张永生,巩丹超等,高分辨率遥感卫星应用,[M],科学出版社,北京,2004,34-35
[13]E P Baltsavias, A comparison between photogammetry and laser scanning,1SPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing, [J],1999,54,2-3
[14]李德仁,数码城市(CyberCity)的概念、技术支撑和典型应用,http://www.cehui.net,2002-11-02
[15]李宏男,伊廷华,王国新.GPS在结构健康监测中的研究与应用进展[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(6)：122-130.
[16]Clive S.Fraser, Simon Cronk,A hybrid measurement approach for close-range photogrammetry, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing,[J],2008,19,3-6
[17]P.Arias,J.Herraez,H./Lorenzo, Control of structural problems in cultural heritage monuments using close-range photogrammetry and computer methods. Journal of Computers & Structures,[J],2005,7,1-13
[18]C.S.Fraser,E.Baltsavias,A.Gruen, Processing of Ikonos imagery for submetre 3D positioning and building extraction, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing,[J].2002,56,177-194.
[19]牟元英,徐春斌,基于结构光和单CCD相机的物体表面三维测量[J],测绘科学,2001(7)26,31-33
[20]郑顺义,张祖勋,翟瑞芳,基于非量测相机的复杂物体三维重建,武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008(5),33,446-449
[21]冯文灏,近景摄影测量[M],武汉,武汉大学出版社,2001.
[22]GRAVELC,LAROUCHEC,GAGNON P.A, Integration of Total Station and Digital Camera surveying with images[J]. Geomatics Info Magazine.1999,13 (9),6-7.
[23]张祖勋,詹总谦,郑顺义,季铮,摄影全站仪系统--数字摄影测量与全站仪的集成,测绘通报,2005,11,1-6.
[24]M.A.R.Cooper,Deformation measurement by photography. The photogrammetric Record,1984,4
[25]林磊,叶列平,程锦,数字摄影技术在结构试验变形测量中的应用,实验技术与管理,2003,20(1),34-38
[26]任伟中,寇新建,凌浩美,数字化近景摄影测量在模型试验变形测量中的应用,岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3),436-440
[27]王子茹,李奠国,近景摄影测量测绘建筑物的研究[J].大连理工大学学报,1995,35(6),889-893
[28]何东健,数字图像处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[29]崔屹,数学形态学方法及应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2000.
[30]郑东华,岳东杰,岳建平,基于几何特征约束的建筑物点云配准算法[J],测绘学报,2008(11),37,464-467.
[31]Benard.M Automatic, Stereo-photogrammetry. A Method Based on Feature Detection and Dynamic Programming, Photogrammetric.1984,39:169--181
[32]Serra J. Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology. New York:Academic Press,1982
[33]Tabatabai A J. Mithchell O.R. Edge Location to Subpixl Acuracy in Digital Imagery. IEEE Trans. PAMI,1981
[34]陈晓勇,数学形态学与影像分析。北京：测绘出版社,1991
[35]Chen Tianen and R.S.Shibasaki,1998, Determination of Camera's Orientation Parameters Based on Line Features, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol.XXX11, Part 5.
[36]宣文玲,林宗坚,从中心投影影像制作正射影像的多种方法研究[J],测绘科学,2003(6),28,9-11
[37]A. Bannister etc. SURVEY [M], Longman S&tT, London,1994
[38]Surveying Manual for Factory Construction, Surveying publishing company,Beijing, China.1990.10
[39]Total Station Manual with Type TRIMBLE5600, http.//www.trimble.com,2002
[40]Yi-xiaodong, Wang-ziru:"Building elevation surveying based on multi-district control", Journal of DALIAN university of technology,2004,vol.44,pp.447-453.
[41]Lin.H.T. Autonomous Recovery of Exterior orientation of Imagery Using Free-form Linear Feature.-[PhD. Dissertation]. Ohio:Ohio State University,2002
[42]Fostner W,Gulch E,A fast Operator for detection and precise location of distinct points.corners and centers of circular feature. Inter-commission Conference on fast processing of photogrammetric data, Interlaken Switzerland 1987.
[43]Huang Youcai,Verress S A(1990) Deformation measurement using closing range photogrammetry in hydro building [R]. Shiplock Deformation Final Report
[44]李德仁,郑肇葆,解析摄影测量学,[M],测绘出版社,北京,1992,16-18
[45]Teunissen, Non-linear Least squares modern.Manuscripla Geodatica,1990(15)
[46]Dold J. Influence of Large Targets on the Results of Photogrammetric Bundle Adjustment. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,1996 (31):119-123
[47]伊晓东,基于近景摄影测量下获取船闸变形的研究[J],测试技术学报,2006,增刊,124-128,B,
[48]李朝奎,基于可靠度理论的变形监测必要精度指标的确定方法[J],武汉大学学报,信息科学版,2002(3),270-273
[49]冯文灏,工业摄影测量[M],武汉,武汉大学出版社,2005
[50]於宗俦、鲁林成,测量平差基础[M],北京,测绘出版社,1983年
[51]崔炳光,孙护,朱肇光,摄影测量学[M],测绘出版社,1982
[52]张宏伟,张祖勋、张剑清,直线摄影测量观测值的冗余度和相关性分析,武汉大学学报,[J],2005,30(09),775-777
[53]X.Wang,T.A.CIarke, Separate adjustment in close-range photogrammetry, PHOTOGRAMMETRY&REMOTE SENSING,2001 (55),289-298
[54]Qiang Ji,Mauro S.Costa,Robert M.Haralick,A robust linear least-squares estimation of camera exterior orientation using multiple geometric feature. PHOTOGRAMMETRY&REMOTE SENSING,2000(55),75-93
[55]Fabio Crosilla,Alberto Beinat,Use of generalized Procrustes analysis for the photogrammetric block adjustment by independent models. Photogrammetry & remote sensing,2002(56),195-209.
[56]Huangyoucai, Optimization of photogrammetry for monitoring deformation, University of Washington U.S.A 1985
[57]赵金熙,一个解高度病态问题高精度算法的数值结果,高校计算数学通报,1987(3),1
[58]Fraser,C.S,Edmundson,K.L.,2000.Computational processes in digital close-range photogrammetry. 1SPRS J.Photogramm and RemoteSens.552,94-104.
[59]Blais, Linear least-square computation using GIVENS transformation. Canada surveyor,1988,1-4.
[60]龚涛,顾及可靠性与精度的近景摄影测量控制点优化设计,解放军测绘学院学报,1998,15(4),270-273
[61]伊晓东,吴学伟,最大截尾L-估计用于变形分析的研究。测绘工程,2007,4,10-13,B2008,31(1)：4-6,B
[62]Huang y.c, Application of Robust Estimation in Close-range Photogrammetric [J],PERS,VOL,No,2,Feb 1987
[63]张文波,稳健估计在近景摄影测量中的应用[J],武汉测绘科技大学硕士论文,1988：15-16
[64]李德仁,误差处理与可靠性理论[M],测绘出版社,1988
[65]Huangyoucai, Application of robust estimation in close-range photogrammetry,PERS,1987 (2)
[66]S.A. Veress,黄幼才,Robust估计在近景摄影测量中的应用,摄影工程与遥感》1987年第2期
[67]Yeu,B.Park,Gross error detection by robust estimation in DLT.1SPRS 1988,10
[68]杨元喜,抗差估计理论及其应用[M],八一出版社,北京,]993
[69]Hampel,F.R.Ronchetti,E.M.,Rousseeuw,PJ.et.al. Robust statistics:The approach based on influence function [M].New York:Wiley,1986
[70]Y1 Xiaodong YI Xuefeng WEI Erhu, Remote Measurement in Steel Grid Structure Based on Control Grid Network, [J],Geo-spatial Information Science,2009,12(4):1-4
[71]Xiaodong Yi, Huichen Zhou,Qinghua YU, Remote measurement of steel grid structure based on control network,, ISTM/2007,7th International Symposium on Test and Measurement, International Academic Publishers Ltd, ISBN 978-988-99684-3-4.
[72]Abdel-Aziz,Y.I.,Karara,H.M.,1971.Direct linear transformation from comparator co-ordinates into object-space coordinates. ASPSymp. on Close-Range Photogrammetry,1-18.
[73]Armin Gruen*, Shunji Murai, High-resolution 3D modelling and visualization of Mount Everest, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote and Sensing,[J],57 2002 102-113
[74]康志忠,张祖勋,阳凡林,沿主光轴影像的单像空问后方交会方法研究,武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2007(4),32,293-296
[75]周秋生,建立数字地面模型的算法研究,现代测绘科学学术报告会论文集,哈尔滨,2000年,110-116
[76]陈永奇、吴子安、吴中如,变形监测与预报[M],北京,测绘出版社,1998
[77]于承新、李妍等,时间基线视差法在形变测量中的应用探索,山东建筑工程学院学报,2001/09(3)
[78]于承新、巩建国等,空间时间基线视差法在变形监测中的应用探索,济南大学学报(自然科学版),2002/12(4)
[79]徐芳,于承新,黄桂兰等,利用数字摄影测量进行钢结构挠度的变形监测,武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001,26(3),256-260
[80]大连北大桥检测报告,大连理工大学桥梁研究所,2004年
[81]罗志才,陈永奇,刘焱雄,GPS用于鉴别振动变形的实验研究,测绘学报,2000年5月,第29卷第2期
[82]Leica Geosystems (2005), "Take it to the MAX!-An introduction to the philosophy and technology behind Leica Geosystems' SpiderNET revolutionary Network RTK software and algorithms", White Paper, Leica Geosystems, June 2005
[83]Chris Rizos (2005), "GPS Augmented System for Bridge Monitoring",1st International Leica GPS Bridge Monitoring Workshop, Hong Kong,8-9 June 2005
[84]Gethin Roberts (2005), "Using GPS to Monitor the Deflections of Structures",1st International Leica GPS Bridge Monitoring Workshop, Hong Kong,8-9 June 2005
[85]黄启远文景良陈伟儿刘正光(2000),“人造卫星定位系统在桥梁结构健康监测中的应用”中国土木工程学会桥梁及结构工程学会第十四届年会论文集,南京,2000
[86]Yixiaodong,Practice and Analysis of Position Telemetering Used in Bridge Structure measurement, ISTM/2005,6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement, Beijing World Publishing Corporation,ISBN 7-5062-7445-0.
[87]李宏男,伊廷华,伊晓东等.采用GPS与全站仪对大跨斜拉桥进行变形监测[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2004,25(1)：8-13.
[88]Wangjun,YiXiaodong,Wei Erhu.Real time monitoring of Dalian Beida Bridge, [J],Coordinates,2009,3(3), Volume V.14-18.
[89]伊晓东,张传刚.基于动态GPS技术的大连北大桥结构健康测试[J].测试技术学报.2008,22(5)：392-396.
[90]丁窘辋,刘友光,张松波,工程与工业摄影测量,地质出版社,北京,1995
[91]李志林,朱庆,数字高程模型,武汉大学出版社[M],武汉,2003
[92]史文中,空间数据误差处理的理论与方法[M],科学出版社,北京,1998。
[93]MURAI S. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow of System for Spatial Data Processing, Analysis and Representation. ISPRS Commission Ⅱ, Symposium 2002, (Proceedings of Integrated Sy stem for Spatial Data Production, Custodian and Decision Support) [C], Xian,2002.
[94]多基线数字近景摄影测量系统Lensphoto的技术及其应用,武汉朗视软件有限公司,2009
[95]欧吉坤,测量数据的质量控制理论探讨,现代测绘科学学术报告,2000,哈尔滨
[96]Baarda,W A testing procedure for use in geodetic networks, publication on Geodesy[J],New Series, Netherlands Geodetic Commission,2(5),1968
[97]欧吉坤,相关观测情况的可靠性研究[J],测绘学报,1999,28(3),189-194
[98]Huber P.J, Robust Statistics[M] "New York,Wiley,1986
[99]John R.Jensen,遥感影像数字处理导论[M],科学出版社,北京,2007
[100]陈鹰,遥感影像的数字摄影测量[M],同济大学出版社,上海,2004
[101]武汉测绘科技大学工程测量系,解析法地面摄影测量方法监测西陵峡岩崩的研究。1990,武汉。
[102]过静珺,商瑞斌,葛胜杰等,利用GPS监测高大建筑物动态位移法研究。工程勘察,1997(3)48-51
[103]冯文灏,吴土金,严烈,普通照相机用于深水码头橡胶护舷变形测量,武汉测绘学院学报,1980(1)
[104]李征航,张小红,徐晓华,隔河岩大坝变形GPS自动监测系统的精度评定。哈尔滨工程高等专科学校学报,2000,11(3),1-6。
[105]过静珺,香港青马大桥GPS监测位移实验研究,中国全球定位系统技术应用协会第三届年会,1998。
[106]W.Caspary,H.Borutta,变形模型的稳健估计,测绘译丛,1989(1),27-37
[107]朱庆,陈楚江。不规则三角网的快速建立及其动态更新。武汉测绘科技大学学报,23(3),204-207。
[108]Eos Systems,2008.http://www.photomodeler.com(accessed 1.03.08).
[109]黄幼才,重复中值估计及在坐标变换中应用,武汉测绘科技大学学报,1988,1
[110]卢刚,Robust估计,测绘学报,1985,1
[111]黄幼才,陆国胜,Verress,近景摄影测量应用于水工建筑物变形观测。1990,30-34
[112]K.Kubik,D.Merchant,and T.schenk,Robust estimation in photogrammetry,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1987(2),53,167-169
[113]吴世棋，孔健,张德强,近景摄影测量在隧道变形监测中的应用,铁路航测,1994(4),6-8
[114]何小元,衡伟,高卫,远距离高精度二维动态位移测量,实验力学,1996,4,(11),468-472
[115]Clive S.Fraser, Bjorn Riedel, Monitoring the thermal deformation of steel beams via vision metrology. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing 55 2000 268-276.
[116]郑顺义,张祖勋,翟瑞芳,基于非量测相机的复杂物体三维重建,武汉大学学报·信息科学版,Vol.33 NO.5, May 2008, Remote Sens.552,94-104.
[117]Pablo d'Angelo, Christian Wohler, Image-based 3D surface reconstruction by combination of photometric, geometric, and real-aperture methods, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing 63(2008)297-321
[118]赵慧、伊晓东,形态学在数字图像边界提取的应用,2008全国水电测量学会论文集,2008、09
[119]袁修孝,付迎春,张过,付建红：多级空间信息网格间的平面坐标变换精度分析[J],武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(2),100-114
[120]浙江大学数学系,概率论与数理统计[M],人民教育出版社,1983
[121]K.R.Koch Statistical analysis of Geodetic Data with applications for deformation analysis, institute for theoretical geodesy university of Bonn,1985
[122]Tracy K C.Kareem A.The Height of Precision:Monitoring Tall Buildings[J].GPS World,2003.9:1-8.
[123]李宏男,伊廷华,伊晓东等.采用GPS与全站仪对大跨斜拉桥进行变形监测[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2004,25(1)：8-13
[124]FRASER, C. S., an. Automation in Digital Close Range Photogrammetry. First Trans Tasmin Surveyors Conference,12-18,1997
[125]Michael Cramer, GPS/inertial data in aerial photogrammetry. University of Suttgart, URL:http://www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/staff/cramer.en.htm,2005
[126]Mikhail E. M., J. S. Bethel, J. C. McGlone. Introduction to Modern Photogrammetry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,2001
[127]黄桂平,多台电子经纬仪/全站仪构成混合测量系统的研究和开发[D],信息工程大学测绘学院,1999,郑州.
[128]Birch J Using 3DM Analyst mine mapping suite for rock face characterization. In:Tonon,F, Kottenstette JT (eds) Laser and photogrammetric methods for rock face characterization. American Rock Mechanics Association, Alexandria, Virginia, pp.13-32.,2006
[129]Gaich A, Potsch M., Schubert W Basics and application of 3D imagining systems with conventional and high-resolution cameras. (2006),Alexandria, Virginia, pp.33-48.
[130]Krosley L and Shaffner P Applications and accuracy of photogrammetry for geological and geotechnical data collecting. Association of Engineering Geologists 2003 Annual Meeting Abstracts.2003
[131]Cronk, S., Fraser, C.S., Hanley, H.B.,2006. Automatic calibration of colour digital cameras. Photogammetric Record 21 (116),355-372.
[132]Fraser, C.S.,2006. Evolution of network orientation procedures. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,Dresden 35 (5),114-120.
[133]Fraser, C.S., Cronk, S.,2007. Automated close-range photogrammetry:Accommodation of non-controlled measurement environments. In:Gruen, A., Kahmen.H. (Eds.), Optical 3D Measurements VIII, Zurich, Switzerland, vol.1, pp.49-55.
[134]康志忠,张祖勋.基于灭点理论和物方平行线几何约束的建筑端而纹理自动纠正[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2004,29(4)：333—337
[135]Fryer, J.G.,MitchelI, H.L., Chandler, J.H.,2007. Applications of 3DMeasurement from Images.Whittles, Scotland, p304.
[136]Luhmann, T., Robson, S., Kyle, S., Harley, I.,2006b. Close Range Photogrammetry:Principles, Methods and Applications.Whittles, Scotland, p510.
[137]Smith, S.M., Brady, J.M.,1997. SUSAN -A new approach to low level image processing. International Journal of Computer Vision 23 (1),45-78.
[138]Jazayeri, I., Fraser, C.S.,2008. Interest operators in close-range object reconstruction. In: International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Beijing, XXXVII(B5-1):pp.69-74.
[139]ManfredWolf,Weinstadt;Photogrammetric Data Capture and Calculation for 3D City Model.Stuttgait,47th PhotogrammeticWeek(1999.7).
[140]李清泉,王植,李宇光,基于线结构光的3维目标测量与多分辨率建模[J],测绘学报,2006(11),35,371-378.
[141]Mc Ewen,A.S..Photometric functions for photoclinometry and other applications.1991,Icarus 92(2),298-311.
[142]John R.Jensen, Introductory Digital Image Processing, PEARSON Education,Inc.and Prentice Hall,Inc.
[143]Gonzalez,R.C.and R.E.Woods,2002,Digital Image processing,New York:Addison-wesley,793p
[144]Ackermann F(1984)Digital image correlation:performance and potential application in photo grammetry[J].The Photogrammetric Record,11(64)
[145]王辉连,武芳,张琳琳,邓红艳,数学形态学和模式识别在建筑物多边形化简中的应用,测绘学报,2005(8),34,269-276
[146]张梅,张祖勋,张剑清,文静华,空间点三维重建新方法及其不确定性研究,测绘科学,2008(7),33,8-11
[147]Chen,S.-Y.,Tsai,W.-H.. Systematic approach to analytic determination of camera parameters by line features. Pattern Recognit,1990.238,859-897.
[148]伊晓东、周惠成,基于非线性灰模型下储油罐上水变形分析,大连理工大学学报,[J],2007,47(06),880-884
[149]黄桂平,数字近景工业摄影测量关键技术研究与应用,[D],天津大学,2005.
[150]H.GaziBas,Linearization of the collinearity equation to the space intersection,ISPRS,1984,5
[151]张永军,张祖勋,张剑清.利用二维DLT及光束法平差进行数字摄像机标定[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2002,27(6),566-571
[152]Wu Zhongou Wang Zhanrui, Dynamic monitoring model of space displacement field of concrete dam[J].International symposium on Monitoring Technology of Dam Safety,1992,10.
[153]Satoshi Kashima,,Yukikazu Yanaka:Monitoring the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge:First Experiences Structural Engineering Internationa,l2/2001
[154]N. Brown, R. Keenan, B. Richter, L. Troyer, Leica Geosystems AG, Switzerland (2005) "Advances in ambiguity resolution for RTK applications using the new RTCM V3.0 Master-Auxiliary messages", Proc. ION GPS-2005, The Institute of Navigation, Alexandria, VA
[155]伊晓东,张传刚,基于GPS的大连北大桥的结构健康监测第二届结构工程新进展国际论坛论文集。中国建筑工业出版社,2008,大连
[156]周拥军,基于未检校CCD相机的三维测量方法及其在结构变形监测中的应用,上海交通大学博士论文,2007
[157]Allan L. Digital photogrammetry developments at ordnancesurvey.Inter.Archives of 1SPRS,ⅩⅩⅩⅢ B3/1,Amsterdeam,2000
[158]张祖勋,张劍清,张世兴,单像房屋三维重建,2001年雨岸自勤化数字工程测量研讨会论文集,2001,台北.
[159]张卡盛业华等,基于数字近景立体摄影的三维表面模型构建,数据采集与处理,Vol.22 No.3,2007
[160]Grinstead B, Koschan A etal,Vehicle borne scanning for detailed 3D terrain model generation[c]// society of Automotive Engineer sCommercial Vehicle Engineering Congress,Chicago,USA:SAE Society of Automotive Engineers,2005:3557-3565.
[161]郑顺义,苏国中,张祖勋,三维点集自动表面重构算法[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,154-157,2005,30(2).
[162]张祖勋,詹总谦,郑顺义,季铮,摄影全站仪系统,测绘通报,2005第11期.
[163]卢成静,黄桂平，李广云,数字摄影测量用于天线热变形测量的精度测试,测绘通报,2007年第7期.
[164]IMURAM,et.al,Digital Archiving of Kamegatashi(Turtle Shape Stone) Using Data Fusion of Heterogeneous Measurements. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,ⅩⅩⅩⅣ, Part5/W1(Proceedings of International Workshop on Recreating the Past)[C]. [s.1.]:[s. n.],2001.75-80
[165]GRAVELC,LAROUCHEC,GAGNOONP.A.Integration of Total Station and Digital Camera,Surveying with Images [J].Geomatics Info Magazine,1999,13(9):6-7.
[166]倪宏宇.三维数字影像测量技术综述[J].测绘科学,2006,31(2).
[167]张祖勋,吴军,张剑清,建筑场景三维重建中影像方位元素的获取方法[J],武汉大学学报信息科学版,2003,28(3),pp265-271.
[168]Papapanagiotu, E.G., Hatzopoulos, J.N.,2000. Automatic extraction of 3D model coordinates using digital stereo images. Int. Arch.Photogramm. Remote Sens.33 (B4/2),805-812.
[169]IBIS-L紫平铺大坝外型变形监测初步结果,北京博泰克机械有限公司,2009
[170]史文中,空间数据误差处理的理论与方法[M],科学出版社,北京,1998。
[171]Jacobsen, K.,2001. Automatic matching and generation of orthophotos from airborne and spacebome line scanner images. Proc.Joint ISPRS Workshop "High Resolution Mapping from Space2001," Hannover, 19-21 September. Institute of Photogrammetry & Geoinformation, University of Hannover,9 pp. (on CDROM).
[172]WIKTOWY M. Photogrammetric Distortion Measurements of Antennas in a Thermal-vacuum Environmen[J]. Canad ian Aeronautics and Space Journal,2003,(2):65-71.
[173]沈震方,王敏华：建筑变形测量结果的不确定度评定探讨[J],东北测绘,2003(2),26,9-11
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |